1,720,969 research outputs found
Il Workaholism: antecedenti e conseguenze nel contesto familiare ed organizzativo
No full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to analyze Workaholism – defined in the literature as the uncontrollable desire to work excessively driven by an inner compulsion – in the Italian context where it is still little explored, detecting possible antecedents and consequences of work addiction at the individual, familiar, and organizational level, though three studies. In Study 1-A, the metric proprieties of the DUWAS – Dutch Workaholism Scale – are analyzed in a sample of workers (N = 600) using both explorative and confirmative factor analysis that confirm the two-factor structure of the scale reported in the literature. The goodness of the scale is also confirmed by Study 1-B: combining self- and hetero-assessment of Workaholism in a sample of 243 couples (N = 486). Results indicate a correspondence between being labeled as Workaholic by the partner and the self-evaluation. Study 2 analyzes Workaholism by investigating the relationship between the parents’ levels of Workaholism and Work Engagement and the children’s level of Workaholism: 146 families comprising N = 438 participants are the sample of the study examined. The results, obtained by logistic regression, suggest an effect of Workaholic parents on the onset of children’s Workaholism and a stronger effect of mothers’ levels of Workaholism and Work Engagement on the offspring. Gender differences are also explored revealing a cross-gender effect between parents and children. In Study 3, Workaholism is evaluated in the organizational context. In a sample of workers (N = 733), possible organizational antecedents and consequences in terms of work related stress variables were taken into account. Using logistic regressions, some risk factors (e.g. Workload, Affective Commitment) and safety factors (e.g. Perceived organizational support, job control/autonomy) influencing the onset of Workaholism are detected. In terms of individual and organizational well-being, Workaholic workers, identified through cluster analysis, show more critical values in some work-related stress indicators such as Emotional Exhaustion, Home-Work Conflict, Organizational Conflict, and less critical values in Organizational citizenship behaviors compared with other types of workers. All results of the studies are discussed according to the literature and the final chapter of the thesis evaluates limitations, future research suggestions on Workaholism and possible practical applications in Workaholism treatmentIl principale obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare il Workaholism, che in accordo con la letteratura può essere definito come l’incontrollabile desiderio di lavorare eccessivamente mossi da una spinta compulsiva, nel contesto italiano nel quale questo costrutto è ancora poco esplorato, individuando possibili antecedenti e conseguenze della dipendenza da lavoro a livello individuale, familiare ed organizzativo, attraverso tre studi. Nello Studio 1-A sono state analizzate le proprietà metriche della scala DUWAS – Dutch Workaholism Scale, in un campione di lavoratori (N=600), utilizzando analisi fattoriali esplorative e confermative che confermano la struttura bifattoriale della scala come suggerito dalla letteratura. La bontà della scala è inoltre confermata anche dallo Studio 1-B: combinando metodi di auto ed etero valutazione del Workaholism in un campione di 243 coppie (N=486). I risultati indicano una corrispondenza tra essere etichettati Workaholic dal proprio coniuge e l’autovalutazione. Nello Studio 2, il Workaholism è stato analizzato investigando la relazione tra il livello di Workaholism e di Work Engagement dei genitori e il livello di Workaholism dei figli: 146 nuclei familiari corrispondenti a N=438 partecipanti costituiscono il campione dello studio. I risultati, ottenuti attraverso una serie di regressioni logistiche, suggeriscono un effetto nell’avere un genitore Workaholic nell’insorgenza del workaholism nei figli e un effetto ancora più marcato del livello di workaholism e di Work Engagement della figura materna sui propri figli. Sono state analizzate anche eventuali differenze di genere che rivelano un effetto cross-genere tra genitori e figli. Nello Studio 3, il Workaholism è analizzato in un contesto organizzativo. In un campione di lavoratori (N=733), sono stati prese in considerazione una serie di possibili antecedenti e conseguenze in termini di variabili di stress lavoro correlato. Utilizzando le regressioni logistiche sono stati riscontrati alcuni fattori di rischio (e.g. Carico di lavoro, Commitment Affettivo) e fattori di protezione (e.g. Percezione di supporto organizzativo, Autonomia/Controllo). In termini di benessere individuale ed organizzativo, i lavoratori Workaholic rispetto alle altre tipologie di lavoratori, individuati attraverso procedure di cluster analysis, mostrano livelli maggiormente critici in alcuni indicatori di stress lavoro correlato quali l’Esaurimento Emotivo, il Conflitto vita privata vs vita lavorativa, i Conflitto Organizzativi e valori meno critici rispetto ai Comportamenti di cittadinanza organizzativa. Tutti i risultati sono discussi in accordo con la letteratura preesistente e le teorie di riferimento e il capitolo finale della tesi è dedicato alla valutazione dei limiti, possibili sviluppi futuri della ricerca sul Workaholism e potenziali applicazioni pratiche circa il trattamento del Workaholis
Il Workaholism
No full textIl contributo si propone di approndire cause, conseguenze e modelli teorici del workaholism, ovvero quella particolare forma di dipendenza comportamentale in cui non è implicato l'intervento di alcuna sostanza chimica
Workaholism among management and workers in an italian cooperative enterprise.
