425 research outputs found
Use of smokeless tobacco and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: Systematic review with meta-analysis
No full textObjective: To assess whether people who use smokeless tobacco products are at increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Design: Meta-analysis of observational studies from Sweden and the United States. Data sources: Electronic databases and reference lists. Data extraction: Quantitative estimates of the association between use of smokeless tobacco products and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke among never smokers. Review methods: Both authors independently abstracted risk estimates and study characteristics. Summary relative risks were estimated on the basis of random effects models. Results: 11 studies, mainly in men, were included. Eight risk estimates were available for fatal myocardial infarction: the relative risk for ever use of smokeless tobacco products was 1.13 (95% confidence 1.06 to 1.21) and the excess risk was restricted to current users. The relative risk of fatal stroke, on the basis of five risk estimates, was 1.40 (1.28 to 1.54). The studies from both the United States and Sweden showed an increased risk of death from myocardial infarction and stroke. The inclusion of non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke lowered the summary risk estimates. Data on doseresponse were limited but did not suggest a strong relation between risk of dying from either disease and frequency or duration of use of smokeless tobacco products. Conclusion: An association was detected between use of smokeless tobacco products and risk of fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, which does not seem to be explained by chance
Erratum: Estimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality (British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106 (575-584) DOI:10.1038/bjc.2011.563)
No full textQuantifying the asbestos-related lung cancer burden is difficult in the presence of this disease's multiple causes. We explore two methods to estimate this burden using mesothelioma deaths as a proxy for asbestos exposure.
From the follow-up of 55 asbestos cohorts, we estimated ratios of (i) absolute number of asbestos-related lung cancers to mesothelioma deaths; (ii) excess lung cancer relative risk (%) to mesothelioma mortality per 1000 non-asbestos-related deaths.
Ratios varied by asbestos type; there were a mean 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.5, 1.0) asbestos-related lung cancers per mesothelioma death in crocidolite cohorts (n=6 estimates), 6.1 (3.6, 10.5) in chrysotile (n=16), 4.0 (2.8, 5.9) in amosite (n=4) and 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) in mixed asbestos fibre cohorts (n=31). In a population with 2 mesothelioma deaths per 1000 deaths at ages 40-84 years (e.g., US men), the estimated lung cancer population attributable fraction due to mixed asbestos was estimated to be 4.0%.All types of asbestos fibres kill at least twice as many people through lung cancer than through mesothelioma, except for crocidolite. For chrysotile, widely consumed today, asbestos-related lung cancers cannot be robustly estimated from few mesothelioma deaths and the latter cannot be used to infer no excess risk of lung or other cancers
The association of nighttime fasting duration and prostate cancer risk: results from the Multicase-control (MCC) study in Spain
No full textInstituto de Salud Carlos III [FIS PI11/01889]; MINECO (Ministry of Economy in Spain) fellowship; Spanish State Research Agency and Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023" Program [CEX2018-000806-S]; Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA ProgramPalomar-Cros A, Espinosa A, Straif K, Pérez-Gómez B, Papantoniou K, Gómez-Acebo I, Molina-Barceló A, Olmedo-Requena R, Alguacil J, Fernández-Tardón G, Casabonne D, Aragonés N, Castaño-Vinyals G, Pollán M, Romaguera D, Kogevinas M
Smokeless tobacco and cancer
No full textUse of smokeless tobacco products is common worldwide, with increasing consumption in many countries. Although epidemiological data from the USA and Asia show a raised risk of oral cancer (overall relative risk 2·6 [95% CI 1·3-5·2]), these are not confirmed in northern European studies (1·0 [0·7-1·3]). Risks of oesophageal cancer (1·6 [1·1-2·3]) and pancreatic cancer (1·6 [1·1-2·2]) have also increased, as shown in northern European studies. Results on lung cancer have been inconsistent, with northern European studies suggesting no excess risk. In India and Sudan, more than 50% of oral cancers are attributable to smokeless tobacco products used in those countries, as are about 4% of oral cancers in US men and 20% of oesophageal and pancreatic cancers in Swedish men. Smokeless tobacco products are a major source of carcinogenic nitrosamines; biomarkers of exposure have been developed to quantify exposure as a framework for a carcinogenesis model in people. Animal carcinogenicity studies strongly support clinical results. Cancer risk of smokeless tobacco users is probably lower than that of smokers, but higher than that of non-tobacco users. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Estimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality.
