85 research outputs found
FIGURE 4 in Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station
No full textFIGURE 4 | Genome-based phylogenetic tree showing the phylogenetic relationship of Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov. with members of the family Methylobacteriaceae.Published as part of Bijlani, Swati, Singh, Nitin K., Eedara, V. V. Ramprasad, Podile, Appa Rao, Mason, Christopher E., Wang, Clay C. C. & Venkateswaran, Kasthuri, 2021, Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station, pp. 1-14 in Frontiers in Microbiology 12 on page 7, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639396, http://zenodo.org/record/464756
FIGURE 2 in Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station
No full textFIGURE 2 | Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, based on DNA gyrase gene (gyrB) sequences, showing the phylogenetic relationship of Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov. with members of the family Methylobacteriaceae. Bootstrap values from 1,000 replications are shown at branch points. Bar, 0.05 substitution per site.Published as part of Bijlani, Swati, Singh, Nitin K., Eedara, V. V. Ramprasad, Podile, Appa Rao, Mason, Christopher E., Wang, Clay C. C. & Venkateswaran, Kasthuri, 2021, Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station, pp. 1-14 in Frontiers in Microbiology 12 on page 5, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639396, http://zenodo.org/record/464756
FIGURE 1 in Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station
No full textFIGURE 1 | Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences shows the relationship of Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov. with members of the family Methylobacteriaceae. Bootstrap values from 1,000 replications are shown at branch points. Bar, 0.02 substitution per site.Published as part of Bijlani, Swati, Singh, Nitin K., Eedara, V. V. Ramprasad, Podile, Appa Rao, Mason, Christopher E., Wang, Clay C. C. & Venkateswaran, Kasthuri, 2021, Methylobacterium ajmalii sp. nov., Isolated From the International Space Station, pp. 1-14 in Frontiers in Microbiology 12 on page 4, DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639396, http://zenodo.org/record/464756
Biological control of crown rot of groundnut by Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride
No full textCrown rot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) caused by Aspergillus niger is prevalent in warm and dry climatic zones and its incidence ranges from 2% to 14% (Pande and Narayana Rao 2000). The pathogen attacks groundnut plants at all the growth stages and causes pre-emergence rotting in seeds, soft rot in emerging seedlings, and crown rot in mature plants. Thus, management ofcrown rot by fungicides is difficult and expensive. Biological control of plant diseases is cost effective and environmentally safe compared to fungicides. Also, the biocontrol agent once established persists in the soil for longer periods and offers disease protection even in the consecutive crop seasons (Mew and Rosales 1986). Trichoderma spp are antagonistic to a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi and are able to control economically important diseases in several crop plants (Papavizas 1985). Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis AF 1 were tested to control the incidence ofcrown rot in groundnut and varying levels of disease control were obtained with these biocontrol agents (Lashin et al. 1989, Podile 2000). Bacillus subtilis AF 1 induced production of lipoxygenase and altered the phytoalexin metabolism in groundnut seedlings (Podile 2000). We report the results of the in vitro antagonistic potential of 16 Trichoderma isolates against A. niger and the efficacy of the selected isolates to control A. niger infection under greenhouse conditions in comparison with a fungicide
Dependency Assimilatory Relations within Xhosa Nasal Compounds of the Class 9 Nominal Prefixes
No full text[No abstract available
Chitin-supplemented formulations improve biocontrol and plant growth promoting efficiency of Bacillus subtilis AF 1
No full textFormulations of a chitinolytic biocontrol and a plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis AF 1 were prepared in peat, in peat supplemented with either 0.5% chitin or Aspergillus niger mycelium, or in spent compost obtained from Agaricus bisporus cultivation and were evaluated for biocontrol of two fungal pathogens and plant growth promoting activities on pigeon pea and groundnut. A steady increase in cell numbers of introduced B. subtilis AF 1 was observed in all the formulations at 30°C. The increase in cell numbers was about 5.0 log units. Peat or spent compost inoculated with physiologically active and dormant states of B. subtilis AF 1 showed different time period requirements to attain maximum cell numbers. The presence of chitin or A. niger (in peat) or A. bisporus (in spent compost) as supplement in the carrier material improved the multiplication of B. subtilis AF 1. When used as seed treatments, formulations of AF 1 in peat supplemented with chitin or chitin-containing materials showed better control of A. niger (causing crown rot of groundnut) and Fusarium udum (causing wilt of pigeon pea) than AF 1 culture alone, in both groundnut and pigeon pea. Bacillus subtilis AF 1 formulations promoted seed germination and biomass of both groundnut and pigeon pea even under pathogen pressure. Survival of AF 1 on fresh culture-treated and formulation product-treated plants was similar in pathogen-infested soil
NCHLT isiXhosa Phrase Chunk Annotated Corpus
No full textPhrase chunk annotated data for the NCHLT Text Resource Development: Phase II Project. The phrase chunk annotated data is a subset of the 50,000 tokens annotated during the NCHLT text resource development project and consists of a minimum of 15,000 tokens annotated as one of the six phrase types described in the protocol
NCHLT isiXhosa Named Entity Annotated Corpus
No full textNamed entity annotated data from the NCHLT Text Resource Development: Phase II Project, annotated with PERSON, LOCATION, ORGANISATION and MISCELLANEOUS tags
Bio-active Secondary Metabolities from PGPR and Botanicals
No full textICRISAThas a large collection of-bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with
