6 research outputs found
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Incorporating Sustainability and Resilience to Disruption in a Supply Chain Performance Measurement System
No full textA Resilient-Sustainable Supply Chain (RSSC) is a supply chain that has the capacity to detect, resist, and cope with unexpected disruptions while managing resources efficiently to strike a balance between profitability, environmental impact, and social welfare across the supply chain. However, there is a significant gap in studies that examine resilience and sustainability concurrently within a supply chain context. Furthermore, it is noted that the performance measures and concepts contributing to the development of an RSSC lack clarity and merit further exploration to identify their interdependencies. To this end, this research conducted a systematic literature review that identified nine characteristics of a RSSC: flexibility, agility, transparency, collaboration, information sharing, innovation, reengineering, supply chain risk management culture, and top management support. A conceptual framework was created by examining the interdependencies and interrelationships among these characteristics. This has enabled the categorisation of these characteristics into capabilities (flexibility, agility, transparency, and collaboration), enablers (information sharing, innovation, and reengineering), and moderators (supply chain risk management culture and top management support). This framework extends the current understanding of SCPM systems by identifying the strategic level measures that are concurrent in resilience and sustainability. The framework also contributes to the field of SCM where the categorisation of the characteristics as enablers, moderators and capabilities extends the understanding of the interconnected roles played by them in simultaneously developing resilience and sustainability in a SC context.
However, resilience and sustainability within a supply chain context are recognised to have contradictory and complementary relationships, which give rise to trade-offs and synergies. To effectively develop a Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chain (RSSC) through the application of the conceptual framework, it is essential to identify these trade-offs and synergies. To this end, this research has developed a Resilience and Sustainability Evaluator Tool (ReSET). This tool has the potential to enable practitioners to concurrently evaluate the impact of strategic decisions on resilience and sustainability. By using simulation, ReSET facilitates the identification of how strategic decisions affect aspects of resilience and sustainability. The study also designed an interrelationship matrix that allows for the analysis and interpretation of the identified impacts of operational level performance measures on the aspects of resilience (anticipation, resistance, response & recovery) as well as sustainability (environmental, social, and economic) concurrently. The simulation results are utilised in conjunction with the interrelationship matrix to assess the impact of strategic decisions on resilience and sustainability through the lens of operational level measures. This tool makes a contribution to the area of SCPM systems by providing a novel approach to linking strategic decisions with SC performance through the lens of resilience and sustainability.
A discrete event simulation model of a bottle supply chain (BottleSC) was developed. Additionally, a set of strategic decisions was designed to represent the characteristics identified for a Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chain (RSSC) in the conceptual framework. These strategic decisions were then modelled following scenarios using simulation. By deploying the ReSET, this research identified the trade-offs and synergies that emerge when the characteristics of a RSSC are implemented as SC strategic decisions. These trade-offs and synergies contribute to SCM by identifying avenues for concurrently developing resilience and sustainability by enhancing the synergies and managing the trade-offs.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in the relevant field to validate the methods, processes, and findings of the research. While the interviews validated the research, the recommendation also identified that the scope of the results concerning the trade-offs and synergies between resilience and sustainability required additional confirmation to ensure generalisability. To this end, a second discrete event simulation model was developed for a strawberry supply chain (StrawSC). The findings from this model supported those from the manufacturing supply chain model (BottleSC). Through these findings, this study further emphasises the trade-offs and synergies that exist between resilience and sustainability. Understanding these trade-offs and synergies will allow practitioners to enhance resilience and sustainability in their supply chains simultaneously
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Balanced Scorecard on incorporating sustainability, resilience and the use of analytics
No full textPurpose
The Balanced Scorecard framework has been extensively researched and criticised in the literature with performance measures designed and categorised within four key categories: financial; customer-facing; internal business; and innovation and learning performance measures. The aim of this paper is to take a critical view of how measures intended to capture concepts of sustainability, resilience and the use of analytics have been captured when a balanced scorecard approach is applied in practice.
Research Approach
To carry out this study, a critical evaluation of current literature dealing with issues of sustainability, resilience, and the use of analytics and how they have been captured within the design of the balanced scorecard framework is considered. The balanced scorecard framework has been applied to several case studies, where this review is carried out based on a set of published case studies from several industries. This is with the view that various practical applications reveal gaps and offer opportunities for further improvements.
Findings and Originality
This work takes a critical view on how aspects of sustainability, resilience and the use of analytics are being captured in the design of a balanced scorecard framework and is able to detail from a number of examples, performance measures that can form part of the balanced scorecard framework under each set category. Performance measures on sustainability, resilience and the use of analytics are categorised following the four dimensions of the balanced scorecard framework with gaps and potential for further improvement being clearly identified.
Research Impact
This work brings theoretical contributions to the field of performance measures and balanced scorecard framework design and highlights a set of research gaps.
