47 research outputs found
Caractérisation intra-annuelle de la variabilité climatique en Côte d’Ivoire
No full textL’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les impacts des changements climatiques sur les régimes climatiques saisonniers en Côte d’Ivoire. L’étude s’est appuyée sur une base de données pluviométriques et thermométriques mensuelles enregistrées dans neuf stations synoptiques représentant les principaux régimes climatiques de la Côte d’Ivoire. Ces données s’étendent sur la période 1941-2016. La méthodologie adoptée est basée sur l’utilisation des indices climatiques (indice d’Angot, indice de Péguy, Indice UNEP, indice de Moral) pour l’étude de la dynamique du climat à l’échelle intra-annuelle. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré que le climat saisonnier et intra-annuel en Côte d’Ivoire a subi des modifications en passant de la période avant 1970 à la période après 1970. En effet, le caractère « le semestre froid est plus arrosé que le semestre chaud » est plus prononcé sur la période avant 1970 que sur la période après 1970 avec une tendance des semestres les plus chauds à être relativement plus arrosés après 1970 dans certaines localités. La période avant 1970 enregistre les trois mois consécutifs les plus pluvieux avec un basculement du trimestre le plus pluvieux qui est constaté sur la période après 1970 dans certaines stations étudiées. Sur l’ensemble du territoire ivoirien, certaines zones climatiques ont connu une modification de la saison pluvieuse après 1970 en termes de mois de début, de fin et de durée. Toutefois, le bouleversement observé n’a pas affecté le type de climat en Côte d’Ivoire. Il est demeuré subhumide et humide, malgré la diminution du caractère humide après 1970.The objective of this work to analyze the impacts of climate change on seasonal weather patterns in Ivory Coast. The study was based on a monthly rainfall and thermometric database recorded at nine synoptic stations representing the main climatic regimes of the Ivory Coast. These data cover the period 1941-2016. The methodology adopted is based on the use of climatic indices (Angot index, Péguy index, Moral index, UNEP index) for the study of climate dynamics on an intra-annual scale. The results of the study showed that the seasonal and intra-annual climate in Ivory Coast underwent changes from the period before 1970 to the period after 1970. Indeed, the character "the cold semester is more watered that the hot semester” is more pronounced in the period before 1970 than in the period after 1970 with a tendency for the hottest semesters to be relatively more watered after 1970 in some localities. The period before 1970 records the three consecutive rainiest months with a change in the wettest quarter, that is observed over the period after 1970 in certain stations studied. Across the Ivorian territory, certain climatic zones experienced a change in the rainy season after 1970 in terms of the start, end and duration months. However, the upheaval observed did not affect the type of climate in Ivory Coast. It remained subhumid and humid, despite the decrease in wetness after 1970
Etude Socio-Économique De L’exploitation Des Plantes Fourragères Dans Le District d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
No full textForage trading in the city of Abidjan is an activity not known by the population. The objective of the study was to determine the importance of the collection of forage plants in the socio-economic life of the actors of the sector. Prospects and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and we determined the floristic composition of forages sold in the market. The results of the survey show that the forage sold by the farmers is taken free of charge in the city of Abidjan. The unit price (UP) of a bundle of forage is on an average of 50 FCFA when there are few animals on the market, and 100 FCFA or 200 FCFA in case of high affluence such as during holidays. Thus, the estimated average financial income per day of an operator during periods of low affluence of animals in the markets is 875 F CFA. On an average, it is 26250 FCFA per month and 3350 FCFA per day. Also, there is an estimated average of 100 400 FCFA in periods of abundance of animals for sale in the market. The results of investigations showed that forages species sold are composed of species such as Chloris pilosa Schumach. (Poaceae), Panicum maximum Jacq (Poaceae), Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) Hub (Poaceae), Arachis hypogea L. (Fabaceae), and Phaseolus vulgaris L (Fabaceae). In addition to being food reserves, these activities provide work for those who exploit them. It allows them to meet their daily needs and also compensate for the lack of jobs
The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act and its rules of origin : generosity undermined?
