45 research outputs found
The Inheriting of Land and the Break-up of Family Properties in Vinodol in the 19th Century
No full textČlanak govori o načinu života velikih obitelji s više bračnih parova koje su živjele u mjestu Grižane-Belgrad u Vinodolu (Hrvatsko primorje) do konca 19. stoljeća, a neke, s manjim brojem članova i do Drugoga svjetskog rata. Suautorica, Katica Barbarić, zabilježila je svoja sjećanja o pričama koje je slušala u djetinjstvu. Velika zadružna gospodarstva, na kojima je zajedno živjelo i radilo nekoliko generacija jedne obitelji, u njenom djetinjstvu već su bila stvar prošlosti. Sjećanje na takav način života još postoji u usmenoj tradiciji stanovništva mjesta Gižane-Belgrad. U nazivima mjesta i zaselaka sačuvana su prezimena i obiteljski nadimci koji nose trag nekadašnjih velikih obiteljskih zajednica. U 19. stoljeću u Vinodolu je već prevadavalo privatno vlasništvo, a pravo nasljeđivanja imali su podjednako i muški i ženski članovi obitelji. Sa svakom novom generacijom zemljišne parcele su se sve više smanjivale. Time su se pogoršavali uvjeti života obitelji i raslo je siromaštvo. Stanovnici Vinodola nastojali su smanjiti i usporiti usitnjavanje zemljišnih posjeda prilikom nasljeđivanja. Jedan od načina bila je novčana isplata barem jednoga člana obitelji. U članku su prikazana dva pravna dokumenta o nasljeđivanju u obiteljima Stipaničić (iz 1855.) i Šarar (iz 1891.) iz mjesta Grižane u Vinodolu. Na primjeru ta dva dokumenta vidimo slično nastojanje da se smanji broj nasljednika, odnosno provede samo nužna dioba zemlje. Pa ipak, koliko god nastojali smanjiti ili usporiti usitnjavanje zemljišnih posjeda taj se proces i dalje neminovno razvijao. Njegova posljedica bile su ekonomske migracije uslijed čega se koncem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća smanjio broj stanovnika u cijelome Vinodolu.The article speaks about the way of life of large families with several married couples who lived at the site of Grižane-Belgrad in Vinodol (the Croatian Littoral) until the end of the 19th century, and some, with fewer members until the Second World War. Co-author, Katica Barbarić, noted her memories of stories, which she had heard in her childhood. The large collective estates, where several generations of one family lived and worked together, were already a thing of the past in her childhood. The memory of such a way of life still exists in the oral tradition of the population of the site of Grižane-Belgrad. In the names of the places and hamlets are preserved the surnames and family nicknames that hold a trace of the former large family communities. As early as the 19th century private ownership already prevailed, and the rights of inheritance were equal for both male and female members of a family. With every new generation the parcels of land were reduced more and more. With this a family’s living conditions worsened and poverty increased. The inhabitants of Vinodol tried to reduce and slow down the break-up of properties during inheritance. One method was the cash payment to at least one member of a family. In the article are presented two legal documents about the inheritance of two families, the Stipaničićs (from 1855) and the Šarars (from 1891) from the settlement of Grižane in Vinodol. From the example of these two documents we can see the similar attempt at the reduction of the number of heirs, in other words to carry out only the necessary division of the land. However, no matter how they tried to reduce and slow down the break-up of the properties this process inevitably developed further. Its consequences were economic migration meaning that at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th the number of inhabitants over the whole of Vinodol dropped
Wedding Customs of the Grižane-Belgrad Region at the end of the 19th and Beginning of 20th century
