323 research outputs found
Higgs characterisation via vector-boson fusion and associated production: NLO and parton-shower effects
No full textVector-boson fusion and associated production at the LHC can provide key information on the strength and structure of the Higgs couplings to the Standard Model particles. Using an effective field theory approach, we study the effects of next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections matched to parton shower on selected observables for various spin-0 hypotheses. We find that inclusion of NLO corrections is needed to reduce the theoretical uncertainties on total rates as well as to reliably predict the shapes of the distributions. Our results are obtained in a fully automatic way via FeynRules and MadGraph5_aMC@NLO
Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata Kakui, Kajihara & Mawatari, 2007, n. sp.
No full textKudinopasternakia balanorostrata n. sp. (Figs 1–3) Material examined. Holotype, non-ovigerous female (ZIHU- 3252), 26 ° 20.39 ’N, 127 ° 26.24 ’E, north of Kuroshima Island, East China Sea, 646–709 m depth, sledge trawl, 27 May 2006. Diagnosis. Rostrum acute, onion-shaped. Pleonite epimera rounded. Propodus of pereopod 1 with four ventral spiniform setae. Etymology. The specific epithet, an adjective referring to the acorn-like shape of the rostrum, a composite word derived from the Latin noun balanus (acorn) and the Latin adjective rostratus (having a beak). Description of the holotype. Body (Fig. 1 A, 1 a 1). Dorsoventrally flattened, 4.65 mm in length, about 5.3 times as long as wide. Cephalothorax. About 0.2 times total body length. Eyes well defined but small, without any ommatidia or visual pigmentation. Rostrum small and acute, sides concave. Pereonites. Wider than long; pereonite 1 rectangular, wider than carapace or other pereonites, intimately joined with carapace; succeeding five free pereonites trapezoid in shape, widest posteriorly; pereonites 4 and 5 subequal in size, similar in shape, and longer than pereonites 2, 3 and 6. Pleon. About 0.25 times total body length, with five pleonites and pleotelson. Pleonites all wider than long, with rounded epimera and pleopods. Pleotelson slightly wider than long, and shorter than three pleonites combined, with two simple setae at tip. Antennule (Fig. 1 B, 1 b 1). 1.2 times as long as carapace. Article 1 thick, almost as long as remaining articles and outer flagellum combined, with three outer and three inner simple setae and four broom setae; article 2 one-third length of article 1, with two outer and two inner simple setae and three broom setae; article 3 onethird length of article 2, with three simple setae; article 4 (common article) with one broom seta, and one simple seta at insertion of inner flagellum. Outer flagellum four-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with one simple seta and one aesthetasc; article 3 with two simple setae and one aesthetasc; article 4 with four simple setae and one broom seta at tip, and with transverse line halfway, bearing one simple seta. Inner flagellum biarticulate; article 1 with one simple seta; article 2 with three simple setae and one broom seta at tip. Antenna (Fig. 1 C). Narrow and a little longer than antennule; article 1 widens distally; article 2 with pseudosquama; article 3 with one simple seta; article 4 longest, with three distal simple setae and nine broom setae; article 5 naked; articles 6–9 with several simple and broom setae, as illustrated. Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig. 2 A) bipartite, with clumps of setae; distal margin minutely serrate. Mandibles (Fig. 2 B–D). Molar process well developed, bearing distal row of denticles and setae. Left mandible (Fig. 2 B) incisor with well developed distal denticles; setiferous lobe with four deeply bifurcate serrate setae; lacinia mobilis well developed, with four teeth. Right mandible (Fig. 2 C) incisor with two distal denticles; setiferous lobe with one bifurcate seta much stronger than others, and three biserrate setae; lacinia mobilis absent. Palp (Fig. 2 D) three-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with three pinnate setae; article 3 with 11 setulated setae. Labium (Fig. 2 E, 2 e 1). Lobe setulated on ventral margin. Palp well setulated, with bifurcate tip. Maxillule (Fig. 2 F, 2 f1, 2f 2). Palp biarticulate, with three subdistal setae (one of them broken, the others harpoon-tipped) and one terminal hook-tipped seta. Outer endite with 12 distal spiniform setae, two subdistal setulated setae, and several clumps of setae. Inner endite with four distal setulated setae and several clumps of setae on outer margin. Maxilla (Fig. 2 G, 2g 1). Outer lobe of movable endite with six simple setae and several minute spines on outer subdistal margin. Inner lobe of movable endite with six simple setae and two basally setulated setae. Outer lobe of fixed endite with five simple setae, two setulated setae, and three basally setulated trifurcate setae. Inner lobe of fixed endite with about 30 bifid-tipped setae and one biserrate seta. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 H, 2 h 1). Coxa well developed. Basis setulate on outer margin; five setulate setae along dorso-outer margin of coxa and basis (origin of specific setae from coxa or basis was obscure and remains uncertain). Endite with four basally setulated spiniform setae and five basally setulated setae on distal margin; with one spiniform seta, two setulated setae, one bifid-tipped seta, four basally setulated setae, and three coupling hooks on inner margin; outer margin setulated. Palp article 1 with one outer and one inner (very long) simple setae; article 2 with one outer long and 12 (11 medium-length and one long) inner simple setae; article 3 with seven (three medium-length and four long) inner simple setae; article 4 with 10 distal simple setae. Epignath (Fig. 2 I). Body setulated; terminal seta bifurcate on its extreme tip, setulated on distal margin. Cheliped (Fig. 3 A). Basis almost as long as carpus, 1.7 times as long as wide; with one ventrodistal and one ventromedial short simple setae. Merus longer than half the length of carpus, with two ventro-subdistal and one inner simple setae. Carpus with four ventral simple setae. Propodus with two simple setae at dactylus insertion; fixed finger with five simple setae on ventral margin, and two simple setae and row of lamellae on cutting surface. Dactylus as long as fixed finger, with three subterminal inner simple setae and row of lamellae on cutting surface. Exopod three-articulate; distal article with four plumose setae. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 3 B, 3 b 1). About 2.5 mm long, far longer than other pereopods. Coxa with two simple setae. Basis almost as long as combined length of merus and carpus, with several ventral simple setae. Ischium far wider than long, with one ventrodistal seta. Merus longer than carpus, with two dorsal and eight ventral simple setae, and one ventrodistal spiniform seta. Carpus longer than propodus, with six dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and one dorsodistal and three ventral spiniform setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with two dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and two dorsodistal and four ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus ventrally serrate, with one proximo-dorsal process; unguis one-third length of dactylus. Exopod three-articulate; distal article with four plumose setae. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 3 C). Almost two-thirds the length of pereopod 1. Coxa with one simple seta. Basis with several short setae and one broom seta. Ischium wider than long, with one ventrodistal seta. Merus almost as long as carpus, with four ventral simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with five dorsal, six ventral, and two distal simple setae. Propodus with nine ventral simple setae and one broom seta. Dactylus with two distoventral setae; unguis one-third length of dactylus. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 3 D). Shorter than pereopods 2 or 4. Otherwise like pereopod 2, except merus with two distal setae; carpus with four dorsal, seven ventral, and one distal simple setae; propodus with five ventral and two distal simple setae, and one broom seta. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 3 E, 3 e 1). Longer than pereopods 2, 3, 5 or 6. Basis with one simple seta and two broom setae. Ischium like that of pereopod 3. Merus shorter than carpus, with one dorsodistal and two ventrodistal setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with seven simple setae. Propodus longer than dactylus, with three ventral simple setae, one dorsomedial broom seta, and 18 serrate setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 3. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 3 F, 3 f1, 3f 2). Almost as long as pereopod 2. Basis with two simple setae and one broom seta. Ischium like that of pereopod 4. Merus as long as carpus, with three distal simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with eight ventral simple setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with three ventral and three distal simple setae, one dorsomedial broom seta, and nine outer ‘dendrite setae’ (see following Remarks). Dactylus like that of pereopod 4. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 3 G, 3g 1). Shorter than pereopod 5. Basis with two simple and eight broom setae. Ischium and merus like that of pereopod 5. Carpus longer than propodus, with nine ventral spiniform setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with two ventral and three distal spiniform setae, and nine outer dendrite setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 5. Pleopods (Fig. 1 D, 1 d 1). Biramous, in five pairs. Basal article with one ventral plumose seta. Exopod biarticulate; article 1 with one dorsal plumose seta; article 2 with about nine distal plumose setae. Endopod uniarticulated, with one ventral ‘distally hooked plumose seta’ (see Fig. 1 d 1) at midpoint and about eight distal plumose setae. Uropod (Fig. 1 E). Basal article and endopod combined about as long as pleon. Basal article with one simple seta. Exopod short, three-articulate, two simple setae