No full textThe African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), signed into American law on May 18, 2000, is a major plank of U.S. initiatives toward the African continent. The Act aims broadly at improving economic policymaking in Africa, enabling countries to embrace globalization, and securing durable political and economic stability. As an incentive for Africa to adopt the necessary policy reform, AGOA offers increased preferential access for African exports to the United States. This paper describes the provisions of AGOA and assesses its quantitative impact on African exports, particularly in the apparel sector. Its main conclusions are: 1) AGOA will provide real opportunities to Africa. Even on conservative estimates about Africa's supply response, Africa's non-oil exports could be increased by about 8-11 percent. 2) However, the medium-term gains could have been much greater if AGOA had not imposed certain conditions and not excluded certain items from its coverage. The most important condition is the stringent rule-of-origin, that is, the requirement that exporters source certain inputs from within Africa or the United States. Estimates suggest that the absence of these conditions would have magnified the impact nearly five-fold, resulting in an overall increase in non-oil exports of US100-US$140 million increase that is expected in the presence of these restrictions. These restrictions, particularly on apparel, will come at a particularly inopportune time, as Africa will be exposed to competition from other developing countries when the quotas maintained on the latters'exports under the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) are eliminated. Africa's apparel exports will be lower by over 30 percent with the dismantling of the MFA. If, on the other hand, AGOA had provided unrestricted access, the negative impact of the dismantling could be nearly fully offset.Export Competitiveness,Economic Theory&Research,Trade Policy,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agribusiness&Markets,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Export Competitiveness,Trade Policy
Variabilité Climatique et Tendances Interannuelles Récentes du Climat en Afrique de l’Ouest : Cas de la Côte d’Ivoire
No full textL’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser la variabilité climatique récente de la Côte d’Ivoire, sur la période 1961-2016. L’étude s’est appuyée sur une base de données pluviométriques et thermométriques mensuelles enregistrées dans douze stations synoptiques reparties sur l’ensemble des régions climatiques de Côte d’Ivoire. Des méthodes statistiques basées sur les régressions linéaires et les tests statistiques de détection de rupture de Pettitt et de Hubert, ont permis d’analyser les tendances du climat et la persistance ou non de la sécheresse à l’intérieur des zones climatiques de la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette analyse a été réalisée à partir de quatre variables climatiques : températures minimales, températures maximales, températures annuelles et cumuls annuels de pluies. Les résultats ont mis en évidence, sur la période de 1961 à 2016, d’importants changements dans les évolutions des régimes pluviométriques et thermométriques moyens, avec respectivement, une tendance générale à la baisse et à la hausse. Sur la période d’étude, la modification du régime climatique en Côte d’Ivoire, marquée par une récession pluviométrique, a été observée à partir de 1970. Dans cette tendance générale, à la baisse de la pluie et à la hausse de la température, il a été cependant noté, à la fin des années 2000 et surtout à la décennie 2010, une reprise de la pluviométrie vers des années plus humides, dans certaines localités telles que Bouaké et Bondoukou, appartenant au climat Baouléen.