No full textČlanak donosi opis tradicijskih svadbenih običaja stanovnika sela i zaselaka na području Grižana, mjesta u Vinodolskoj općini. Obuhvaćeno je razdoblje unutar zadnjih desetljeća 19. i prvih desetljeća 20. stoljeća u kojem se život na selu postupno mijenja i modernizira pa se polako gase i tradicijski običaji. Pritom koautorica članka Katica Barbarić poseže za vlasitim sjećanjima iz djetinjstva, neposredno prije i za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, i pričanjima starijih stanovnika koje je slušala kao mlada osoba. Korišteni su i zapisi učiteljice Zorke Löschner Zastavniković koja je umirovljena 1945. i učitelja Dragutina Šepića koji je službovao do 1910. Brakove su u prošlosti dogovarali roditelji, a posredovala je neka starija rođakinja koja je roditeljima djevojke prenosila poručak, poruku. Tek nakon toga dolazili su prosci kad su bili sigurni da bračna ponuda neće biti odbijena. Po dolasku mladoženjinih svatova pred mladenkunom kućom odvijalo se pregovaranje, a znali bi naići i na zaključana vrata pa su morali glasno dozvati ukućane. Svadbenu povorku predvodio je korovenja noseći u rukama okićenu korenicu (struk crnog zelja) i mali baril s vinom. U kući mladenke pjevala se iz davnina naslijeđena pjesma Kad se je kćerčica od majke dilila. Mladenkin miraz nosile su djevojke i mlade snahe u njen budući dom. Život mladog para odvijao se u obiteljskoj zajednici u kojoj su svekar i svekrva o svemu odlučivali. Usporedo s nestajanjem velikih zadružnih porodica u prvim desetljećima 20. stoljeća, nestajao je i običaj da roditelji svojoj djeci biraju bračnog partnera i ugovaraju brak. U članku su opisani različiti svadbeni običaji koji su se u svojim glavnim sadržajnim odrednicama očuvali do sredine 20. stoljeća. Tragove pojedinih običaja u današnje vrijeme može se prepoznati u šalama i negdotama kojima se zabav
ljaju svatovi.The article provides a description of the traditional wedding customs of the inhabitants of villages and hamlets in the area of Grižane, a place located on the territory of the current Municipality of Vinodol. The period within the last decades of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century is covered, in which life in the countryside is gradually being changed and modernized, so the traditional customs are slowly fading. At the same time, the co-author of the article, Katica Barbarić (born 1935), refers to her own childhood memories and the stories of elderly inhabitants that she listened to as a young person, and she also uses the writings of the teachers Zorka Löschner Zastavniković and Dragutin Šepić. In the past, marriages were arranged by parents, with the mediation of an elderly female relative who passed the message to the girl’s parents. Only then, the suitors would arrive when they were certain that the marriage proposal would not be rejected. Upon the arrival of the bridegrooms wedding party in front of the bride’s house, negotiations took place, and sometimes they would come across locked doors, so they had to loudly call the household members. The wedding procession was led by a korovenj (the leader of the wedding party, waiving a flag accompanied by a virgin or two) carrying an ornate korenica (a bundle of black cabbage) and a small barrel with wine in his hands. In the house of the bride, a song inherited from antiquity called Kad se je kćerčica od majke dilila /When the daughter was separated from her mother was sung. The bride’s dowry was carried by girls and young daughters-in-law. The life of the young couple took place in a family unit, where everything was decided by the father-in-law and mother-in-law. Alongside with the disappearance of large cooperative families in the first decades of the 20th century, the custom of parents selecting a spouse for their children and arranging the marriage disappeared as well. The article contains descriptions of various wedding customs that have been preserved in their main content guidelines until the middle of the 20th century. Traces of individual customs and rules can be found nowadays in jokes and anecdotes that are used to entertain the wedding party
Former Social Activities in Grižane and Vinodol
