274 research outputs found
Archiving Yoruba liturgical choruses through art music compositions: A survey of some selected art music compositions
No full textVolume 8 Issue 4 December 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org//10.63102/jaac.v8i4.202518
https://jaac-sca.org ISSN 2637-3610
Abstract
In the last over one and a half centuries of the growth and development of
African Art Music Compositions, composers have depended on a number
of preexisting materials as thematic materials in their syncretic
compositions. Some of these materials are African folk music, traditional
songs, rhythm and melodies that recalls traditional scenes, African
hymnodies and common liturgical choruses. Most of the liturgical
choruses used by these composers have been passed down through the
ages by rote method, which is largely due to the inability of the composers
to notate their ideas. Some of these art music composers who have
depended on common liturgical choruses in their compositions, apart from
producing artistic works that their audience can easily comprehend with,
breaking barriers of musical cultures, they also succeeded in documenting
and archiving these choruses unknowingly through using one of the best
means of documentation, which is the staff notation (scoreography). This
research is premised on the framework of Archival science theory. The
work will be focused on some Choral Art music compositions of Sunday
Olawuwo, Kayode Oguntade and Gbenga Obagbemi. The primary
materials used in the three compositions are some common Yoruba
liturgical choruses. In other to achieve the goal of this qualitative research,
I depended largely on the staff notation of those music under focus, I also
depended on direct interviews, interview through social media devices
such as WhatsApp and Facebook as primary sources of eliciting
information. My secondary sources of eliciting materials are
bibliographical materials such as textbooks, journals, magazines and some
internet sources. The work looked into some of the compositional tools used in achieving African authenticity of the intercultural liturgical
choral composition. This research recommends a furtherance of
African compositional musicology through artistic rebranding,
archiving and documentation of preexisting liturgical choruses
Wellbore Stability in Ultra-Deep Formations of the Gulf of Mexico
No full textThis thesis work looks into Horizontal wellbore integrity or stability in the Mars Ursa Basin of the Gulf of Mexico using different geo-mechanical properties of this highly producing formation in analyzing stress build up both around the producing wells as well as the producing formations. Different cases were analyzed using the CMG simulator where consideration was given to cases of single as well as multiple producing horizontal wells. The model built considered both the basic reservoir model as well as geo-mechanical models. The individual cases considered included different geomechanical properties of the producing formation these properties however include frictional angle, cohesion factor, Young Modulus as well as Poison ratio. Models analyzed involved the effect of these different geo-mechanical properties on the maximum stress in the producing formations as well as salty formations. However for the stress analysis, Mohr Coulomb model was used.;Factors that majorly affected maximum stress mostly were found to be frictional angle and the cohesion factors, formation with higher porosity and permeability having higher production developed higher maximum stress compared to low producing zones also high frictional angle at producing formation resulted averagely into lower maximum stress build up while low frictional angle resulted into higher maximum stress build up. Also formation with high cohesion factor shows higher maximum stress build up while those with low cohesion factor shows lower maximum stress build up.;A general trend however observed in all the cases indicated that whatever geomechanical factor or combination of these factors satisfy high production rate will generate higher stress build up both around the wellbore and the producing formation
ASSESSMENT OF TAPIOCA STARCHES OBTAINED AFTER DIFFERENT STEEPING PERIODS AS BINDERS IN A PARACETAMOL TABLET FORMULATION
No full textAbstract Starches obtained after steeping Tapioca tubers for different periods were each evaluated as a binding agent in paracetamol tablet formulations in comparison with corn starch British Pharmacopoeia (BP). Compressional properties were analyzed using density measurements and the compression equations of Heckel and Kawakita as assessment parameters, while the mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed with the use of the tensile strength (TS) and the brittle fracture index (BFI) of the tablets. Formulations containing longer steeping period starches as binding agent showed a slower onset of plastic deformation -high value of P Y , and a higher amount of deformation during compression-low value of P K . Both P Y and P K were affected by the concentration of the starch binders. The TS of the paracetamol tablets increased with the increase in the binder concentration and with the subsequent increase in starch steeping period while the BFI of the tablets decreased accordingly. Starch obtained after 72 h steeping of Tapioca tubers showed a similar result with corn starch BP. The results generally suggest that the steeping period would influence the activity of a starch binder in a formulation. Rezumat Lucrarea prezintă studii efectuate asupra amidonului de Tapioca, utilizat ca şi agent de aglutinare în formularea tabletelor cu paracetamol. Proprietăţile de compresie au fost analizate cu ajutorul ecuaţiilor Heckel şi Kawakita. Proprietăţile mecanice ale tabletelor au fost evaluate prin determinarea rezistenţei la "tensile strength" şi "brittle fracture index"
Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Risk factors and a predictive model for under-five mortality in Nigeria: evidence from Nigeria demographic and health survey
No full textAbstract Background Under-5 mortality is a major public health challenge in developing countries. It is essential to identify determinants of under-five mortality (U5M) childhood mortality because these will assist in formulating appropriate health programmes and policies in order to meet the United Nations MDG goal. The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model and identify maternal, child, family and other risk factors associated U5M in Nigeria. Methods Population-based cross-sectional study which explored 2008 demographic and health survey of Nigeria (NDHS) with multivariable logistic regression. Likelihood Ratio Test, Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit and Variance Inflation Factor were used to check the fit of the model and the predictive power of the model was assessed with Receiver Operating Curve (ROC curve). Results This study yielded an excellent predictive model which revealed that the likelihood of U5M among the children of mothers that had their first marriage at age 20-24 years and ≥ 25 years declined by 20% and 30% respectively compared to children of those that married before the age of 15 years. Also, the following factors reduced odds of U5M: health seeking behaviour, breastfeeding children for > 18 months, use of contraception, small family size, having one wife, low birth order, normal birth weight, child spacing, living in urban areas, and good sanitation. Conclusions This study has revealed that maternal, child, family and other factors were important risk factors of U5M in Nigeria. This study has identified important risk factors that will assist in formulating policies that will improve child survival.</p
Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria : a multilevel analysis
No full textStunting, a form of undernutrition, is the best measure of child health inequalities as it captures multiple dimensions of children's health, development and the environment where they live. The aim of this study was to quantify the predictors of childhood stunting in Nigeria. This study used data obtained from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 28 647 children aged 0-59 months included in NDHS in 2008 were analysed in this study. We applied multilevel multivariate logistic regression analysis in which individual-level factors were at the first level and community-level factors at the second level. The percentage change in variance of the full model accounted for about 46% in odds of stunting across the communities. The present study found that the following predictors increased the odds of childhood stunting: male gender, age above 11 months, multiple birth, low birthweight, low maternal education, low maternal body mass index, poor maternal health-seeking behaviour, poor household wealth and short birth interval. The community-level predictors found to have significant association with childhood stunting were: child residing in community with high illiteracy rate and North West and North East regions of the country. In conclusion, this study revealed that both individual- and community-level factors are significant determinants of childhood stunting in Nigeria
Individual and contextual socioeconomic determinants of knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV in Nigeria : a multilevel analysis
No full textBackground: Nigeria has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world after India and South Africa. HIV/AIDS places a considerable burden on society’s resources, and its prevention is a cost-beneficial solution to address these consequences. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no multilevel study performed to date that examined the separate and independent associations of individual and community socioeconomic status (SES) with HIV prevention knowledge in Nigeria. Methods: Multilevel linear regression models were applied to the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey on 48 871 respondents (Level 1) nested within 886 communities (Level 2) from 37 districts (Level 3). Results: Approximately one-fifth (20%) of respondents were not aware of any of the Abstinence, Being faithful and Condom use (ABC) approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. However, the likelihood of being aware of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV increased with older age, male gender, greater education attainment, a higher wealth index, living in an urban area and being from least socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. There were significant community and district variations in respondents’ knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that both individual- and community-level SES factors are important predictors of knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV in Nigeria. The findings underscore the need to implement public health prevention strategies not only at the individual level, but also at the community level
Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis
No full textASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AS A PREDICTOR OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR IN KADUNA SOUTH
No full textAbstract: The study assessed domestic violence as predictors of delinquent behaviour among children in Kaduna State. Survey design was employed with two hundred and fifty (250) participants selected using simple random sampling technique drawn from Command Secondary School, Kachia Road, Government Day Secondary School, Kakuri in Kaduna South, and Borstal Training Institute Barnawa, Kaduna with the age ranges from 11-above years who were children both male and female. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test were used to test the hypotheses. Two hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis one revealed a mean and standard deviation scores for Domestic violence (M= 10.68, SD= 4.536) and delinquent behaviour (M= 12.79, SD= 3.518). Further analysis revealed a statistically significant r(248) = 0.311, P .05). Observation of the means however indicates that children from high socio-economic status families scored slightly higher on delinquent behaviour (M=12.57, SD=2.61) compared to their counterparts from the low socio-economic status families (M=12.03, SD=2.78). This was however not confirmed. We concluded and recommended that relationship between domestic violence and juvenile delinquent behaviour in Kaduna South. Parents and guardians should make sure that they give their children adequate attention at home especially in regard to incidence of violence either from the parents, relatives or peer group (friends) who they mix and mingle with.
Keywords: Assessment, Domestic Violence, Children, Predictor and Juvenile Delinquent Behaviour.
Title: ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN AS A PREDICTOR OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR IN KADUNA SOUTH
Author: Yasmin Aminu Ahmad, Fadare Gbenga Oba, Charlton Jose, David Markus Shekwolo
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 402-408
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 30-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6593010
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/assessment-of-domestic-violence-on-children-as-a-predictor-of-delinquent-behaviour-in-kaduna-southInternational Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online), Vol. 10, Research Publish Journals (Publisher), Website: www.researchpublish.co
Effect of Correlations on Type 1 Error Rates of Some Multivariate Normality Tests
No full textNormality assumption of multivariate data is a prerequisite to the use of multivariate statistical data analysis methods before inference could be valid and reliable. Tests developed to validate this assumption including Doornik-Harsen (DH), Shapiro-Francia (SF), Mardia Skewness (MS), Mardia Skewness for small sample (MSS) and Kurtosis (MK), Skewness (S) and Kurtosis(K), Shapiro-Wilk(SW), Royston (R), Desgagne-Micheaux (DM), Henze-Zirkler (HZ), Energy (E), Gel-Gastwirth (GG) and Bontemps-Meddahi (BM) tests often result into different conclusions. These differences can be misleading. Consequently, this paper examined the effect of correlations on the Type 1 error rates of multivariate tests of normality. Monte Carlo experiments were conducted one thousand (1000) times taking into consideration the dimensions, correlations and sample sizes of the multivariate data. A test is affected by correlation if its estimated Type 1 error rate changes as correlation changes. A test is considered good if its estimated error rate approximates the true error rate and best if the number of times it approximates the estimated error rate when counted over the levels of correlations, sample sizes and levels of significance is the highest, the mode. Results show that Type 1 error rates of DH, SF, SW, R, DM, GG and BM tests are affected by correlations and are relatively not good; where as the Type 1 error rates of HZ, MS, MK, MSS, S, K and E tests are not only unaffected by correlations but are also relatively good. Consequently, MS, R, MSS, HZ and E tests have good Type 1 error rates but that of E and HZ tests are best. They are therefore recommended for practitioners
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