Practical Impact
This paper offers practical impact by highlighting challenges when dealing with sustainability, resilience and the use of analytics that can be incorporated within a balanced scorecard framework
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Performance measurement of a resilient-sustainable supply chain using a discrete event simulation model
No full textThis study aims to design a Supply Chain Performance Measurement (SCPM) framework for a Resilient-Sustainable Supply Chain (RSSC) to understand the trade-offs between resilience and sustainability. A Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model representing a dyadic SC consisting of a supplier, manufacturer and retailer is built using the software package Simul8. Further, three scenarios are designed to represent a RSSC's capabilities: flexibility, agility, transparency and collaboration. The scenarios are run for one year to analyse the trade-offs between various aspects of resilience (anticipation, resistance, and response & recovery) and sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) analysed and presented in this paper
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Making the case for designing a supply chain performance measurement system incorporating resilience and sustainability
No full textPurpose- Research that considers resilience and sustainability concurrently in the context of Supply Chain Performance Measurement (SCPM) systems are rare. Despite it being accepted that for supply chain performance measurements to be effective it needs to go beyond the purely economic measures such as quality, time, and cost. SCPM systems that go past this to incorporate measures of resilience and sustainability have become essential in the current business environment. This study aims to identify gaps that exist in supply chain performance measurement systems that incorporate resilience and sustainability.
Research Approach- A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been conducted on supply chain performance measurement systems linked to the measurement of resilience and sustainability. Peer-reviewed academic journals published in the period 1998 to March 2023 are collated from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Research content analysis is used to analyse the publications.
Findings- This study identified flexibility, collaboration and transparency as measures that overlap between resilience and sustainability within the included papers. Among these, only collaboration is considered an overlapping measure of sustainability and resilience within the same SCPM system. Hence, more measures that overlap between resilience and sustainability need to be identified, while integrating them into the same SCPM system.
Research Impact- The findings of this study demonstrate that despite increased interest in resilience and sustainability performance evaluation in supply chains, the overlapping measures need to be further studied with an aim of understanding the interaction and interconnections between resilience and sustainability.
Practical Impact- Understanding these trade-offs and synergies between the various supply chain measures will allow organisations to better understand, measure and improve sustainability and resilience.
Originality/Value- This is one of the first systematic literature reviews on supply chain performance measurement systems that concurrently look at resilience and sustainabilit
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Demystifying the Fruit and Vegetables Supply Chain complexities
No full textPurpose
Many global businesses have recently experienced severe supply chain disruptions, which have brought new challenges, complexities and understanding of the need to restructure the operations of our supply chains. This calls for deeper inquiries into how supply chains, and more specifically food supply chains, are formed, structured and designed, what level of flexibility and responsiveness is currently considered within these chains, and what opportunities are there for further developing sustainable and resilient operations.
The food supply chain, is key for human survival, therefore needs to be sustainable and resilient, bringing minimum impact on the environment it operates in, leading to social development and innovation, and being financially viable. Building on such aspirations, this paper aims to take a closer look at supply chain design by analysing the Fruit & Vegetables (F&V) supply chain from the point of its origin to the final destination.
Fruit and vegetables are crucial to the human diet, with health organisations like the World Health Organization (WHO) recommending a minimum daily intake of 400 grams per person to promote overall health. Perishability is a key factor in the fruit and vegetables sector, and it increases the importance of effective planning and management. Each year, over two billion tonnes of fruits and vegetables are produced worldwide, which is enough to meet the global recommendations. However, nearly half of these perishable goods are lost or wasted, with 22% lost in the supply chain after harvest and during distribution (Moraes et al., 2020). As a result, the availability of F&V is insufficient to meet the global demand for healthy and sustainable diets for everyone.
Design/ methodology/ approach
Given the complexity of F&V supply chains and their potential similarities, this paper analyses the supply chain of F&V by answering the question RQ: How can resilience and sustainability in the F&V supply chains be built by drawing on FSC complexities and opportunities for innovation? To do so, the case of F&V supply chain is analysed from their typical structure by taking a detailed look at the level of complexity. A supply chain complexity framework is proposed for this analysis, detailing implications for resilience and sustainability together with opportunities for innovation. The framework of supply chain complexity (Tipi, 2021) brings in characteristics such as the number of entities in the chain, the types of interactions, the predetermined attributes, the way in which a chain is evolving, together with operations complexity (suppliers, producers, transporters, warehouse, retailers), and consumer expectations.
Findings
Findings highlight patterns for each of the selected supply chains, propose actions to overcome challenges in the face of complexity and innovative solutions for the operations of these chains. The resilience and sustainability of these supply chains are vital as they support the year-round availability and affordability of a wide range of fruits and vegetables, which are integral to a healthy diet and the economy.
The complexity of F&V supply chains can escalate at each tier, as illustrated in Figure 1 (based on various studies as detailed in the figure’s source). There are a number of stakeholders that form part of the chain (suppliers, farmers, growers, transporters, wholesalers, warehouses, processing facilities, retailers, open markets, and consumers), as well as each case brings new complexities in operation that may impact F&V to reach their destination in a short period of time while preserving their quality and freshness.
In some instances, fresh produce that does not meet the standards for fresh sale is redirected as inputs for processing; however, in many other cases, this becomes waste. Another factor to consider is that, although government regulatory bodies influence all supply chain stakeholders, they are especially important before exportation, as they must approve F&V's sanitary and phytosanitary conditions.
