6 research outputs found
1133 EVENING LIGHT EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND REWARD FUNCTION IN LATE ADOLESCENT DRINKERS
No full textCognitive and behavioral predictors of light therapy use
No full textObjective: Although light therapy is effective in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other mood disorders, only 53-79% of individuals with SAD meet remission criteria after light therapy. Perhaps more importantly, only 12-41% of individuals with SAD continue to use the treatment even after a previous winter of successful treatment. Method: Participants completed surveys regarding (1) social, cognitive, and behavioral variables used to evaluate treatment adherence for other health-related issues, expectations and credibility of light therapy, (2) a depression symptoms scale, and (3) self-reported light therapy use. Results: Individuals age 18 or older responded (n = 40), all reporting having been diagnosed with a mood disorder for which light therapy is indicated. Social support and self-efficacy scores were predictive of light therapy use (p's<.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that testing social support and self-efficacy in a diagnosed patient population may identify factors related to the decision to use light therapy. Treatments that impact social support and self-efficacy may improve treatment response to light therapy in SAD. © 2012 Roecklein et al
A missense variant (P10L) of the melanopsin (OPN4) gene in seasonal affective disorder
No full textBackground: Melanopsin, a non-visual photopigment, may play a role in aberrant responses to low winter light levels in Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). We hypothesize that functional sequence variation in the melanopsin gene could contribute to increasing the light needed for normal functioning during winter in SAD. Methods: Associations between alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of melanopsin in SAD participants (n = 130) were performed relative to controls with no history of psychopathology (n = 90). Results: SAD participants had a higher frequency of the homozygous minor genotype (T/T) for the missense variant rs2675703 (P10L) than controls, compared to the combined frequencies of C/C and C/T. Individuals with the T/T genotype were 5.6 times more likely to be in the SAD group than the control group, and all 7 (5%) of individuals with the T/T genotype at P10L were in the SAD group. Limitations: The study examined only one molecular component of the non-visual light input pathway, and recruitment methods for the comparison groups differed. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that melanopsin variants may predispose some individuals to SAD. Characterizing the genetic basis for deficits in the non-visual light input pathway has the potential to define mechanisms underlying the pathological response to light in SAD, which may improve treatment. © 2008 Elsevier B.V
Depression: Can we predict who will relapse?
No full textThis thesis addresses risk factors and proposed mechanisms to explain relapse to depression. Volume 1 comprises three parts: Part 1 is a literature review consisting of meta-reviews of systematic and non-systematic reviews of studies reporting on risk factors for relapse to depression, and a systematic-review of neuroimaging and experimental studies investigating risk factors for relapse and potential mechanisms of action of these risk factors. The reviews found that only residual symptoms of depression at the end of treatment and childhood maltreatment were sufficiently evidenced as predictors of relapse and neither have great clinical utility. A number of psychological and neuropsychological factors were suggested to play a role in conferring risk for relapse. Considering the inter-relationships between these factors the reviews were used to propose a conceptual framework which may be used to help guide future research into relapse to depression in adults. Part 2 is an empirical paper in which data were analysed from service users of a primary care mental health service to identify risk factors for relapse and for the presence of residual symptoms, and survival analysis methods were used to determine when relapses occur most often and what factors impact survival. In addition, a prospective cohort study was formed to investigate the relationship between cognitive control and depressive symptoms. The findings confirmed that cognitive control can be used to predict residual symptoms of depression post-treatment and therefore potentially to predict relapse. Part 3 is a critical appraisal focussing on the theoretical reasons as to why studying relapse in a manner as used in the prospective study is so important and discusses the logistical difficulties conducting such research in the current context of NHS services and of the D.Clin.Psy research project. Methodological decisions made that impacted upon the research process are discussed and reflective conclusions are offered
Sentido de coherencia y desviaciones positivas en adultos con apnea obstructiva del sueño en una IPS de Bogotá, 2024-2025
No full textcontiene: material ilustrativo, figuras (diagramas, fotografías a color, gráficos) y tablasLa Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS), es un trastorno respiratorio crónico y de alta prevalencia, en el cual se presentan múltiples episodios de obstrucción parcial o total de la vía aérea superior durante el período de sueño, el cual se asocia directamente con una serie de signos y síntomas que afectan la salud de quienes la padecen. Sin embargo, la adherencia a este manejo dado por el tratamiento estándar (presión positiva continua - CPAP), difícilmente supera el 70%, lo cual infiere que hay una alta tasa de deserción en el manejo y por ende un uso subóptimo del tratamiento. Esto ha llevado a múltiples y extenuantes investigaciones en el problema de la adherencia, sin lograr aún una respuesta definitiva que logre superar este impase. Es así que, esta investigación explora otras visiones diferentes a la tradicional patogénica, con la cual se busca el enfoque desde la salutogénesis y las desviaciones positivas. Partiendo del modelo de Sentido de Coherencia, propuesto por Aron Antonovsky. Adicionalmente se usa el enfoque de desviaciones positivas, el cual busca evidenciar todas las acciones, actitudes y actividades que las personas con una adherencia adecuada implementan, puedan ser extrapoladas a quienes están con adherencias subóptimas.Incluye: anexosMaestríaMagíster en Salud PúblicaMetodología de investigación de estudio Mixto Secuencial Explicativo, dado que se combinará enfoques cuantitativos (con el cual se inicia) y cualitativos (con el cual se complementa), con el fin de ir más allá y no quedarse en la simple recolección de datos de diferentes modos acerca del mismo tema. Además de ser una investigación mixta, tendrá un enfoque secuencial a la hora de combinar ambos métodos, cuyo orden es específico, uno seguido del otro, donde los hallazgos del primer enfoque guíen al siguiente, para proporcionar una visión completa de la adherencia al CPAP desde la arista salutogénica, descrita de la siguiente forma: La fase de corte transversal tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de sentido de coherencia, en pacientes adheridos al tratamiento con CPAP diagnosticados con apnea del sueño, usando como instrumento la escala SOC-13 y la fase cualitativa tiene un enfoque descriptivo fenomenológico, cuyo objetivo es indagar en las experiencias vividas de los participantes que lograron desviaciones positivas en la adherencia al tratamiento con CPAP
