60 research outputs found
The Impact of Older Adult Relocation to Assisted Living on Quality of Life
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
This presentation describes potential positive impacts on quality of life that social participation and meaningful activity groups can have on residents during their transition to assisted living. Occupational therapists possess distinct expertise in facilitating engagement in these areas.
Primary Author and Speaker: Helene Lohman
Additional Authors and Speakers: Amy Pietro, Erin Gotschall, Kellie Thomen, Kate Tranel, Shara Luther</jats:p
Population genetics of herbicide resistance in waterhemp
No full textWaterhemp populations resistant to herbicides that inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) have been identified throughout the Midwest and the mechanism of resistance in populations from Illinois was previously determined to result from a 3 base pair deletion in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-encoding gene, PPX2. The deletion results in the loss of glycine at position 210 (ΔG210). While resistance is becoming more widespread and waterhemp is becoming more problematic in corn and soybean fields, little is known about waterhemp’s population genetics. The general purpose of this thesis was to gain insight into the population genetics of waterhemp resistant to PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Do all resistant populations have the same mechanism for resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides? How did resistance spread? Chapter One reviews the literature surrounding these important issues. Chapter Two discusses research that was done to determine if ∆G210, the previously identified mutation, is responsible for resistance in waterhemp populations outside of Illinois and examines the possible mechanisms for the spread of resistance. These studies revealed that ∆G210 is the only resistance mechanism identified thus far in waterhemp resistant to PPO-inhibitors and the mutation correlates highly with resistance. However, the mechanism of the spread of resistance is not as clear-cut. Genetic analysis did not distinguish whether independent evolution or gene flow was responsible for the spread of resistance, possible due to recombination within the PPX2 gene. Chapter Three discusses the development of a set of microsatellite markers for use in waterhemp population genetics. Although these markers were not useful in determining the spread of herbicide resistant waterhemp in Illinois, they could be useful in a variety of other population studies. The fourth and final chapter discusses concluding remarks, future research, and drawbacks.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2010-04-29T18:18:47Z
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Rules vs. Constraints: a Case Study
No full textIn this paper, I sketch a cross-theoretical comparison of the treatment of prefixal floating high tones in Mixteco (a language ofSouthern Mexico studied by Kenneth Pike in the 1930's and 40's), and argue in favor of Optimality Theory and violable universal constraints, as opposed to the more traditional derivational framework relying on language-specific rules and unviolable constraints.The traditional constraints/conventions of relevance here are the line-crossing constraint (LCC) and the universal association convention (UAC) automatically linking free tones to free anchors. The associative behavior of Mixteco's floating high tones is shown to violate these two purportedly unviolable constraints/conventions. Thus, the effect of the UAC is basically to parse free tones without disturbing anchored tones or toned anchors (exhaustive one-to-one tonal parsing), but the transparency of Mixteco's mid-tone vowels (viewed as phonologically toneless) to the association of floating high tones reveals that this effect may conflict with - and lose out to - other universal demands of a morphological and phonologicalnature (specifically, constraints on affixation and on the preservation of input tonal prominence profiles). Similarly, the LCC proves too powerful to explain the discriminating facts that Mixteco's medial glottal stops form a barrier to the association of floating high tones and thwart the transparency of mid-tone vowels (in accordance with the LCC under the assumption that high tones and glottal stops share a feature-geometric tier), but that initialglottal stops do not (in violation of the LCC). By contrast, a fundamental tenet of OT is that the power of universal constraints can be modulated (violability); in this case, the inadequately rigid LCC is essentially recast into more elementary and more malleable terms pertaining to Alignment Theory, Faithfulness Conditions, and Constraint Interaction.This paper was presented at the conference on Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods, held in Royaumont, France, June 19-21, 1995.The definitive version of this paper was published in Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods (1996
Subsegmental Parsing: Floating Features in Chaha and Yawelmani
No full textFloating features, which link to existing segments, and ghost or latent segments,such as the Slavic yers, which manifest themselves as independent segments when theyappear (Clements & Keyser (1983), Hyman (1985), Kenstowicz & Rubach (1987),Archangeli (1991), Tranel (1993), Szpyra (1992), Rubach (1993)), are considered to bedistinct entities whose differences correlate with the presence or absence of a root node.The definitive version of this paper was published in Phonology at Santa Cruz, vol. 3.Zoll, C. (1994). Segmental parsing: floating features in Chaha and Yawelmani.In J. Merchant, J. Padgett, & R. Walker (Eds.), Phonology at Santa Cruz, Vol. 3. Santa Cruz, Calif.: Syntax Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz
Non-target-site resistance to ALS inhibitors in waterhemp