at tip. Endopod, with serially repeated articles, with simple and broom setae as illustrated; distal article with four simple and two broom setae at tip. Remarks. Kudinopasternakia balanorostrata n. sp. is the fifth known species of the genus. It most closely resembles K. siegi (Viskup & Heard, 1989), but can be distinguished by the pointed rostrum that is onion shaped when seen from above and with an obvious lateral excavation behind the ocular lobes (K. siegi has a large, triangular rostrum, and no lateral excavation), the number of setae on article 2 of the mandibular palp (K. siegi has seven plumose setae), and the setation on the outer lobe of the fixed endite of the maxilla. K. balanorostrata differs from K. dispar (Lang, 1968) in not having a dorsodistal spiniform process on the cheliped carpus, from K. bispinosa Guţu & Heard, 2002 in the number of ventral spiniform setae on the propodus of pereopod 1 (K. bispinosa has two), and from K. larisae (Guţu, 1989) in the shape of the rostrum and pleonites. We here propose the term ‘dendrite setae’ for the bristles (Fig. 3 f 1) observed on the propodi of pereopods 5 and 6 in K. balanorostrata. In discussing the terminology used in tanaidacean taxonomy, Larsen (2003) adopted Watling’s (1989) definition of setae as articulated structures and spines as non-articulated structures. Previous researchers have used various terms to refer to structures possibly homologous to the ‘dendrite setae’ in K. balanorostrata: “transverse row of spinules” (Lang 1968), “row of dendrite spinules” (Viskup & Heard 1989), “row of setae” (Guţu 1989), and “small spines” (Guţu & Heard 2002). Since these all have an articulation between the bristle base and the surface of the propodus, they should be referred to as “dendrite setae” rather than “dendrite spinules.”Published as part of Kakui, Keiichi, Kajihara, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, Two new sphyrapodid species (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from southwestern Japan, pp. 37-54 in Zootaxa 1563 on pages 38-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17837
Kudinopasternakia
No full textKey to the species of Kudinopasternakia 1 Cheliped carpus with dorsodistal spiniform process ................................................. K. dispar (Lang, 1968) - Cheliped carpus without dorsodistal spiniform process.............................................................................. 2 2 Antennule outer flagellum eight-articulate, pleonite epimera pointed ..................... K. larisae (Guţu, 1989) - Antennule outer flagellum four- or five-articulate, pleonite epimera rounded............................................ 3 3 Propodus of pereopod 1 with two ventral spiniform setae ...................... K. bispinosa Guţu & Heard, 2002 - Propodus of pereopod 1 with more than two ventral spiniform setae........................................................ 4 4 Rostrum triangular.................................................................................... K. siegi (Viskup & Heard, 1989) - Rostrum onion shaped ............................................................................................. K. balanorostrata n. sp.Published as part of Kakui, Keiichi, Kajihara, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, Two new sphyrapodid species (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from southwestern Japan, pp. 37-54 in Zootaxa 1563 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17837
Light gravitino production in association with gluinos at the LHC
No full textWe study the jets plus missing energy signature at the LHC in a scenario where the gravitino is very light and the gluino is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and promptly decays into a gluon and a gravitino. We consider both associated gravitino production with a gluino and gluino pair production. By merging matrix elements with parton showers, we generate inclusive signal and background samples and show how information on the gluino and gravitino masses can be obtained by simple final state observables
Design of pharmaceutical tablet formulation for a low water soluble drug : search for the critical concentration of starch based disintegrant applying percolation theory and F-CAD (Formulation-Computer Aided Design)
No full textThe topic of this PhD work is to search the critical concentration of starch based disintegrant applying percolation theory and F-CAD (Formulation-Computer Aided Design) in order to design a pharmaceutical tablet formulation for a low water soluble drug. Critical concentration of maize starch (MS) for a ternary mefenamic acid (MA) tablet formulation with respect to a minimum disintegration time is investigated. Additionally implemented application of F-CAD to compute the disintegration time of MA tablet formulation is presented. This topic is related to push forward the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) / EMEA (European Medicines Agency) / PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency) and the exploration of the design space according to ICH (International Conference of Harmonization) Q8.
