122,027 research outputs found
Kalfa (Ariane). La Force du Refus. Philosopher après Auschwitz
No full textAzria Régine. Kalfa (Ariane). La Force du Refus. Philosopher après Auschwitz. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°96, 1996. p. 158
Evidence-based medicine 1: Background
No full textThe Research Committee of the European Society of Pediatric Urology will present a series of short educational communications related to evidence-based medicine. The aim of the series is to emphasize the importance of grading evidence, thereby determining the best clinical practice for patients. The goal of this series is to guide the clinician in using tools for setting up a clinical question, finding appropriate information, searching appropriate databases, and evaluating the results in relation to the patient in mind. This first part will serve as an introduction or background. Following publications will cover the topics of hierarchy of evidence, information acquisition, clinical appraisal tools, and applications in clinical practice [3]
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Evidence-based medicine V: how to use in clinical practice
No full textIn this penultimate installment in the educational series on evidence-based medicine, the Research Committee of the European Society of Pediatric Urology will focus on clinical application. In previous communications, optimizing medical decisions was focused on through the use of well-conducted research publications, and the topics of background, hierarchy of evidence, information acquisition, and critical appraisal tools were covered. The goal is to guide the clinician in using evidentiary tools for setting up a clinical question, finding appropriate information, searching appropriate databases, and evaluating the results with the patient in mind
Evidence-based medicine III: level of evidence
No full textThe present article is the third installment in a five-part series related to evidence-based medicine (EBM) provided by the European Society for Paediatric Urology Research Committee. It will present the different levels of evidence (i.e. systematic review, randomized controlled trial, cohort study) available to clinicians and researchers and describe the strengths of each study type. While EBM provides a valuable construct to aid in medical decision-making, it remains imperative that this information be interpreted and applied in the clinical context with a good dose of common sense
Evidence Based Medicine IV: how to find an evidence-based answer to a clinical question? Make a critically appraised topic!
No full textThis manuscript is the fourth in a five part series related to evidence based medicine (EBM) provided by the European society of pediatric urology (ESPU) research committee. It will present a way to come to a quick and critical appraisal of available evidence on a specific topic: a CAT (critically appraised topic). The way how to write a cat is described for interventions to be compared to a control group, and for other, more generalized clinical questions. While systematic reviews provide a throughout overview of all evidence available, a CAT provides a shorter way to come to quick insights based on EBM
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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