No full textThe Workaholism construct — still little explored within Italian organizational contexts — was analyzed in a cooperative enterprise characterized by the workers’ great participation in the company governance and profits. The possible combinations (high-low) of the two workaholism dimensions (Work Excessively and Work Compulsively) confirmed, through cluster analysis, the presence of four worker profiles: Workaholic, Non-workaholic, Hard Worker, and Compulsive Worker. The relations between the workers’ different profiles, organizational variables, individual and demographic resources were also assessed. Generally, workaholics have a more critical profile, compared to the other three categories, on many of the variables examined, and in particular: workload, POS, organizational conflict (work-life, between groups, intra-role, and with superiors), psychological strain, burnout (emotional exhaustion and disaffection), and negative affectivity. As far as organizational citizenship behaviors and self-efficacy are concerned, on the contrary, results are less critical
Positive personal resources and organizational well-being: resilience, hope, optimism, and self-efficacyin an Italian health care setting
No full textThe present study fits within the Positive Psychology approach, according to which a positive outlook is a valuable “natural defence” to contrast the possible negative effects of stress.
In line with the Psychological Capital (PsyCap) model, the study aims to assess the metric properties of four scales geared to measure the positive personal resources considered by such model – resilience, hope, optimism, and self-efficacy – as well as to ascertain the presence of a higher-order factor representing these four personal resources.
The fit of the models to the data (χ2, CFI, and SRMR) are satisfactory. The scales factor structures and the higher-order factor are therefore confirmed.
Such scales thus appear to be appropriate to assess the influence of some individual work characteristics in the work-related stress process
L'attesa nella relazione domanda-offerta delle prestazioni sanitarie
No full textIl contributo descrive gli obiettivi, gli strumenti e i risultati di un’indagine empirica condotta in un campione di 2000 utenti del Servizio Sanitario Nazionale Veneto. L’indagine si propone di rilevare opinioni e atteggiamenti in relazione alla qualità del servizio stesso, con particolare riferimento alla percezione delle liste e dei tempi d’attesa. Tali informazioni hanno consentito di mettere a punto linee di intervento – ampliamente discusse nell’ambito del contributo – finalizzate ad affrontare le problematiche del Servizio Sanitario ritenute più urgenti e ad implementare possibili strategie correttive e di miglioramento in una più ampia prospettiva di customer satisfaction e di qualità dei servizi sanitari
The tangible and intangible costs of presenteeism: an empirical survey in a service organization
No full textThis study focuses on the effects of presenteeism in employees in terms of burnout, physiological strain, satisfaction and economic costs that can arise for the organization. It also analyzes the possible causes of this phenomenon, which are traced to four main areas: organizational policies, job design features, personality and demographical variables. The survey involved 520 employees of a service organization. The analyses conducted revealed interesting relations between presenteeism and the variables investigated. The quantification of the costs for the company caused by presenteeism suggests that the adoption of EAP programs (Employee Assistance Program) to improve work efficiency and overall satisfaction at work. The adoption of these measures would allow a return in terms of economic performance well above the estimated cost to implement them
Workaholism and work engagement in the family: The relationship between parents and children as a risk factor
No full textThe present study investigated the relationship between adult children’s level of workaholism and their parents’ levels of
workaholism and work engagement. A hundred and forty-six families (mother, father, and one adult child, all of whom were
working) took part in the study (N = 438) through parallel forms of a structured questionnaire. Two hypotheses were
formulated: Having at least one parent with high levels of excessive work or compulsive work (H1) or with high levels of
work engagement (H2) are risk factors, in terms of workaholism in the offspring. A series of logistic regression analyses were
carried out. The results showed that fathers’ scores on working excessively are positively related to workaholism in the
children. The results are discussed in terms of vicarious learning theories. Practical implications for individual and family
environment are also provided
The convergence between self and observer ratings of workaholism: a comparison between couples
No full textIn the study of individual and behavioral characteristics, the need emerges to use observer ratings
as well as self report type instruments in order to limit the intrinsic errors in both of the research methodologies.