agriculturally beneficial traits isolated from various sources of composts and rhizosphere soil samples from sorghum, rice and pigeonpea crops, in addition to potent botanicals. At least 1500 accessions of plant growrth promoting microorganism (PGPM viz. 89 phosphate solublizers, 252 siderophore producers, 198 cellulose degraders, 490 nitrogen fixers, 350 antagonists, 101 entomopathogens and 20 fluorescent Pseudomonads) have been isolated .from the above sources ill addition to 17 botanicals capable of managing Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera .litura, the two' most devastating insect pests of many crops, Bio-active secondary metabolites of the potent PGPM and botanicals (particularly on Anona, Datura, Pongamia, Parthiniuim, Gliricidia, Neem and Jatropha) respon¬sible for managing H. armigera and S. litura) and antagonistic to five disease causing fungi (Fusarium oxyspor:um f. Sp. ciceri, F, udum, F. solani, Sclerotium rolfsi and .Macrophomina phaseolina.) were studied . Secondary metabolites of the potent PGPM strains and botanicals were purified by solvent partitioning, solid phase extraction, TLC and reversed-phase open column chromatography. Stages in purification were monitored by a live/dead assay employing neonates of H. armigera and S. litura or plant pathogenic fungi. Final purification will be done in HPLC and the purified active compound(s) will be identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Purification of the secondary metabolites from the above PGPM and botanicals are on and results will be discussed in presentatio
Properties of graphitic composites
No full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is a high temperature graphite-moderated nuclear reactor that uses helium as a coolant. The triple coated (TRISO) particles contain enriched uranium oxide fuel which is coated with layers of various forms of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide. The TRISO particles are further embedded in the matrix of spherical graphite pebbles. The graphite matrix is a composite moulded from a compound containing natural flake graphite (64 wt.%), synthetic graphite (16 wt.%) and a phenolic resin binder (20 wt.%) heated to 1800 °C in inert atmosphere. The graphitic composite provides structural integrity, encasement and act as a moderator material. In this work, low density model graphite composites similar to those used in nuclear applications as encasement material in fuel pebbles were made by uniaxial cold compression moulding. The graphitic composites contained various ratios of natural flake graphite and synthetic graphite at fixed phenolic novolac resin binder content of 20 wt.% (green state). The fabrication process employed entails mixing the graphite powders, followed by addition of methanol phenolic resin solution to the graphite powder mix, drying, grinding, milling and sieving; and finally compression moulding in a stainless steel die at 13 MPa using a hydraulic press. The green moulded disc specimens were then carbonized at 900 °C in nitrogen atmosphere to remove volatiles followed by annealing at 1800 °C in helium atmosphere. The annealing step diminishes structural defects and result in densification of the composites.
The microstructure of fabricated graphitic composites was characterized using various techniques. Particle Size Distributions determined using Laser diffraction showed that the inclusion of the binder leads to agglomeration. The composite powders had larger mean particle sizes than the raw graphite powders showing the binding effect of the novolac phenolic resin. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the graphitic composites had a hexagonal crystal structure after annealing. Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of the structurally disordered phase derived from the resin carbon (indicated by the pronounced D-band in the Raman spectra). XRD and Raman observations were consistent with literature and gave results supporting existing knowledge base. Optical microscopy revealed a flake-like microstructure for composites containing natural graphite and needle-coke like particles for composites containing mainly synthetic graphite. Optical microscopy confirmed that the effect of the manufacturing route employed here was to align the particles in the direction perpendicular to the compression moulding direction. As a result, the graphitic composites exhibited anisotropic property behavior.
The bulk density of the composites increased with the increase in the natural graphite content due to compactability of natural flakes in the manufacturing route. Thermogravimetric analysis studies on the composites showed that they were stable in air to 650 °C. Composites containing mainly synthetic graphite were thermally more stable in air compared to their natural graphite counterparts. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion of the composites were measured using thermomechanical analysis (20-600 °C). In the moulding direction, the average CTE (αP) values were in the range (5-9) × 10-6 K-1 and increased with increment in the natural graphite content in the composite. In the direction perpendicular to moulding direction, the average CTE (αN) values were in the range (1.7-2.1) × 10-6 K-1 showing that the expansion was similar or constant in this direction. Therefore an anisotropic expansion ratio, i.e. αP:αN, of about 3 was observed in the composites. This anisotropy is attributable to the alignment of the filler particles in the manufacturing route. The thermal conductivity of the annealed composites were measured in the pressing direction from 100 to 1000 °C and the values ranged from 19 to 30 W m-1 K-1. Anisotropy was also observed as far as strength was concerned. A composite containing 64:16:20 wt.% ratio had the best mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity and slightly high expansion coefficient. This work demonstrates the complimentary properties of the graphite fillers in the composites. It also reports for the first time, data on the effect of variation of the filler graphites on microstructure and properties of model low density compression moulded graphitic composites.gm2014Chemistryunrestricte
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