1,721,041 research outputs found
Critiques de la raison : une anthologie philosophique de l'Aufklärung allemande
No full textKalinowski Isabelle. Critiques de la raison : une anthologie philosophique de l'Aufklärung allemande. In: Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. Vol. 111-112, mars 1996. Littérature et politique. pp. 125-128
Les ouvriers en RDA. Étude d'histoire sociale
No full textWorkers in the GDR. Reflections on Social History. P. Hübner.
The article gives a survey of important aspects of labour history in East Germany from 1945 to 1990. In his introduction the author highlights some barriers to making statistical sources accessible and deals with problems in the usage of terms. The analysis concentrates on the relative importance of the workforce in the social policies of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and the development of the social structure of the workforce. The aims and interests of workers, conflicts of interest and their solution are analysed in detail. The workers' brigades are in the focus of attention, in particular their functions in everyday life. Moreover, the article sketches some effects of central planning and social backgrounds of workers in the GDR.Hübner Peter, Kalinowski Isabelle. Les ouvriers en RDA. Étude d'histoire sociale. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 1, 1998. pp. 41-68
Les sociologues nazis et Max Weber, 1933-1945
No full textNazi sociologists and Max Weber Contrary to a myth fostered after 1945, sociology did not cease to exist when the Nazis came to power. A «Nazi sociology» did indeed take over, and it was even able to enlarge the university foundations of the discipline. Officially, Max Weber was then considered the main representative of former «liberal» sociology, but in fact, Weber's work was used as a standard and was even harnessed by certain authors who were either Nazis or close to them, in order to provide scientific support for work that was otherwise quite uncertain of its methodological rigour.■ Carsten Klingemann : Les sociologues nazis et Max Weber Contrairement à un mythe entretenu après 1945, la sociologie n'a pas cessé d'exister après l'arrivée des nazis au pouvoir. Une «sociologie nazie» a bel et bien pris la relève et a même pu élargir les assises universitaires de la discipline. Officiellement, Max Weber était alors considéré comme le principal représentant de l'ancienne sociologie «libérale», mais en fait, l'œuvre de Weber a pu jouer un rôle de référence et fut même récupérée par certains auteurs nazis ou proches, afin de donner une caution scientifique à des travaux par ailleurs peu assurés de leur rigueur méthodologique.Klingemann Carsten, Kalinowski Isabelle. Les sociologues nazis et Max Weber, 1933-1945. In: Genèses, 21, 1995. Le nazisme et les savants, sous la direction de Susanna Magri . pp. 53-74
Processus de décision collective et guerre civile : l'exemple de l'Odyssée. Chant XXIV, vv. 419-470
No full textCollective Decision-Making Process and Civil War: the Example of the Odyssey. Song XXIV, vv. 419-470. E. Flaig.
In archaic Greece the majority rule was known, but many communities (poleis) were not able to use it. The poet of the "Odyssey" discusses this problem in the 24. chant, where the polis of Ithaka fails to come to an agreement and to act conjointly against the mass murderer Odysseus. The polis doesn't succeed in acting as a political entity because there is no consensus about fundamental norms: as long as a powerful nobleman asserts his honor without respecting any limits, it is impossible to impose collective values. When norm conformity grows and political cohesion gets stronger, the group is able to make collective decisions, but this doesn't necessarily mean, that the majority rule becomes the dominant mode of decision.Flaig Egon, Kalinowski Isabelle. Processus de décision collective et guerre civile : l'exemple de l'Odyssée. Chant XXIV, vv. 419-470. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 52ᵉ année, N. 1, 1997. pp. 3-29
Dictature communiste et milieu universitaire. Étude d'histoire sociale des professeurs d'université de la RDA, 1945-1961
No full textCommunist Dictatorship and Universitary Milieu. Social History et Academics in the GDR, 1945-1961. R. Jessen.