Value
This work brings insights into how supply chain complexity (through innovation and challenges) could benefit the F&V supply chain by incorporating elements of resilience and sustainability in operations. The developed analysis framework can be used to a range of different supply chains.
Research implications
In exploring the broad scope of supply chain complexity to build resilience and sustainability operations (Pereira & Yurt, 2024), a research agenda is developed that points out avenues where future studies could investigate different perspectives and opportunities that F&V supply chains could potentially bring to theory and practice.
References
Fernandez-Stark, K., Bamber, P., & Gereffi, G. (2011). The Fruit and Vegetables Global Value Chain: Economic Upgrading and Workforce Development, Duke 100, Available at: scholars.duke.edu/publications/1609371
Frankowska, A., Jeswani, H. K., & Azapagic, A. (2019). Environmental impacts of vegetables consumption in the UK. Science of The Total Environment, 682, 80-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.424
Moraes, C.C., Costa, F.H.O., Pereira, C.R., Silva, A.L. & Delai, I. (2020). Retail food waste: mapping causes and reduction practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120124
Munhoz, J. R., & Morabito, R. (2014). Optimization approaches to support decision making in the production planning of a citrus company: A Brazilian case study. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 107, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2014.05.016
Nature Food (2022). Innovation in fruit and vegetable supply chains, NatureFood, 3, 387–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00548-1
Pereira, C. & Yurt, O. (2024) Achieving Resilience in the Service Supply Chains: The role of procurement. Palgrave Studies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management (PSLSCM). Edited by Martin Christopher and Emel Aktas, p.113.
Spiker, M. L., Welling, J., Hertenstein, D., Mishra, S., Mishra, K., Hurley, K. M., Neff, R. A., Fanzo, J., & Lee, B. Y. (2023). When increasing vegetable production may worsen food availability gaps: A simulation model in India. Food Policy, 116, 102416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102416
Tipi, N. (2021) Supply Chain Analytics and Modelling, Kogan Page 2021.
Vicario, D.R., Holman, I., Sutcliffe, C. et al. (2023). Synergies and trade-offs in drought resilience within a multi-level UK food supply chain. Reg Environ Change, 23, 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-023-02046-x
Acknowledgements: This research has been supported by the Open Societal Challenges, project OSC13
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Ground Effect on the FV Aircraft: Influence of Ground Effect on the Flying V Aircraft
No full textIn order to meet the growing market demands of quieter, more aerodynamically efficient aircrafts, manufacturers constantly strive to innovate and optimize their designs. Over the years however, the extent of innovation related to the conventional 'tubular fuselage' configurations have somewhat reached a stalemate as the gains obtained have only been marginal. It is for this reason, there has off-late been a surge in research pertaining to unconventional aircraft design and configurations. The Flying V (FV) is one such alternative that was conceptualized by J. Benad at TU Berlin along with the Future Projects Office (FPO) at Airbus Operations GmbH in Hamburg. Results obtained from past studies show a 25% improvement in the lift to drag ratio of the FV as compared to the NASA Common Research Model (CRM), which was set as the basis of comparison for a fixed wing aircraft configuration. So far, aerodynamic studies have only focused on the cruise performance of the FV without any emphasis on its low speed behavior. Conventional aircrafts use high lift devices like flaps and slats to improve stability and increase the amount of lift its wings produce at lower speeds. The FV however, has no such high lift device and solely relies on the lift produced by its wing to achieve a speed that is low enough to land safely. For this reason, this thesis aims to investigate the influence of ground proximity on the lift, drag and pitching moments of the FV which in turn affect its take-off and landing characteristics. Compressible RANS equations were solved with the k-omega SST turbulence model using ANSYS Fluent on a 4.6\% scaled model of the FV. The ground was numerically realized by employing the moving ground boundary condition equal in velocity to the free stream. Results from these simulations have shown a 11% reduction in the drag polar of the FV when closest to the ground as compared to when in unbounded flow. Additionally, the proximity to the ground causes an increase in lift and this allows the FV to touch down at 19 degrees while the maximum rotation angle during take-off is predicted to be about 13 degrees for a positive climb gradient when also considering the One-Engine-Idle (OEI) scenario. This corresponds to a lift to drag ratio equal to 10 and a lift-off lift coefficient of 0.56 approximately. The effect of ride height on the longitudinal stability of the FV showed that favorable pitching moments were obtained for angles of attack between 0 degrees and 5 degrees and for angles greater than 17.5 degrees. A near wake analysis was also performed for different angles of attack and at different heights from the ground to investigate the flow phenomena over the FV and the evolution of the wake downstream. No significant span wise flow is seen when the angle of attack is 0 degrees and the flow appears to travel parallel to the stream-wise direction. Additionally, in case of very high angles of attack, the flow streamlines confirm the occurrence of a large vortex emanating from the leading edge kink of the wing. When in unbounded flow a secondary vortex located inboard is produced at 17 degrees. The diameter of the tip vortex is seen to be greater than the inboard secondary vortex for an angle of attack equal to 17 degrees. At greater angles of attack, the secondary vortex is seen to grow in diameter as the height reduces.Flying VAerospace Engineerin