No full textAutorica daje pregled nekadašnjih društava, podupirajućih radničkih zadruga, čitaonica i drugih organiziranih oblika društvenih aktivnosti, koji su djelovali do Drugoga svjetskog rata u nekadašnjim općinama kotareva Crikvenica i Novi Vinodolski. Posebno daje širi prikaz društava koja su djelovala u Općini Grižane-Belgrad. U članku donosi prijepise pravila slijedećih društva: „Družtva čitaonice u Grižanih" (1894.), „Čitaoničkog društva u Grižanih" (1907.), „Društva za gojenje i promicanje tjelovježbe Hrvatski sokol u Grižane-Belgradu" (1908.), „Čitaonice hrvatske starčevićeve stranke prava" (1907.) i Uzajamno-podupirajuće radničke zadruge Sv. Roka u Grižanima (1905.). U drugom dijelu članka autorica donosi popis društava koja su do Drugoga svjetskog rata djelovala na području kotareva Crikvenica i Novi Vinodolski. Popis društava s godinom osnutka donosi se za općine: Novi Vinodolski, Crikvenica, Bribir, Drivenik, Selce, Sveta Jelena (Dramalj), Sveti Jakov Šiljevica (Jadranovo), Grižane-Belgrad i Ledenice. Pravila svih društava čuvaju se u izvornom obliku u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu (HDA) u Zagrebu. Članak je pisan čakavicom kojom se govori u mjestu Grižane, u kojem autorica živi.The author provides an overview of the former societies, the supporting workers’coope ratives, reading room and other organised forms of social activities, which operated until the Second World War in the former municipal districts of Crikvenica and Novi Vinodolski. In particular she provides a wider overview of the societies which operated in the Municipality of Grižane‑Belgrad. In the article are transcripts of the regulations of the following societies: Družtva čitaonice u Grižanih (Society of Reading Room in Grižane) (1894), Čitaoničk og društva u Grižanih (Reading Room Society in Grižane) (1907), Društva za gojenje i promicanje tjelovježbe Hrvatski sokol u Grižane‑Belgradu (The Society for the Cultivation and Promotion of Physical Exercise Croatian Falcon in Grižane‑Belgrad) (1908), Čitaonice hrvatske starčevićeve stranke prava (Reading Room of Croatian Starčević Party Rights) (1907) and Uzajamno‑podupirajuće radničke zadruge Sv. Roka u Grižanima (The mutually‑supporting workers’ cooperative of St. Rocco in Grižane) (1905). In the second part of the article the author provides a list of the societies which operated until the Second World War in the region of the districts of Crikvenica and Novi Vinodolski. The list of societies with the years of their establishment is given for all the municipalities: Novi Vinodolski, Crikvenica, Bribir, Drivenik, Selce, Sveta Jelena (Dramalj), Sveti Jakov Šiljevica (Jadranovo), Grižane‑Belgrad and Ledenice. The regulations of all the societies are preserved in their original form in the Croatian State Archive (HAD) in Zagreb. The article is written in the Chakavian dialect which is spoken in the town of Grižane, where the author lives
LIVING WITH OUR FOREST AND FROM OUR FOREST
No full textAutorica na slikovit i emotivan način donosi prikaz života u grižansko belgradskoj Gori i što je sve Gora značila i danas znači za ljude toga kraja. U članku se navode mnogobrojni lokalni toponimi s opisima predjela. Na izvornoj griškoj čakavštini nižu se lirski opisi prirode, običaja i svakodnevnih zbivanja kakvih se autorica sjeća još iz vremena svoga djetinjstva i rane mladosti. Gotovo plastično, autorica opisuje teregobe toga načina života. Prati tijek privremenog življenja obitelji va Gori, kamo se u ljetnim mjesecima odlazilo da bi se obrađivali šumski vrtovi, kosilo livade, brinulo o stoci i na druge načine ostvarivalo sve što je bilo potrebno za obitelj, kao dopuna onome što se privredilo doma u Vinodolu. Nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata počele su se obnavljati kućice uništene u ratu, a Vinodolci su ponovno počeli odlaziti u Goru, obrađivati vrtove i kositi ravnice.The author wrote a picturesque and emotional article on the life in Grižane-Belgrad forest, on its past and present meanings for local population. Besides listing numerous local toponyms, the article includes the descriptions of area. Writing in the original Chakavian dialect of Grižane, the author lyrically describes nature, customs and everyday events, as she remembers them from her childhood days and early youth. In an almost graphic fashion, she describes the hardships of such a life. She follows the course of families’ temporary forest residence, where people would go in the summer months to work in forest gardens, mow the meadows, take care of cattle and in other way provide for their families, to supplement the home production back in Vinodol. Following the WWII, small houses destroyed in the war were renewed, and the people of Vinodol returned to the forest to work in gardens and mow the plains