The objective of this study is to characterize the recent Côte d’Ivoire’s climate variability, over the period 1961-2016. It was based on a database of monthly rainfall and temperature data recorded in twelve synoptic stations spread across all the climatic regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Statistical methods based on linear regressions and Pettitt and Hubert's statistical break detection tests were used to analyze climate trends and the persistence or otherwise of drought within the climatic zones of Côte d'Ivoire. This analysis was carried out using four climatic variables: minimum temperatures, maximum temperatures, annual temperatures and annual cumulative rainfall. The results highlighted, over the period 1961 to 2016, significant changes in the evolution of average rainfall and temperature regimes, with a general downward and upward trend, respectively. Over the study period, the modification of the climatic regime in Côte d'Ivoire, marked by a rainfall recession, was observed from 1970. In this general trend, towards a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperature, it was however noted, at the end of the 2000s and especially in the 2010s, a recovery in rainfall towards more humid years, in certain localities such as Bouaké and Bondoukou, belonging to the Baoulean climate
Variabilité Climatique et Tendances Interannuelles Récentes du Climat en Afrique de l’Ouest : Cas de la Côte d’Ivoire
No full textL’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser la variabilité climatique récente de la Côte d’Ivoire, sur la période 1961-2016. L’étude s’est appuyée sur une base de données pluviométriques et thermométriques mensuelles enregistrées dans douze stations synoptiques reparties sur l’ensemble des régions climatiques de Côte d’Ivoire. Des méthodes statistiques basées sur les régressions linéaires et les tests statistiques de détection de rupture de Pettitt et de Hubert, ont permis d’analyser les tendances du climat et la persistance ou non de la sécheresse à l’intérieur des zones climatiques de la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette analyse a été réalisée à partir de quatre variables climatiques : températures minimales, températures maximales, températures annuelles et cumuls annuels de pluies. Les résultats ont mis en évidence, sur la période de 1961 à 2016, d’importants changements dans les évolutions des régimes pluviométriques et thermométriques moyens, avec respectivement, une tendance générale à la baisse et à la hausse. Sur la période d’étude, la modification du régime climatique en Côte d’Ivoire, marquée par une récession pluviométrique, a été observée à partir de 1970. Dans cette tendance générale, à la baisse de la pluie et à la hausse de la température, il a été cependant noté, à la fin des années 2000 et surtout à la décennie 2010, une reprise de la pluviométrie vers des années plus humides, dans certaines localités telles que Bouaké et Bondoukou, appartenant au climat Baouléen.
The objective of this study is to characterize the recent Côte d’Ivoire’s climate variability, over the period 1961-2016. It was based on a database of monthly rainfall and temperature data recorded in twelve synoptic stations spread across all the climatic regions of Côte d'Ivoire. Statistical methods based on linear regressions and Pettitt and Hubert's statistical break detection tests were used to analyze climate trends and the persistence or otherwise of drought within the climatic zones of Côte d'Ivoire. This analysis was carried out using four climatic variables: minimum temperatures, maximum temperatures, annual temperatures and annual cumulative rainfall. The results highlighted, over the period 1961 to 2016, significant changes in the evolution of average rainfall and temperature regimes, with a general downward and upward trend, respectively. Over the study period, the modification of the climatic regime in Côte d'Ivoire, marked by a rainfall recession, was observed from 1970. In this general trend, towards a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperature, it was however noted, at the end of the 2000s and especially in the 2010s, a recovery in rainfall towards more humid years, in certain localities such as Bouaké and Bondoukou, belonging to the Baoulean climate
Macroeconomics effects of private sector participation in Latin America's infrastructure
No full textThe authors provide empirical evidence on the impact that private participation in infrastructure has had on key macroeconomic variables in a sample of 21 Latin American countries from 1985-98. Specifically, they look at the effects on GDP per capita, current public expenditures, public investment, and private investment, controlling for country effects and institutional factors. The authors also investigate the relevance of the specific contractual form of private participation contracts on these variables and show differentiated effects according to contract types. The results suggest that: 1) Private sector involvement in utilities and transport have some, but not impressive, positive effects on GDP per capita. 2) There is some degree of crowding-out of private investment resulting from greenfield projects in utilities, and delayed crowding-in from concessions in transport. 3) There is crowding-in of public investment by private participation in utilities, while there is crowding-out by increased private investment in transport. 4) Private participation in utilities decreases recurrent expenditures, while in transport it results in an increase. The net effect on the public sector account is uncertain, but this uncertainty is a major risk. The revelation of this risk may be the main contribution of this paper since it is inconsistent with the fiscal gains expected by many policymakers as they engage in infrastructure privatization programs.Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Health Economics&Finance,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,ICT Policy and Strategies,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Science Education