No full textThe acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme, or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) enzyme, is an essential enzyme in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and is the target site of five families of herbicides referred to as ALS inhibitors. Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is considered one of the most problematic weeds in the Midwest cropping region. The evolution of herbicide resistance and multiple resistance mechanisms within the species is one of the major properties making it difficult to control, and ALS-resistant waterhemp populations have been found and studied considerably. A waterhemp population (designated MCR) from Illinois with resistance to HPPD and atrazine was found to segregate for both high and moderate levels of resistance to ALS inhibitors. Plants in this population with high-level resistance had the Trp574Leu ALS mutation, which is present in other waterhemp populations resistant to ALS inhibitors. Plants from the MCR population that showed only moderate levels of resistance to ALS inhibitors did not have this mutation. Thus, research was conducted to investigate the resistance mechanism in the waterhemp plants with moderate resistance to ALS-inhibitors. Plants with moderate resistance were crossed and the resulting progeny where characterized. Firstly the ALS gene of the progeny was sequenced and in vitro ALS enzyme assays were conducted, and results indicated that the plants lacked a target-site mutation. Secondly, a series of greenhouse dose-response experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance level across different chemical families of ALS-inhibitors. Thirdly, malathion, a cytochrome P450-inhibiting pesticide, was incorporated with ALS-inhibitor application to unveil the possible mechanism of resistance. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that both target-site-mutation-based and metabolism-based ALS resistance mediated by cytochrome P450s exist in the original MCR population.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-05-01T18:39:38Z
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Millionaire Model Dairy Farm Performance in Iowa, 2015
No full textA Millionaire Model Dairy Farm (MMDF) project was created by this author in the 1990’s. Its goal was to show beginning and transitioning dairy producers how to become “millionaires” by practicing a hybrid grazing and confinement operation within 25 years of a dairy career. It has been a very successful Extension program. In 2012, organic dairy producers were added and in 2015, conventional dairy producers were added to the data. Note the small number of herds in each data set may or may not be representative of an average of those types of farms.</p
Transforming a Milking Parlor at Low Cost—Developing Dairy in Iowa
No full textAs dairy operators look for ways to make milking easier, some may feel that a modern parlor is not within their budget. However, an up-to-date milking parlor can be an option for every Iowa dairy producer. With relatively lowcost remodeling and retrofitting, old stall barns and parlors can be cost effectively transformed into modern milking parlors when properly designed, installed, and operated. Iowa State University Dairy Extension has been a leader in this area, from many parlor tours and events to showcase options for dairy producers and the industry, to the development of excellent quality written and visual media to assess / properly construct a Trans Iowa Low Cost parlor. The goal of Trans Iowa Low Cost Parlor Design is to “transform” the dairy industry by making the milking parlor option available to every dairy operator’s budget situation. Information can be found at: http:// www.extension.iastate.edu/dairyteam, ISU Extension publication PM 2033, or contacting author.</p
Millionaire Model Dairy Farm Performance in Iowa, 2016
No full textA Millionaire Model Dairy Farm (MMDF) project was created by this author in the 1990’s. Its goal was to show beginning and transitioning dairy producers how to become “millionaires” within 25 years of a dairy career by practicing a hybrid grazing and confinement operation. It has been a very successful Extension program. In 2012, organic dairy producers were added and in 2015, conventional dairy producers were added to the data. In 2016, GrassMilk® or “no-grain” farms were separated into their own data set due to their competitive profitability with the Higher Profit farms. Note the small number of herds in each data set may or may not be representative of an average of those types of farms. Bottom line is that all four systems studied can be profitable. It is the opinion of this author that, in all of the systems, the labor efficiency is key to profit success, even more so than milk production per cow. It is hoped this study will assist current and aspiring dairy producers, in any of the systems, to analyze and benchmark their dairy operations to better plan for future profits. Thanks to a Risk Management Education (RME) Competitive Grant, ISU Extension and Outreach has created a 2016 comparative analysis of the following four MMDF systems: 1) 5 Conventional Dairy Farms (CONV)—milking an average of 284 cows and operating 652 acres. These farms tend to house cows in a confinement freestall facility year-round. 2) 4 Hybrid Grazing Dairy Farms (HGRAZ)—milking an average of 179 cows and operating 216 acres. These farms graze 6-8 months of the year but house cows in a freestall facility as desired. 3) 8 Organic Grazing Dairy Farms (ORG)—milking an average of 78 cows and operating 319 acres. These farms graze 6-8 months of the year and have facilities ranging from tie-stall to freestall barns. 4) 3 Organic, No-Grain Farms (ORG-NG)—milking an average of 77 cows and operating 245 acres. These farms graze 6-9 months of the year, feed a “no-grain” diet and house cows like the other organic farms. Profitability was determined based on a combination of the following measures: 1)return to unpaid labor per hour 2)cost of milk production per cwt equivalent (cwt eq) 3)rate of return on assets For each of the MMDF systems, the data was analyzed into both an Average group and a Higher Profit group. The Averages of each MMDF system are displayed in Table 1 (page 4) while the Higher Profit farms for each MMDF system are displayed in Table 2 (page 5).</p