The present study looks deeper into the role of observer ratings in measuring workaholism.
In particular, we evaluate the metric properties of a scale of observer rating of work addiction
(DUWAS-OR) in terms of validity and reliability, and we determine its effectiveness in terms of distinguishing
between workaholic workers. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 243 couples
of husband/wife or partners (N = 486) including scales of self report and observer rating of the partner,
together with scales measuring workload and work-family conflict. A confirmatory factor analysis of
the DUWAS-OR highlighted a two factor model of the scale, which presents good fit indexes; the
analysis of the correlations between variables suggests good properties in terms of discriminant and
convergent validity. Finally, using McNemar’s test it was possible to determine that the number of participants
identified as workaholic does not differ between the two methods, with a percentage of perfect
correspondence of more than 80%. These results suggest the opportuneness of using an integrated approach
to measure workaholis
The effects of workaholism on health and performance
No full textRecently, Schaufeli et al. (2008) defined workaholism as “the tendency to work excessively hard in a compulsive way”. Most authors have focused their attention on the negative consequences of workaholism, both in terms of health and in terms of negative work-family spillover.
Instead, the studies conducted in order to investigate the relationship between workaholism and job performance are few, and with contradictory results. Schaufeli et al. (2006) found a positive relationship between workaholism and performance, but only in relation to the extra-role performance. Shimazu et al. (2009) detected a negative relationship in a first study, but in a second study they found no direct relationship, only a weak relationship mediated by coping strategies. As noted by the authors, the transversal limit of the various studies is the usage of self-report measures, which causes the possibility for factors such as social desirability, common method variance and negative affectivity to influence the results obtained.
The present study aims to detect the direct relationship between workaholism and performance, using both the self-evaluation of the worker and the hetero-evaluation of the supervisor as a performance measure. It also aims to test the direct effect of workaholism on the psycho-physical health measured by the organizational physician, as well as the possible mediating effect of psycho-physical health between workaholism and performance.
The study involved all the workers (N=340) of an Italian organization. Workaholism was assessed by using an Italian version of the DUWAS (Kravina et al., 2010) Job performance was assessed using a single item from the Work Performance Questionnaire. In order to assess the psycho-physical health of the workers, the organizational physician used the V.I.S. Method, which allows to identify five types of symptoms.
Structural equation modeling was used. The results show no direct effects between workaholism and performance, measured through self-assessment as well as through hetero-evaluation. Direct effects between workaholism and the psycho-physical health measured by the organizational physician are instead found. Finally, the mediating role of psycho-physical health is not confirmed.
The study has provided insights about the consequences of workaholism through the usage of hetero-evaluation of performance measures and psycho-physical health, never used to date in the study of workaholism. The results suggest that workaholism is directly and strongly associated with psycho-physical disease. However, performance does not appear to be compromised. Probably the possible effects on performance should be better detailed through a longitudinal research desig
Interpersonal conflict and perceived work stress: The role of negative affectivity
No full textThis study examined the role of negative affectivity (NA) in the formation process of perceived work stress among workers employed in two Italian organizations. Psycho-physical strain, perceived conflict (with superiors and colleagues), and NA were detected through self-report, adapting the Strain-Free Negative Affectivity Scale to the Italian context. Four alternative models, popular in the literature on work stress, were tested. Each hypothesizes a specific role for NA. The analyses conducted suggest that NA has both a direct effect on strain and an indirect one, through perceived conflict. From a theoretical point of view, the results show, therefore, a substantive role of NA in the formation of perceived work stress. From an application point of view, they point to the opportuneness of also adopting hetero-evaluations or objective indicators of stress together with self-evaluations of stress
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