The Devil is in the Details: On the Robust Determinants of Development Aid in G5 Sahel Countries
No full textThe authors are very grateful to the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) for the financial support. Thanks to the Chair of thematic research Group C (Finance and Resource Mobilization) Victor Murinde (SOAS, University of London, UK) and our resource persons, including Issouf Soumare (Université Laval, Canada), Alessandra Guariglia (University of Birmingham, UK), Bo Sjö (Linköping University, Sweden) and Prosper Dovonon (Concordia University, Canada) for their insightful comments during the research phase, especially in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. The lead author would also like to thank the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) for the use of their facilities during the completion of this paper as a Research Fellow with the Macroeconomic Policy Division (MPD) of the UNECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. However, the views expressed are those of the author and do not represent that of the United Nations (UN) or the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) and the AERC. Finally, the authors are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief of Comparative Economic Studies, whose comments have greatly improved this paper
Financial globalization : unequal blessings
No full textThe authors present a framework to analyze financial globalization. They argue that financial globalization needs to take into account the relation between money (particularly in its role as store of value), asset and factor price flexibility, and contractual and regulatory institutions. Countries that have the"blessed trinity"(international currency, flexible exchange rate regime, and sound contractual and regulatory environment) can integrate successfully into the world financial markets. But developing countries normally display the"unblessed trinity"(weak currency, fear of floating, and weak institutional framework). The authors define and discuss two alternative avenues (a"dollar trinity"and a"peso trinity") for developing countries to safely embrace international financial integration while the blessed trinity remains beyond reach.Economic Theory&Research,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Financial Economics,Macroeconomic Management,Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Fiscal&Monetary Policy
Caractéristiques Nutritionnelles D’un Pâturage de Jachère Dans la Savane de Korhogo, au Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire
No full textDespite the abundance of pastures in Karakoro, a region of Korhogo, in the north of Côte d'Ivoire, signs of undernourishment are observed in the animals, towards the end of the rainy season (rainy season). A study of the forage value of the pasture and its variation between the 5th and 11th week of regrowth was carried out. Bromatological analyzes completed by the study of digestibility by the use of sheep in digestibility cages were carried out. During this period, the calcium content evolved from 2.1 going to 0.4 g / kg DM while that of phosphorus remained stable (3.1 g / kg DM). That of potassium varied between 0.1 and 0.4 g / kg DM. The digestibility of the dry matter (DM) of the forage has been reduced from 55.5 to 50%. The net energy value of the grass during the 7 weeks of study increased from 0.67 to 0.63 UFL (Milk Forage Unit) and 0.56 to 0.47 UFV (Meat Forage Unit). Crude protein in grass tends to decrease with age (76.0 to 56.9 g / kg DM for MAT and 57.0 to 22.0 g / kg DM for MAD of weeks 5 to 11. Although of good energy value, this pasture, composed mainly of the forage species Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) is particularly poor in calcium and phosphorus. This pasture can only be used for extensive production Their nutritional value can nevertheless be improved by a judicious and consequent supplementation in minerals (powder or lick stone), and especially in nitrogen.
Malgré l'abondance des pâturages à Karakoro, une région de Korhogo, au nord de la Côte d'Ivoire, des signes de sous-alimentation sont observés chez les animaux, vers la fin de l'hivernage (saison des pluies). Une étude de la valeur fourragère du pâturage et de sa variation entre la 5e et la 11e semaine de repousse a été réalisée. Des analyses bromatologiques complétées par l’étude de la digestibilité par l’utilisation de moutons en cages de digestibilité ont été faites. Durant cette période, la teneur en calcium a évolué de 2,1 allant à 0,4 g/kg MS tandis que celle en phosphore est restée stable (3,1 g/kg MS). Celle du potassium a varié entre 0,1 et 0,4 g/kg MS. La digestibilité de la matière sèche (MS) du fourrage est passée de 55,5 à 50 %. La valeur énergétique nette de l'herbe au cours des 7 semaines d'étude est passée de 0,67 à 0,63 UFL (Unité Fourragère Lait) et 0,56 à 0,47 UFV (Unité Fourragère Viande). Les protéines brutes contenues dans l'herbe ont tendance à baisser en fonction de l'âge (de 76,0 à 56,9 g/kg MS pour les MAT et 57,0 à 22,0 g/kg MS pour les MAD de la 5e à la 11e semaine. Bien que de bonne valeur énergétique, ce pâturage, composé principalement de l’espèce fourragère Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) est particulièrement pauvre en calcium et en phosphore. Ce pâturage ne peut servir qu'à une production extensive de viande. Leur valeur nutritionnelle peut néanmoins être améliorée par une complémentation judicieuse et conséquente en minéraux (poudre ou pierre à lécher), et surtout en azote
