18 research outputs found
Thermodynamically driven: Syn -selective vinylogous aldol reaction of tetronamides
Get PDFA stereoselective vinylogous aldol reaction of N-monosubstituted tetronamides with aldehydes is described. The procedure is simple and scalable, works well with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and affords mainly the corresponding syn-aldol adducts. In many cases, the latter are obtained essentially free of their anti-isomers (dr > 99:1) in high yields (70-90%). Experimental and computational studies suggest that the observed diastereoselectivity arises through anti-syn isomer interconversion, enabled by an iterative retro-aldol/aldol reaction.Fil: Karak, Milandip. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Luiz C. A.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Viçosa; BrasilFil: Acosta, Jaime A. M.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Sarotti, Ariel Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Boukouvalas, John. Laval University; Canad
Natural Rubrolides and Their Synthetic Congeners as Inhibitors of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
No full textRubrolides are a family of naturally occurring 5-benzylidenebutenolides, which generally contain brominated phenol groups, and nearly half of them also present a chlorine attached to the butenolide core. Seven natural rubrolides were previously synthesized. When these compounds were tested against the model plant Raphanus sativus, six were found to exert a slight inhibition on plant growth. Aiming to exploit their scaffold as a model for the synthesis of new compounds targeting photosynthesis, nine new rubrolide analogues were prepared. The synthesis was accomplished in 2-4 steps with a 10-39% overall yield from 3,4-dichlorofuran-2(5H)-one. All compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the whole Hill reaction or excluding photosystem I (PSI). Several natural rubrolides and their analogues displayed good inhibitory potential (IC50 = 2-8 μM). Molecular docking studies on the photosystem II-light harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII supercomplex) binding site were also performed. Overall, data support the use of rubrolides as a model for the development of new active principles targeting the photosynthetic electron transport chain to be used as herbicides
Reação viníloga-aldol estereosseletiva de tetronamidas e síntese de rubrolídeos e butenolídeos beta-substituídos
No full textButenolides are α, -unsaturated lactone and are found in many natural and unnatural products with diverse biological properties. Owing to the prevalence of the substituted butenolides, much effort has been directed towards developing efficient methodologies for their synthesis and transformations. Among them, stereoselective access of the -substituted butenolide derivatives by utilizing the concept of vinylogy, which usually involves the carbon– carbon formation with an appropriate electrophile at the -position of butenolides, has triggered increasing interest. This thesis presents an efficient, simple, scalable and direct stereoselective vinylogous aldol reaction (VAR) of -aminosubstituted butenolides (tetronamides) with aldehydes. In addition, this thesis also describes the total syntheses of butenolide core bearing marine natural metabolites, rubrolides by using a highly regioselective late-stage bromination from appropriate intermediates, and apprises a facile reductive dehalogenation of α-halo- -substituted butenolides. An introduction to the general background, including versatile synthetic strategies, total syntheses, and biological properties of substituted butenolides is documented in Chapter 1. It is followed by an illustration of selected methods for construction of the butenolide core. Also discussed are the various methods for preparation of some selected natural products which either possess a butenolide core or synthesized from butenolide building blocks. Finally, some synthetic butenolide derivatives are described which are recently marketed as either medicines or agrochemicals. The results of the stereoselective VAR of tetronamides are compiled in Chapter 2. The described procedure, is simple and scalable, works well with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and affords mainly the corresponding syn-aldol adducts. In many cases, the latter are obtained essentially free of their anti-isomers in high yields. A detailed computational study was also carried out to establish the reaction mechanism. The experimental and computational studies suggest that the observed diastereoselectivity arises through anti–syn isomer interconversion, enabled by an iterative