Since the end of the forties the SED tried to enforce a rapid turnover of the teaching staff of the East German universities, The professoriate in academic fields like economics or law could be changed completely within a few years and in the humanities a small counter-elite of former emigrants successfully started to build up a new teaching staff. Only in the medical and natural sciences the old personnel, milieu and mentality survived until the early sixties. Continuity in these disciplines depended upon the lack of qualified scientists, the open border in the West (until 1961), the autonomy of the scientific discourse and the informal power of the academic establishment. In the social sciences and the humanities a rapid change was possible because the SED was either able to implement an alternative elite of loyal intellectuals or to destroy the scientific autonomy of these disciplines so that academic credentials where not an absolute prerequisite of the career further more.Jessen Ralph, Kalinowski Isabelle. Dictature communiste et milieu universitaire. Étude d'histoire sociale des professeurs d'université de la RDA, 1945-1961. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 1, 1998. pp. 91-117
La République démocratique allemande comme histoire. Réflexions historiographiques
No full textThe German Democratic Republic as History. A. Ludtke.
The GDR has ceased to exist. This article discusses both the history and the recent historiography of this "closed" past. Limits of access have been abolished almost totally. Anybody is entitled to study the case: except for few exceptions even the most recent maternals or, for that matter, secrets are available for academic scrutiny. Lüdtke outlines main lines of "reading" the history of the GDR, most of them originating in the context of global confrontation or co-existence during the pre-1989 era. Still, much of the debate revolves around the impact of control, whether external (i.e. Soviet) or internal, and the relative autonomy of societal processes versus penetration by the forces of domination. In difference, Lüdtke emphasizes those approaches which reveal people's socio-cultural perceptions, emotions, and practices. It is from this vantage point that the appearence of "stability" of the GDR which prevailed until her very collapse in 1989 can be dismantled. The simultaneity of acceptance and distance so characteristic for many people in the GDR was grounded in a multifacetted configuration. Important elements were: a specific temporality, the intensified sense for the local and, at the same time, generational fissures, but also the abandonment of the aesthetics of public space.Lüdtke Alf, Kalinowski Isabelle. La République démocratique allemande comme histoire. Réflexions historiographiques. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 1, 1998. pp. 3-39
La dynastie des von der Leyen. Une famille de soyeux au XVIIIe siècle entre mennonisme et monde moderne.
No full textThe Dynasty von der Ley en of Krefeld Family of Silk Entrepreneurs in the 18th Century between Mennonism and Modem World.
The Krefeld silk industry which increasingly grew in significance in Germany since the 18th century owed its rise to the local Mennonite community and above all to the von der Leyen family. Surrounded by an ill-disposed environment the Mennonite community and the von der Leyen family established themselves in social and economic niches and concentrated upon their extension. The strategy of survival the von der Leyen chose aimed at economic success. The more this success manifested itself the more however the consistency of Mennonism was threatened. The way into the world led to the "secularization" of their own world. In addition to this, the more the von der Leyen engaged in the world surrounding them the slighter the distance from it became. The "Ancien Régime" took hold of them.Kriedte Peter, Kalinowski Isabelle. La dynastie des von der Leyen. Une famille de soyeux au XVIIIe siècle entre mennonisme et monde moderne.. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 50ᵉ année, N. 4, 1995. pp. 725-752
Les femmes de l'usine de drap. Contribution à l'histoire du travail féminin en RDA sur la base de sources biographiques
No full textDie aus der Tuchbude. The women from the textile mill. A contribution on the employment of women in the GDR based on life-history sources. P. Clemens.
How did women assert their parallel family and occupational responsibilities—in a male-dominated company with a female employee majority, and in a society in which the competition beween the sexes was muted, but which had political structures not permitting a critical, democratic discourse on topics including conditions of gender-specific dominance ?
