4 research outputs found
Protection and Awareness Against Child Abuse
No full textIn Pakistan, child abuse has risen alarmingly, i.e., 30% of cases from 2020-2021 statistics.1 WHO comprehensively drafts the definition as, "Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship or responsibilities, trust or power." There is an urgent need to address these issues in the prevention, psychotherapeutic treatment and rehabilitation of such victims and suffering. On the contrary, there will be a scary consequence. According to WHO, about 1 billion old children (2-17 years) across the globe are subjected to physical, sexual, or emotional harm by their caregivers or strangers Violence or abuse does not have boundaries of country, religion, class, or gender.2 At the same time, the related stigma keeps it underreported. Every year, around 500 million children suffer from abuse. In the USA, more than 3 million cases are reported, causing 2000 deaths and 18000 permanent disabilities, the victim results every year. The count for sexually molested girls is 1 in 4, and for boys, it is 1 in 7.3 In New Delhi, Child abuse is 8 in 10 kids, whereas boys (7 in 10 kids) are more vulnerable than girls (6.5 in 10 kids).4 The percentage of sexual abuse in India is 52% only admitted patients annually, whereas statistics for unreported and other molestation are unknown.5 In Sri Lanka, more than 40000 children were involved in prostitution, where children are used by paedophile sex tourists.6
In an unofficial report, every year, somewhat 15-20% of children are sexually abused in Pakistan. According to an NGO, there is a rise of 2 to 10 reported cases of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) per day in the upcoming year, whereas the actual numbers would be much higher because CSA is culturally veiled. They documented that both genders were equally victimized, although 0-5 years of CSA victims were mostly boys. The perpetrators included close family ties and acquaintances, marking an increase in per year cases reported. Out of a total 3852 number of CSA cases, 2211 (51%) were from Punjab. A total number of 92 cases were reported murder after the assault.7
According to the latest study, the amygdala in the brain shrinks with repeated trauma, resulting in delayed learning abilities and deficient memory.8 Depression, isolation, and delinquency are a few more to enumerate. There are physical, behavioural and emotional indicators of abuse that a physician must be able to identify, address and refer to a psychologist for professional treatment. The prevention measures of awareness, training for parenting, character building of parents and psychological treatment can prevent and decrease a victim’s suffering. The only way to prevent CSA is to educate and spread awareness against this act on two levels. One is educating parents and teachers, and the other is making the child aware of the good and bad touch. In this regard, the PAAC group has worked. They have prepared useful brochures to protect the child from encountering the issue. The whole structure of society needs renovation, and the best renovation is building attributes based on the psychological training present in the seerah of the Prophet (SAW) and his companions
Swarm intelligence application for optimization of CO2 diffusivity in polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SEBS) foaming
No full textPositivity of Lumbar Puncture for Acute Bacterial Meningitis among Children Presenting with First Febrile Seizure
No full textOBJECTIVES:
To determine the frequency of lumber puncture-proven acute bacterial meningitis among children with fever and seizures of first onset.METHODOLOGY
From March 2020 to March 2021, a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the paediatrics department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. The sample size for a total of 342 people was estimated using WHO software. The study included all children who had first-onset febrile seizures through OPD and the emergency department. All children underwent lumber punctures using a stringent aseptic procedure, and the hospital laboratory received the samples to look for bacterial meningitis. On a pre-made Proforma, details including name, age, and gender were entered. The gathered data were input into the computer for additional SPSS analysis (version 23).RESULTS
Most individuals were male and were lies in the 21-40 months of age group. Mean weight and length/height were evaluated, respectively. The majority had a history of 6-10 days of disease duration. Bacterial meningitis was found significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, gender and neurological deficit, while non-significantly (p>0.05) associated with the duration of diseases.CONCLUSION
All children between the ages of 6 months and 60 months who presented with episodes of fever and seizures were found to have a statistically significant (p<0.05) association found among bacterial meningitis and age groups
Hypovitaminosis D Causing Idiopathic Musculoskeletal Pain in Children
No full textOBJECTIVES
To determine the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children presenting with Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain IMSP).
METHODOLOGY
The cross-sectional research was carried out at Peshawar’s Hayatabad Medical Complex’s Department of Pediatrics. The study duration was 6 months. The study comprised 151 patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain who were tested for vitamin D levels to diagnose hypovitaminosis.
RESULTS
The age range of the participants was 3 to 15 years with a male predominance of 72.8%. The sample’s average the weight was above the 25 percentile. Hypovitaminosis D was found in 23.2%. Decreased sun exposure was documented in 82.85% of cases with hypovitaminosis. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and increased alkaline phosphatase were documented in 71.4%, 11.4% and 42.8% participants respectively with hypovitaminosis.
CONCLUSION
Hypovitaminosis D Is one of the risk factors for non-specific musculoskeletal pain but the current study revealed only 23.2% of participants had hypovitaminosis and inadequate sun exposure was a major risk factor for hypovitaminosis