The results of this work shows that the application of percolation theory is not limited to binary tablet formulation. The critical concentration of MS described by the renormalized MS concentration, MS/(MS+MA) applying the renormalization technique is always equal 0.198 (dimensionless). Moreover the critical concentration of MS is optimized using the spline approximation with the dataNESIA software. It is leading to a minimum disintegration time at 0.206, dimensionless, renormalized, which is very close to the experimental value of 0.198. According to the percolation theory, a minimum disintegration time corresponds to the formation of a continuous water-conducting cluster through the entire tablet. The critical volume fraction of an ‘infinite cluster’ that water can diffuse through the entire MA tablets are calculated with taking into account for the geometrical considerations between MS and MA particles based on random close packed (RCP) spheres system. The critical volume fraction of MS is calculated by the multiplication of critical concentration of MS and the solid fraction of MA tablets; which is within the range of 0.16 ± 0.01 (v/v). It is concluded that the critical volume fraction for three dimensional lattices is equal to 0.16 ± 0.01 (v/v); which is useful for the calculation of the critical concentration of starch based disintegrant in order to design the pharmaceutical tablet formulation based on scientific approach proposed by ICH Q8 guidance.
In addition, the disintegration behavior in the neighborhood of the percolation threshold is explained mathematically by the basic equation of the percolation theory, yielding a critical exponent q equal to 0.28 ± 0.06 (Quality of fit: r2 = 0.84). This value is close to the critical exponent for three dimensional lattices (q = 0.4). Thus, it is important, within a planned experimental design to optimize the disintegrant to take into account the percolation theory. However it has to be kept in mind that the determination of the percolation threshold and critical exponent does not give an answer about the absolute value of the disintegration time. Dissolution Simulation (DS) module, which is the one of F-CAD based on cellular automata algorithm is used to simulate the disintegration time of a MA tablet. Disintegration time of tablet is assumed as the time elapsed till the water is detected at the geometric center of the virtual tablet. Comparison of experimental disintegration time of MA tablet and computed specific time point for water to reach the geometric center of the tablet by using F-CAD software has been carried out and shown an acceptable correlation (Correlation coefficient: r = 0.81). The detailed evaluation of the data shows that there is still a need for optimization of F-CAD for the calculation of the disintegration time in order to achieve a similar or the same performance like in the prediction of the dissolution profile of a tablet formulation. It is concluded that F-CAD software is the only software so far, which is capable of computing the disintegration time of tablets. The software has a great potential to be improved and to be not only used for the safe prediction of the dissolution profile of a tablet formulation but also for a safe prediction of the disintegration time. Thus, such a software is one of the tools for the substitution of laboratory experiments for the purpose of the design and development of new pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. The replacement of expensive laboratory experiments by in-silico experiments is an important issue to reduce development costs and to comply with the requirements of ICH Q8 exploring the design space with response surface methodology. The results of this thesis show in addition that the application of percolation theory is a must in order to detect percolation thresholds. It is important to know the response surfaces close to the percolation threshold of sensitive tablet properties such as the disintegration time to get information about the robustness of the selected formulation. In this context one has to put the question forward if the application of percolation theory should be an integral part of the guidelines of ICH Q8 exploring the formulation design space
Lucioblivio kozaensis Tomikawa & Kobayashi & Morino & Mawatari 2007, SP. NOV.