This study focuses on female textile-industiy workers in one city and belonging to one generation; women out on the fringes in a number of respects and who had not (yet) broken out of their working conditions. Why that was so, as well as the experiences and meanings that they associated with their changea yet static living and working environment, are related in the form of life stories. The interviews were made in 1991 and 1992 after the collapse of the local textile industry.Clemens Petra, Kalinowski Isabelle. Les femmes de l'usine de drap. Contribution à l'histoire du travail féminin en RDA sur la base de sources biographiques. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 1, 1998. pp. 69-89
La passion scientifique allemande de la philosophie française. Les premières années de la Revue Philosophique
No full textIm letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts geht die Gründung neuer gelehrter Zeitschriften in Frankreich — so die Revue Philosophique — mit einer Tendenz zur Institutionalisierung der Geisteswissenschaften und zur Behauptung starker Ansprüche auf Wissenschaftlichkeit einher. Diese Forderung wird primär durch die Bearbeitung der deutschen philosophischen Produktion gewährleistet ; der demonstrative Internationalismus der Revue Philosophique ist auf die dominierte Stellung des französischen philosophischen Feldes gegenüber Deutschland zurückzuführen. Die neue “wissenschaftliche” Philosophie, die im Leipziger Laboratorium eines Wundts ein von den Naturwissenschaften scheinbar abgeleitetes Modell sucht, illustriert dennoch nicht nur die Beziehungen zwischen zwei Nationalfeldem : in Frankreich wie in Deutchland besteht ihre Funktion darin, zur Verteidigung einer von der Konkurrenz der “Spezialwissenschaften” bedrohten Disziplin beizutragen.Dans le dernier tiers du XIXe s., en France, l’émergence de nombreux périodiques savants comme la Revue Philosophique accompagne un mouvement d'institutionnalisation des disciplines de lettres et sciences humaines marqué par la recherche et l’affirmation de nouvelles exigences de scientificité. Dans ce projet, les références allemandes omniprésentes remplissent la fonction d’une caution ; l’internationalisme affiché de la Revue Philosophique a pour envers la position très dominée du champ philosophique français par rapport à l’Allemagne. L’enjeu de cette nouvelle philosophie “scientifique”, qui va chercher dans le laboratoire de Wundt à Leipzig un modèle apparemment inspiré des sciences de la nature, ne touche cependant pas seulement aux rapports entre deux champs nationaux : il concerne aussi, en France comme en Allemagne, la défense d’une discipline philosophique menacée par la concurrence des “sciences spéciales”.Kalinowski Isabelle. La passion scientifique allemande de la philosophie française. Les premières années de la Revue Philosophique. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 41, 2001/2. France-Allemagne. Passions croisées ? Actes du colloque international du 22 au 24 mars 2001 à Aix-en-Provence. pp. 217-229
Qui sera «juif» ? La classification «raciale» nazie, des «lois de Nuremberg» à la «conférence de Wannsee»
No full textWho is to be considered «Jewish»? Nazi «racial» classification, from the Nuremberg Laws to the Wannsee Conference Nazi «racial» classification aimed at eliminating all «Jewish blood» from the «body of the German people». However, it relied on two radically distinct conceptions of «Jewishness». One, the «contagionist» view, resulted from an obsession with «absolute power» and the «eternity of Jewish blood». The other, which claimed to be «genetic», took advantage of «racial biology» to assert that «German blood» could at length be «purified of Jewish blood» by «demendelization». Here, the genesis and application of the Nuremberg Laws are analyzed in light of this controversy.■ Cornelia Essner : Qui sera «juif»? La classification «raciale» nazie, des lois de Nuremberg à la conférence de Wannsee La classification «raciale» nazie visait à éliminer tout «sang juif» du «corps du peuple allemand». Elle reposait cependant sur deux conceptions radicalement distinctes du «juif». L'une, «contagionniste», traduit l'obsession de la «prépotence» et de l'«éternité du sang juif». L'autre, prétendument «génétique», se prévaut de la «biologie raciale» pour affirmer que le «sang allemand» peut à terme, par «démendélisation», être «épuré des gènes juifs». La genèse et l'application des lois de Nuremberg sont ici analysées à la lumière de cette controverse.Essner Cornelia, Kalinowski Isabelle, Conte Édouard. Qui sera «juif» ? La classification «raciale» nazie, des «lois de Nuremberg» à la «conférence de Wannsee». In: Genèses, 21, 1995. Le nazisme et les savants, sous la direction de Susanna Magri . pp. 4-28
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