retro-aldol/aldol reaction. In Chapter 3, the crystal structures of several tetronamide aldol products with two stereocenters are described. Those compounds revealed conformational and supramolecular trends with the substitution pattern of a side aromatic/ heteroaromatic ring. The major contribution of this study concerns the control over the molecular conformation of tetronamide aldolates bearing several rotatable bonds and the high conformational freedom through the substitution pattern of a single ring. The first total syntheses of the marine natural products rubrolides I and O and some of their unnatural congeners are reported in Chapter 4. A versatile late-stage bromination strategy allowed functionalization of the aromatic rings in a highly regioselective fashion, enabling rapid access to the target rubrolides from common precursors. Next, the regioselective chlorination was also applied to the preparation of biologically important synthetic analogous of rubrolides from easily accessible precursors. In Chapter 5, a binary palladium catalyzed reductive dehalogenation of α-halo- -substituted butenolides is documented. The synthetic procedure allowed rapid access to the -substituted butenolides under mild conditions with high yields and excellent regioselectivity. In addition, a protecting group free step-economical synthesis of rubrolides E, F and γ”-bromorubrolide F has been reported by employing this protocol.Os butenolídeos, que apresentam em sua estrutura o núcleo lactona α, -insaturada, são encontrados em produtos naturais e não naturais com diversas propriedades biológicas. Devido à prevalência dos butenolídeos substituídos, muitos esforços têm sido direcionados para explorar metodologias eficientes para suas sínteses e transformações. Entre elas, o acesso estereosseletivo dos derivados de butenolídeos -substituídos utilizando o conceito de vinilogia, o qual envolve a formação de ligação carbono-carbono com um eletrófilo apropriado na posição do butenolídeo, tem provocado um interesse crescente. Portanto, esta tese apresenta uma reação aldólica viníloga estereosseleva (VAR) eficiente, simples, escalável e diretamente estereosseletiva de butenolídeos -amino-substituídos (tetronamidas) com aldeídos. Esta tese também descreve as sínteses totais de butenolídeos contendo metabólitos naturais marinhos rubrolídeos pela bromação altamente regiosseletiva de fase tardia a partir de intermediários apropriados. Além disso, a tese inclui uma desalogenação redutiva de butenolídeos α-halo- -substituídos sob condições suaves com rendimentos elevados e regiosseletivos. Uma introdução ao contexto geral, incluindo estratégias sintéticas versáteis, sínteses totais e propriedades biológicas dos butenolídeos substituídos estão documentadas na seção: Capítulo 1. Sendo seguida por uma ilustração dos métodos selecionados para a construção do núcleo de butenolídeos. São também discutidos os vários métodos para a preparação de alguns produtos naturais selecionados que possuem o núcleo de butenolídeo ou sintetizados a partir de butenolídeos que atuam como “building blocks”. Finalmente, foram descritos alguns butenolídeos sintéticos que são comercializados como medicamentos ou agroquimicos recentemente. Os resultados da VAR estereosseletiva de tetronamidas estão apresentatos no Capítulo 2. O procedimento descrito, simples e escalável, funciona bem com aldeídos aromáticos e alifáticos, proporcionando principalmente os adutos correspondentes de syn-aldol. Em muitos casos, estes últimos são obtidos isentos dos seus isômeros anti com rendimentos elevados. Foi também realizado um estudo computacional detalhado. Os estudos experimentais e computacionais sugerem que a diastereosseletividade observada surge através da interconversão do isômero anti-syn, através da reação reversível retro-aldólica. No Capítulo 3, as estruturas cristalinas de alguns produtos aldólicos de tetronamida com dois estereocentros foram descritos. Os compostos relacionados revelaram tendências conformacionais e supramoleculares com padrões de substituição do anel aromático/heteroaromático. Tais tendências foram racionalizadas com base nos perfis energéticos dos principais confôrmeros. A principal contribuição deste estudo refere-se ao controle sobre a conformação molecular de tetronamidas que apresentam várias ligações que permitem giros, além da elevada liberdade conformacional através do padrão de substituição de um único anel. As primeiras sínteses totais de produtos naturais marinhos, os rubrolídeos I e O e alguns de seus derivados não naturais são relatadas no Capítulo 4. Uma versátil estratégia de bromação na última etapa permitiu a funcionalização dos anéis aromáticos de