NATIONAL COSTUMES OF THE GRIŽANE AREA
No full textU opisu narodne nošnje i ručnog rada grižansko - belgradskog kraja autorica polazi od značenja nošnje za svaki pojedini kraj, pa tako i za ovo područje u Vinodolu, koje uz ostale zajedničke karakteristike ima i svojih posebnosti u načinu oblačenja i izradi nošnje. Pri izradi nošnje upotrebljavali su se različiti materijali, od onih izrađenih vrijednim rukama vinodolskih žena tkanjem do industrijski izrađenih tkanina. Nažalost vrlo malo primjeraka starinske nošnje se očuvalo. Postoji tendencija da se ona obnovi, kako to najbolje pokazuje primjer vokalne skupine ”Vinodolke” iz Grižana, koje su obnovile nošnje kakve su se nekada nosile u ovom kraju. U radu, pisanom lokalnom griškom čakavštinom, detaljno se opisuje način tkanja robe, te vrste i nazivi dijelova nošnje, onako kako su ih nazivali u prošlosti: stomanja, fris, sarza, kiklja, kotiga i drugo. Prikazana je i obuća, pokrivalo za glavu te ženski nakit kao i muška nošnja s priborom kojeg su muškarci nekada nosili uzase.Pod utjecajem novih promjena u svijetu, pa i u stilu odijevanja, došlo je i ovdje do značajnih promjena u stilu oblačenja. Prihvaća se građanski način oblačenja i polako nestaje tradicionalne nošnje ovoga kraja.When describing the natural costumes of the Grižane-Belgrade area the author starts with the meaning of national costumes for each individual area, as well as the Vinodol area, that together with common characteristics has its own particularity in the way it was worn and the way it was made. Various materials were used to make the costumes – from those weaved with the hardworking hands of the Vinodol women to industrially made fabrics. Unfortunately very few samples of the old costumes have been saved. There is a tendency to revive them as is best shown by the singing group ”Vinodolski” from Grižane that revived the costumes as they were worn in this area years ago. In his paper, written in the local Grižane Chackavian dialect, he describes in detail the way the material was weaved as well as the old names of parts of the costumes: stomanja, fris, sarza, kiklja, kotiga1 and others. Shoes, women’s head covering, women’s jewellery, male costumes with accessories that men sometimes carried with them were shown. With the changes in the world that included the way people dress came major changes in the style of clothes worn. A city style of dressing was embraced that resulted in the disappearance of national costumes of this area
VILLAGES OF GRIŽANE AND BELGRAD THROUGH HISTORY
No full textGriško-Belgradski kraj čini sedamnaest sela sa zaselcima, od kojih je svako selo činilo malu zajednicu, najčešće od porodica istog prezimena, što ukazuje na njihovo nastajanje. Najviše prostora u članku pridaje se opisu kuća, njihove unutrašnjosti i bliže okoline, načina života, rada i odnosa u njima. Temelj ljudske zajednice bila je familija, sa sebi primjerenom strukturom
odnosa i ponašanja, obveza i prava. Prostorna slika ovog kraja zadržana je do danas, ali su nastupile velike promjene i to gotovo u svakom pogledu. Rad je pisan griško-belgradskim lokalnim govorom, te je zato u prilogu rječnik lokalnih izraza.The region of Grižane and Belgrad consists on seventeen villages and each of them constitutes a small community, mainly of families with the same surname, which indicates their provenience. This article concentrates on description of houses, their interior, gardens, ways of life, work and relations. The basis of this community was the family with a specific structure of relations and behaviour, duties and rights. The environmental picture of this region remained unchanged until today, although there were many changes in certain aspects. This article is written using the dialect of the mentioned region but has a vocabulary of local expressions
OLD PHRASES AND MESSAGES FROM THE GRUŠKO-BELGRAD REGION
