1,720,961 research outputs found
Uncovering patterns in skin and gut microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): insights from machine learning and feeding trials with sustainable aquafeeds based on yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor).
No full textDiet and Genotype Shape the Intestinal Microbiota of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Insights from Long-Term In Vivo Trials and Machine Learning
No full textArtificial intelligence in microbiome research and beyond: connecting human health, animal husbandry, and aquaculture
No full textTechnological advancements in computational power and algorithm design have enabled
artificial intelligence to become a transformative force in microbiome research. This paper
presents a concise overview of recent applications of this computational paradigm in hu‐
man and animal health, with a particular emphasis on aquaculture. International projects
focused on the intestinal microbiome have allowed human research to consistently dom‐
inate in terms of application cases, offering insights into various pathological conditions.
In contrast, animal research has leveraged artificial intelligence in microbiome analysis to
promote sustainable productivity, addressing environmental and public health concerns
linked to livestock husbandry. In aquaculture, on the other hand, artificial intelligence has
mainly supported management practices, improving rearing conditions and feeding strate‐
gies. When considering microbiome manipulation, however, fish farms have often relied
on traditional methods, without harnessing the immense potential of artificial intelligence,
whose recent applications include biomonitoring and modeling interactions between mi‐
crobial communities and environmental factors in farming systems. Given the paradigm
shift currently underway in both human health and animal husbandry, we advocate for
a transition in the aquaculture industry toward smart farming, whose interconnected in‐
frastructure will allow to fully leverage artificial intelligence to seamlessly integrate both
biological measurements and rearing parameters
Replacing fishmeal with an insect meal blend: implications for intestinal microbiota in European seabass.
Full text linkIn this study, we investigated the effects of an insect meal (IM) blend containing larvae of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor on the gut microbiota of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species in Mediterranean marine aquaculture. This research stands out by examining a combination of IMs rather than a single source, thereby addressing an underexplored area in the current literature. In a feeding trial that lasted 75 days, European seabass were fed three different diets: a commercial-like control diet and two experimental diets containing partial replacement of FM with IM (25 % and 50 %). The experimental diets showed no adverse effects on feed intake or overall fish health. Analysis of the microbiota revealed significant changes in gut microbial
communities, with a trend towards increased bacterial richness and diversity in fish fed IM. Beta diversity analysis showed that the mucosa-associated microbial communities were stable across diets, while the digesta associated microbiota showed notable shifts in the IM25 and IM50 groups, suggesting that the transient microbiota is more sensitive to dietary changes. The study also found an enrichment of beneficial bacterial genera, particularly Bacillus and Paenibacillus, in fish fed IM. These genera, known for their chitinolytic activity, have likely adapted to the increased chitin content in IM diets. Oceanobacillus (Bacillaceae) and Brevibacterium (Brevibacteriaceae) were more abundant in the digesta of fish from the IM25 and IM50 groups, but not in the mucosa. Their presence indicates that they react more strongly to changes in diet than to a stable mucosal environment. Overall, the study highlights the potential of an IM-based diet to support fish health and growth while promoting a favorable gut microbiota
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Interactions between nutritional programming, genotype, and gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon: Long-term effects on gut microbiota, fish growth and feed efficiency.
Full text linkNutritional programming (NP) is a tool for developing adaptive changes that can be expressed in adulthood by exposing individuals to a stimulus early in life. This study investigated the interactions between nutritional programming (NP), genotype and gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across the life cycle, to potentially improve feed efficiency and fish health. Approximately 5100 eggs from six families characterised by high (HP) or low pigment retention (LP) were incubated and divided into four groups (HPM, HPV, LPM, LPV) that received a stimulus diet based on marine (M) (61 % fishmeal and 8 % fish oil) or vegetable (V) (5 % fishmeal, plant proteins and rapeseed oil) ingredients. This stimulus phase lasted three weeks, followed by a 49-week freshwater intermediate phase with fish fed a commercial feed subsequent to seawater transfer. In seawater, the fish were initially fed a commercial feed for 13 weeks and then switched to a plant-based “challenge” diet with approximately 3 % EPA + DHA until the end of the experiment, at 101 weeks, at which point fish
were 4 kg. During the study, survival rates, SGR, and FCR were monitored. Samples for microbiota analysis were collected at T0 (after the stimulus), T1 (before the challenge), T2 (challenge, after the feed change), and T3 (end of the feeding trial). Gut and feed microbiota were analysed by bacterial DNA extraction, Illumina NGS library preparation and raw sequencing data analysis using QIIME 2 and PICRUSt software.
Gut microbiota composition changed with fish age, independent of NP and pigmentation genotype, emphasising the importance of developmental stage. Early diet influenced beta diversity and increased the number of specific bacteria, but these changes decreased with time. NP influenced the gut microbiota during the stimulus phase but not during the challenge phase, showing that the current diet has a greater influence than the earlier diet. Some microbial genera were associated with different genotypes and diets, suggesting interactions between genotype and stimulus diet. Differences in the metabolic potential of the gut microbiota due to the stimulus diet were observed but were not associated with differences in growth and feed utilisation. The study concludes that early nutritional programming with a plant-based diet has a transient effect on growth and gut microbiota, with long-term growth performance being more strongly influenced by pigmentation genotype. Further studies on the interactions between genotype, diet and microbiota are required
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effects of poultry by-product meal and complete replacement of fish oil with alternative oils on growth performance and gut health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a FEEDNETICSTM validation study
Full text linkBackground: Aquaculture, traditionally a form of biotechnology, has evolved to integrate innovative biotechnological applications, such as advanced feed formulations, aimed at improving the growth performance and health of farmed fish species. In the present study, the effects of feeding rainbow trout with novel feed formulations were investigated. Fish growth, gut and liver morphology, the concentration of fatty acids in the fillet, and volatile fatty acids in the gut were assessed. The study also validated scenarios from in vivo experiments using a nutrient-based model called FEEDNETICSTM. This globally used model serves as a tool for data interpretation and decision support in the context of precision fish farming.
Methods: Alternative protein and oil sources, including poultry by-product meal (PBM) and natural algae oil, were explored as sustainable replacements for fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO). A 90-day feeding trial was conducted using rainbow trout, comparing two isoproteic, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. The control diet contained 15% FM, 5% PBM, and 8% FO, while the test diet replaced FM with 15% PBM and 5% feather meal hydrolysate (FMH), and fully substituted FO with VeraMaris® natural algae oil and rapeseed oil.
Results: PBM successfully replaced FM protein without negatively affecting feed intake, growth performance or feed utilization in trout. The combination of PBM and natural algae oil was well tolerated by the trout and showed no negative effects on gut health. A detailed analysis of fatty acids in the fillet revealed that PUFAs of the n3 and n6 series were significantly higher in the PBM group than in the FM group. Values of fatty acid-related health indexes, including atherogenicity index, and thrombogenicity index, confirmed the high nutritional value of trout filet, thus representing a healthy product for human. In addition, the predictions using the FEEDNETICSTM indicated that the tested novel alternative formulations are economically viable. The validation of the model for fish growth resulted in a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 8%.
Conclusions: The FEEDNETICSTM application enhances our ability to optimize feeding strategies and improve production efficiency in the aquaculture industry. VeraMaris® algae oil and PBM could serve as viable and sustainable raw materials for fish feed, promoting environmentally friendly aquaculture practices
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