maneira altamente regiosseletiva, permitindo o acesso rápido aos alvos, rubrolídeos, a partir de precursores comuns. Posteriormente, a cloração regiosselectiva foi também aplicada à preparação de análogos sintéticos biologicamente importantes a partir de precursores facilmente acessíveis. No Capítulo 5, foi relatado a desalogenação redutiva catalisada por paládio binário de butenolídeos α-halo- -substituídos. O procedimento sintético permitiu o acesso rápido aos butenolídeos substituídos sob condições suaves, com rendimentos elevados e excelente regiosseletividade. Além disso, uma nova proposta para a síntese dos rubrolídeos E, F e composto com a estrutura correspondente à descrita para 3"-bromorubrolídeo F de ocorrência natural utilizando este mesmo protocolo.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Mechanistic Developments and Next Generation Catalysts for the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction
No full textLipid II unlocked: strategies for obtaining a major antibiotic target
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global concern. It caused nearly five million deaths in 2019 and is projected to be responsible for up to ten million annually by 2050. A deeper understanding of how antibiotics interact with their molecular targets is essential to addressing this threat, as it can facilitate rational drug design. One major antibiotic target is lipid II, a highly conserved and essential precursor in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. As the final monomeric intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, lipid II has become an important target for antibiotic discovery. However, accessing lipid II remains technically challenging. In this review, we examine the three main strategies used to obtain lipid II: direct extraction from bacteria, enzymatic or chemoenzymatic assembly using purified or partially purified biosynthetic machinery, and total chemical synthesis. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each method, scalability, and structural control, and highlight notable approaches that are expanding the accessibility of lipid II and its analogues. These advances are critical not only for antibiotic research but also for understanding bacterial physiology at the molecular level.<br/
Palladium-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of butenolides: An efficient and sustainable access to β-arylbutenolides
No full textSeveral α-unsubstituted β-arylbutenolides have been prepared in 69–92% yield by reductive dehalogenation of α-halo-β-arylbutenolides. The latter were assembled in a single-step from α,β-dihalobutenolides, which are accessible on a large-scale from biomass-derived furfural. Our dehalogenation protocol is illustrated by a new synthesis of the marine antibiotics rubrolide E and F, and 3″-bromorubrolide F
Novel synthetic strategies towards analogues of cadaside and malacidin antibiotic peptides
No full textWith antibiotic resistance becoming an increasingly pressing issue, the search for novel antimicrobial drugs is more important than ever before. The recently discovered calcium-dependent lipopeptides cadaside A/B and malacidin A/B have promising activity against resistant Gram-positive bacteria. With limited reports of synthetic routes towards these peptides available in the literature, especially for cadasides, we herein report a novel on-resin synthesis strategy. We used this strategy to produce fifteen simplified malacidin and cadaside analogues. In addition, both minimum inhibitory concentration and thin layer chromatography assays were conducted to determine antimicrobial activity and advance our understanding of these peptides’ structure–activity relationships
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamically Driven, syn‐Selective Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of Tetronamides.
No full text1,2-<i>trans</i> Glycosylation via Neighboring Group Participation of 2‑<i>O</i>‑Alkoxymethyl Groups: Application to One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
No full textThe use of 2-O-alkoxymethyl
groups as effective
stereodirecting substituents for the construction of 1,2-trans glycosidic linkages is reported. The observed stereoselectivity
arises from the intramolecular formation of a five-membered cyclic
architecture between the 2-O-alkoxymethyl substituent
and the oxocarbenium ion, which provides the expected facial selectivity.
Furthermore, the observed stereocontrol and the extremely high reactivity
of 2-O-alkoxymethyl-protected donors allowed development
of a one-pot sequential glycosylation strategy that should become
a powerful tool for the assembly of oligosaccharides
