22 research outputs found
View on the Five Chief Demons of Pestilence（Wudi 五帝） in the Tang Dynasty : －the Origin of Worship of Goryo（ Evil Spirits）－
No full textThe author has been claiming that worship of the demon of pestilence and related folk rituals developed in the 6th or 7th century among ordinary Chinese people and were introduced to Japan, giving rise to the word 鬼（oni）. Based on this theory, the author published a paper titled “Formation of the Demon of Pestilence and its Influence in Japan” in the previous issue. It concluded that the ancient worship of onryo （grudge-bearing spirits） and goryo（evil spirits） in Japan was a variation of the original Chinese version. In this paper, how the concept of the demon of pestilence was formed between the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty will be specifically traced back, in light of Daoism and the Buddhist scriptures. Moreover, this paper will examine how the origin of the concept relates to the word goryo written for the first time ever in two works by Japanese Buddhist monk Saichō ― Chōkō Konkōmyōkyō Eshiki 『長講金光明経会式』（A program for a Long Recitation of the Sutra of Golden Light） and Chōkō Ninnō Hannyakyō Eshiki 『長講仁王若経会式』（A program for a Long Recitation of the Benevolent King Sutra）.Departmental Bulletin Paper論文departmental bulletin pape
Biscriptal Interference: A Study of English and Japanese
No full text It was once assumed that alphabetic, syllabic, and logographic scripts could be clearly differentiated in terms of their respective processing demands, but recent evidence suggests that, as visual stimuli, they all draw upon common “configurational” processing resources. Two experiments are reported which address this issue. Both employ cross-lingual interference paradigms, with the rationale that competition for limited processing resources will be reflected in the degree of interference generated when two scripts are presented simultaneously. The experiments differ in terms of task requirements, the first being a word-naming task, biased towards reliance upon the more rule-based decoding skills; whereas the second is a colour naming task, with a more configurational bias. In the first study, the locus of the interference effect was clearly pre-lexical, and interference was only generated by those scripts that could feasibly draw upon grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules. No interference was generated by logographs that could be accessed “directly” without recourse to any prelexical phonological code. In the second study, the locus of interference was twofold: early in processing, as a result of competition for configurational processes, and later, phonological output competition prior to articulation. These results clearly demonstrate major differences in the ways in which logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic scripts are processed. </jats:p
THE EFFECTS OF RELATIVE ORIENTATION OF SURROUNDING GRATINGS ON BINOCULAR RIVALRY AND APPARENT BRIGHTNESS OF CENTRAL GRATINGS
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Perceptual learning in monocular pattern masking: Experiments and explanations by the twin summation gain control model of contrast processing
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