No full textSa sin ovin ča san napisala želin približit simbolične poruke, ke su se nigda prebirale va von našen kraju, a puno od njih danas krase naš čakavski izražaj. Njihovi poruki neka i dalje živu, neka se ne zaborave, zač su njihove poruke vavik dobro prišle, samo jih moramo razumit pa te nas onda i puno toga poučt. I mene su jako zainteresirale, pa san, od 1991. do 2006. leta uspela prikupit se ovo ča san uspela zapisat.With all this that I wrote I want to bring closer the symbolic messages, which were once told in our region, and of which today many enrich our Chakavski dialect. Let their messages live on, let them not be forgotten, as they are forever useful. We must understand them and they will teach us a lot. They interested me much, so from 1991. to 2006. I managed to gather all this that I have written down
The Life of Women in Vinodol at the Beginning of the 20th Century from Weddings to the Upkeep of Families
No full textAutorica piše o životu žena u Vinodolskoj dolini početkom 20. stoljeća temeljeći svoj rad na osobnim sjećanjima i na predaji koju je u djetinjstvu, 1940-ih godina slušala od svojih starijih predaka i sumještana u svome rodnom mjestu Grižanama. U članku opisuje tradicionalne ženidbene običaje, od ugovaranja braka, do priprema za svadbu i same svadbene proslave. U drugome dijelu članka opisuje mnogobrojne obaveze udanih žena u domaćinstvu i na gospodarstvu, njihov svakodnevni težak fizički rad, jer su bile prisiljene obavljati i „muške“ poslove za vrijeme dok su im muževi veći dio godine bili na radu izvan mjesta. Žena je imala važnu ulogu u domaćinstvu unatoč tradicionalno podređenom položaju u odnosu na muškarca, u svim područjima života.
Unatoč brojnim i teškim poslovima koje je žena obavljala u kućanstvu i gospodarstvu njen doprinos se redovno umanjivalo i obezvrijeđivalo. Već se za vrijeme svadbe iskazivala veća važnost mladoženje i njegove obitelji time što je njegov rod zauzimao počasna mjesta za stolom bliže mladencima, dok je mladenkin rod sjedio na začelju stola. Djevojke su se u pravilu udavale malodobne, a već s dvadeset godina smatrane su prestarima i u toj dobi su tešlo nalazile ženika. Nakon vjenčanja mladenke su bile prisiljene preuzeti mnogobrojne dužnosti i poslove oko obitelji i imanja. Najčešće su bile premlade i bez iskustva pa su u početku pomagale svekrvi i od nje učile kućanske poslove i obiteljska pravila. Muškarci su već s proljećem odlazili na rad u druge sredine te se tek povremeno vraćali, a žene su ostajale same, rađale djecu, održavale imanje i obitelj koju su činila djeca i ostarjeli muževljevi roditelji te bile prisiljene podnositi sve teškoće života na selu. Novac su zarađivale prodavanjem svojih poljoprivrednih proizvoda u obližnoj Crikvenici, a skromnom zaradom pažljivo su gospodarile i kupovale samo najnužnije. Odjeću i obuću izrađivale su same, a isto tako su pripremale i miraz za svoje kćeri. Ovaj rad je mali prilog upoznavanju načina života žena u Vinodolu u nedavnoj prošlosti i donosi nekolikoj primjera iz života lokalne sredine mjesta Grižane. Obzirom da se radi o slojevitoj tematici koja do sada u ovom miljeu nije istraživana, smatramo da zahtijeva više pozornosti nego što pruža ovaj rad te da zaslužuje kompleksnije istraživanje i proučavaje. Osim opisa svadbenih običaja, ovdje je zabilježeno i nekoliko pjesama koje su se najčešće pjevale na svadbama, a naveden je i niz lokalnih naziva vezanih uz kućanstvo čime ovaj rad dopinosi dokumentiranju usmene tradicije Grižana.The author writes about the life of women in the Vinodol valley at the beginning of the 20th century, basing her work on personal memories and on the stories that she had heard during her childhood in the 1940s from her old ancestors and the local people in her home settlement of Grižane. In the article she describes the traditional wedding customs, from contract marriages, to the preparations for the wedding itself and the wedding celebrations. In the second part of the article she describes the numerous obligations of the married women in the household and the property, their arduous daily work, because they were also forced to do the “men’s” work because most of the year their husbands were working away from the village. The wife had an important role in the household despite their traditionally subordinate position compared to their husbands, in all areas of life.