No full textBACKGROUND: Quantifying the asbestos-related lung cancer burden is difficult in the presence of this disease's multiple causes. We explore two methods to estimate this burden using mesothelioma deaths as a proxy for asbestos exposure. METHODS: From the follow-up of 55 asbestos cohorts, we estimated ratios of (i) absolute number of asbestos-related lung cancers to mesothelioma deaths; (ii) excess lung cancer relative risk (%) to mesothelioma mortality per 1000 non-asbestos-related deaths. RESULTS: Ratios varied by asbestos type; there were a mean 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.5, 1.0) asbestos-related lung cancers per mesothelioma death in crocidolite cohorts (n=6 estimates), 6.1 (3.6, 10.5) in chrysotile (n=16), 4.0 (2.8, 5.9) in amosite (n=4) and 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) in mixed asbestos fibre cohorts (n=31). In a population with 2 mesothelioma deaths per 1000 deaths at ages 40-84 years (e.g., US men), the estimated lung cancer population attributable fraction due to mixed asbestos was estimated to be 4.0%. CONCLUSION: All types of asbestos fibres kill at least twice as many people through lung cancer than through mesothelioma, except for crocidolite. For chrysotile, widely consumed today, asbestos-related lung cancers cannot be robustly estimated from few mesothelioma deaths and the latter cannot be used to infer no excess risk of lung or other cancers
Lung cancer risk in subjects exposed to organic dust: an unexpected and surprising story response
No full textResponse to: Mastrangelo, G., Rylander, R., Cegolon, L. & Lange, J.H. (2012). Lung cancer risk in subjects exposed to organic dust: an unexpected and surprising story. Thorax 67(12), 1112–1112. Original article: Peters, S., Kromhout, H., Olsson, A.C., Wichmann, H.-E., Brüske, I., Consonni, D., Landi, M.T., Caporaso, N., Siemiatycki, J., Richiardi, L., Mirabelli, D., Simonato, L., Gustavsson, P., Plato, N., Jöckel, K.-H., Ahrens, W., Pohlabeln, H., Boffetta, P., Brennan, P., Zaridze, D., Cassidy, A., Lissowska, J., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Rudnai, P., Fabianova, E., Forastiere, F., Bencko, V., Foretova, L., Janout, V., Stücker, I., Dumitru, R.S., Benhamou, S., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Kendzia, B., Pesch, B., Straif, K., Brüning, T. & Vermeulen, R. (2012). Occupational exposure to organic dust increases lung cancer risk in the general population. Thorax 67(2), 111–116
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Lung Cancer Risk Among Cooks When Accounting for Tobacco Smoking A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies From Europe, Canada, New Zealand, and China
No full textBigert, C., Gustavsson, P., Straif, K., Pesch, B., Brüning, T., Kendzia, B., Schüz, J., Stücker, I., Guida, F., Brüske, I., Wichmann, H.-E., Pesatori, A.C., Landi, M.T., Caporaso, N., Tse, L.A., Yu, I.T.-S., Siemiatycki, J., Pintos, J., Merletti, F., Mirabelli, D., Simonato, L., Jöckel, K.-H., Ahrens, W., Pohlabeln, H., Tardón, A., Zaridze, D., Field, J., 'T Mannetje, A., Pearce, N., McLaughlin, J., Demers, P., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Lissowska, J., Rudnai, P., Fabianova, E., Stanescu Dumitru, R., Bencko, V., Foretova, L., Janout, V., Boffetta, P., Forastiere, F., Bueno-De-Mesquita, B., Peters, S., Vermeulen, R., Kromhout, H., Olsson, A.C
Lung cancer among firefighters: Smoking-adjusted risk estimates in a pooled analysis of case-control studies
No full textBigert, C., Gustavsson, P., Straif, K., Taeger, D., Pesch, B., Kendzia, B., Schüz, J., Stücker, I., Guida, F., Brüske, I., Wichmann, H.-E., Pesatori, A.C., Landi, M.T., Caporaso, N., Tse, L.A., Yu, I.T.-S., Siemiatycki, J., Lavoué, J., Richiardi, L., Mirabelli, D., Simonato, L., Jöckel, K.-H., Ahrens, W., Pohlabeln, H., Tardón, A., Zaridze, D., Field, J.K., Mannetje, A., Pearce, N., McLaughlin, J., Demers, P., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Lissowska, J., Rudnai, P., Fabianova, E., Dumitru, R.S., Bencko, V., Foretova, L., Janout, V., Boffetta, P., Peters, S., Vermeulen, R., Kromhout, H., Brüning, T., Olsson, A.C
Protocol for a Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Occupational Solar UltraViolet Radiation (UVR) Among Outdoor Workers
No full textBackground: Solar UltraViolet Radiation (UVR) is considered the most relevant occupational carcinogenic exposure in terms of the number of workers exposed (i.e., outdoor workers) and UVR-induced skin cancers are among the most frequent types of occupational cancers worldwide. This review aims to collect and evaluate all the available preventive interventions conducted on outdoor workers to reduce their solar UVR related risk, with the final purpose of reducing the burden of occupational skin cancers for outdoor workers. Methods: We will search the following databases for peer-reviewed original research published: MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, and EMBASE. We will include only interventional studies, both randomized and non-randomized, with an adequate comparison group, therefore excluding cross-sectional studies, as well as case-reports/series, reviews, and letters/comments. The systematic review will adhere to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. After the literature search, studies to be included will be independently reviewed by two Authors, first based on title and abstract, then based on the full text, according to the inclusion criteria. Conflicts will be solved by a third Author. Two authors will independently extract the required data from included studies and perform quality assessment according to the relevant domain for Risk of Bias assessment proposed by the Cochrane collaboration group. In case of sufficient homogeneity of interventions and outcomes evaluated, results from subgroups of studies will be pooled together in a meta-analysis. Discussion: Following the principles for the evaluation of interventions for cancer prevention established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, this systematic review will investigate the effectiveness of the interventions, and consequently it will provide reliable indications for the actual reduction of skin cancer incidence in outdoor workers
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