Characterization of the sex chromosomes in spinach
No full textPlant sex chromosomes have evolved from the autosomes of hermaphroditic species to maintain dioecy. The major barriers to sex chromosome characterization have been the inherent difficulties of working with a non-recombining sex determining region that make sequencing and mapping the Male-Specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) painstaking. Here we use YY spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to characterize the MSY and the X-specific region of the X chromosome. A screen of 395 accessions in the USDA germplasm collection found a single accession that segregates YY progeny. The YY genotype was verified by a genetic cross and a novel X-specific marker. Potential novel X-specific sequences were found by depth of coverage analysis comparing alignments of male and female sequences to an XX reference. Of the 19 candidates found by depth of coverage, only one was verified as X-specific. The marker SpoX amplifies products from XX and XY but not YY templates. Pooled genomic DNA of 16 YY individuals selected by SpoX was sequenced at 63X using PacBio. Sequence data was assembled into an 823 Mbp assembly using CANU so the YY assembly could be compared to a 911 Mbp XX assembly. Seven genes that were non-repetitive sequences were found on a 1.14 X-specific contig from the XX assembly, and were queried by BLAST to the YY assembly to find their MSY homologs, which totaled 427 kb of novel Y chromosome sequence. On the Y contigs, the percentage uncovered by female k-mers decreased from 9.5% to 0.6% between positions 65.8 Mbp and 66.7 Mbp on the X chromosome, indicating that it is the location of one of the boundaries of the non-recombining region. The discovery of an accession which reliably segregates YY plants makes for unprecedented opportunity to study X and Y chromosomes in spinach. By comparing YY and XX genomes, the genomic basis of X and Y chromosome differentiation and evolution that gave rise to dioecy can be elucidated.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, William Wadlington, accepted the attached license on 2017-06-16 at 16:43.The student, William Wadlington, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-06-16 at 16:51.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-06-19 at 13:46.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11233 on 2017-09-29 at 10:45:55Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T17:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Understanding the genetic basis of dioecy in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) and palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01Amaranthus tuberculatus and Amaranthus palmeri are two of the most agronomically important weeds in the American Midwest. The over-dependence upon chemical control of these weeds has led to the evolution of resistance to many commonly used herbicides across multiple modes of action, including herbicides that target protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). The rapid evolution of these resistance mechanisms necessitates investigation of novel weed control strategies to supplement chemical control methods. One such method for dioecious weeds may include a genetic control strategy, where manipulation of sex-ratios artificially increases the proportion of males within a population to the point of collapse due to lack of seed producers. Chapter 1 includes a literature review of the biology of A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri, PPO-inhibitor resistance, dioecy in plants, and a brief summary of gene-drive technology which could be used to implement such a genetic control strategy. Chapter 2 focuses on the isolation of the recently discovered G399A PPO2 substitution, which confers resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides in A. palmeri. Our results allow future studies to examine G399A in planta without the influence of any secondary mechanisms of resistance. Chapter 3 begins our investigation of dioecy within A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri. Here, we identify genomic sequences associated with maleness through a genome-wide association study approach in both species. Results confirm males to be the heterogametic sex, allow for predictions of the size of the male-specific Y (MSY) region, and identify markers to be used in future mapping studies to identify this MSY region in each species. Chapter 4 reports whole-genome assemblies of A. tuberculatus, A. palmeri, and Amaranthus hybridus. Pac-Bio and chromatin conformation capture sequence allowed for the assembly and ordering of contigs to form a near-chromosomal-level of the A. palmeri genome. For the two remaining species, we adapted a trio binning technique, which entailed the sequencing of an interspecific cross and the subsequent separation of haplotypes. These haplotypes were assembled independently to produce two genomes for the price of one. Chapter 5 is aimed at using the previously developed markers for maleness and reference genomes to identify candidate MSY regions in A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri. We identify one contiguous region believed to be the A. palmeri MSY region and several contigs that are hypothesized to be contained within the A. tuberculatus MSY region. The sixth and final chapter includes concluding remarks and future research objectives. These findings lay the groundwork for future studies to understand the mechanism of sex-determination in these species and may allow for the development of a novel genetic weed control strategy.The student, Jacob Montgomery, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-13 at 14:22.The student, Jacob Montgomery, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-05-13 at 14:30.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-05-14 at 16:45.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15382 on 2020-08-25 at 17:31:25Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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