Despite the numerous and difficult jobs that a woman carried in the household and the property her contribution was regularly diminished and devalued. Even at the time of the wedding, the greater importance of the bridegroom and his family was visible with the fact that his family took place of honour at the table closer to the young couple, whilst the bride’s family sat at the end of the table. The girls usually married very young, and by their 20s they were already consider too old, and at that age, it was difficult for them to find a groom. After the wedding the young brides were forced to take on many duties and tasks around the family and property. More often than not they were too young and inexperienced so at the beginning they helped their mother-in-law and from her they learnt their housekeeping jobs and family rules. With the spring the men would already have left to work in other regions and would only occasionally return, whilst the women would be left alone, bore the children, maintained the properties and families which consisted of the children and the aged parents of their husbands, and so they were forced to bear all the hardships of life in the country. They earnt money by selling their agricultural produce in nearby Crikvenica, but they carefully economised their modest income and they only bought the most necessary things. They made clothing and footwear themselves, and in the same way they also prepared their daughters' dowries. This paper is a small contribution to the way of life of the women in Vinodol in the recent past and contains several examples from the life of the local environment of the settlement of Grižane. Considering that it concerns layered themes that so far in this milieu have not been investigated, we believe that it requires more attention than this paper provides and that it deserves a more complex investigation and study.
Besides the description of the wedding customs, also noted here are several songs that were often sung at wedding celebrations, and also mentioned are a number of local names connected to the household with which this paper contributes to the documenting of the oral tradition of Grižane
S. M. Emila Barbarić, Katica Knezović, s. M. Vianeja Kustura (ur.), Zapaljena i goruća svjetiljka. Službenica Božja Marija Propetog Isusa Petković, Zagreb: Družba Kćeri milosrđa, Hrvatska provincija Krista Kralja, 1999., 256 str.
No full textSHOULD WE BE READING MLADEN BARBARIĆ’S MANUSCRIPTS?
No full textMladen Barbarić (1873-1936), born in Ilok, belonged to the Franciscan order and acted in accordance with his priestly duties as the abbot of Ilok’s Franciscan monastery, and was highly active in Ilok’s social life. Namely, at the begining of the 20th century, Barbarić founded a private, jolly society called »Tikvara«, which gathered reputable citizens of various trades from Ilok. This society was nominally based around fishing, but this wasn’t the case at all; its purpose was to allow its members to socialize. Their leisurely gatherings were further enriched with their own form of literary entertainment called Udica (fishhook); a magazine under the editorial purview of the abbot of Ilok’s Franciscan monastery, i.e. Mladen Barbarić himself. All of this is known from Barbarić’s autobiography, Tikvarija, which contains his memoirs as a manuscript, issues of Udica, and Barbarić’s handwritten poetry, dedicated to the so-called fisherman of Tikvara. The focus of this work is precisely those preserved manuscripts, which reveal a new side of Mladen Barbarić, who spent his leisurely afternoons having fun in good company, as well as his anacreontic handwritten poetry, which naturally alters our established views on the literary accomplishments of author from Srijem