No full text<i>LUCIOBLIVIO</i> <i>KOZAENSIS</i> TOMIKAWA SP. NOV. <p> <i>Type material</i>: Holotype: female, 6.3 mm (appendages on slides and carcass in ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16662, shallow riverbed of the Koza River (33°32′10″N, 135°47′47″E), Kozagawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture, 11.iii.2004, collected by N. Matsumoto. Paratypes: two females, 4.2 mm (appendages on slide and carcass in ethanol), 3.4 mm (ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16663–16664, from 20 cm depth on the bank of the Seto River (34°52′50″N, 138°13′08″E), Terajima, Fujieda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, 3.xi.2004, collected by T. Torii; two females, 6.5 mm (appendages on slides and carcass in ethanol), 4.9 mm (ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16665– 16666, shallow riverbed of the Kirime River (33°47′N, 135°14′E), Inami Town, Wakayama Prefecture, February 2001, collected by K. Nishi.</p> <p> <i>Specimen for SEM observation</i>: Female, 5.6 mm, data as for holotype.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The species name is from the Latinized Japanese <i>kozaensis</i> (of Koza), referring to the type locality of the new species.</p> <p> <i>Description: Holotype, female, NSMT-Cr 16662</i>. Head (Fig. 13): shorter than pereonites 1 and 2 combined; inferior antennal sinus shallow; eyes absent; rostrum short; lateral cephalic lobe weakly pointed. Antenna 1 (Fig. 14A): length about 0.6 × body length; peduncular articles 1, 2 and 3 with length rations 1.0: 0.9: 0.3; posterior margin of article 1 with 3 robust setae, posterodistal part with single robust seta; articles 2–3 with lateral and medial setae; accessory flagellum 2- articulate (Fig. 14B); primary flagellum 20-articulate, each article with 1 aesthetasc, calceoli lacking (Fig. 14C). Antenna 2 (Fig. 14D): about half the length of antenna 1; peduncular articles 4–5 with lateral and medial setae; length of article 4 1.3 × length of article 5; article 5 with 5 calceoli (Fig. 14E); flagellum 11- articulate, articles with calceoli.</p> <p>Pereonites 1–7 (Fig. 13): smooth, with fine setae. Pleonites 1–3 (Fig. 15E–G): dorsal margin of each with 4 setae. Coxae: coxae 1–4 with marginal and facial setae; posterior margin of coxa 4 widely excavate (Fig. 17C); anterior lobe of coxae 5–6 dominant (Fig. 17E, F); coxa 7 shallow, 0.5 × as deep as wide (Fig. 17H). Urosomites 1–3 (Fig. 15H–J): dorsal margin with pair of robust setae.</p> <p>Upper lip (Fig. 14F): ventral margin truncate, lacking marginal setae. Lower lip (Fig. 14G): outer lobes broad, shoulder acute, inner lobes fused, indistinct. Mandible (Fig. 14H): left and right incisors 5- and 4-dentate, respectively (Fig. 14I, K); left lacinia mobilis 4-dentate (Fig. 14I), right lacinia finely dentate (Fig. 14K); molar weak, not triturative, without seta; palp articles 1, 2 and 3 with length ratios 1.0: 2.5: 2.5; article 1 unarmed; article 2 with 12 marginal setae; article 3 with 2 A-setae, pair of B-setae, many D- setae, and Esetae, outer face without fine setae, apical margin with fine setae (Fig. 14J). Maxilla 1 (Fig. 14L): inner plate ovate, with 2 apical plumose setae; outer plate with seven robust serrate setae (Fig. 14N); palp article 2 with 3 robust setae and 5 slender setae apically (Fig. 14M). Maxilla 2 (Fig. 14O): inner plate with 2 plumose facial setae in oblique row. Maxilliped (Fig. 15A): inner plate short, reaching base of palp article 1, quadrate, apically with 1 robust seta and 2 weakly plumose setae (Fig. 15B); outer plate narrowing distally, not reaching middle of palp article 2, with row of robust setae extending from apex along medial margin (Fig. 15C); palp article 2 long, length 1.9 × length of article 1 and 1.8 × length of article 3; articles 2 and 3 medially setose, article 3 with apical lobe.</p> <p>J</p> <p>E</p> <p>F</p> <p>Gnathopods: dissimilar in size and form. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 16A): anterior and posterior margins of basis with long setae; ischium and merus short, ventral margin of merus setose; carpus short, length 0.3 × length of propodus, not lobate, with medial setae, ventral margin lined with setae; propodus stout, palm lined with small triangular protuberances, 16 robust setae, inner distal corner with 3 robust setae (Fig. 16B); dactylus curved, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 16B). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 16C): anterior and posterior margins of basis with long setae; carpus long, length 0.6 × length of propodus, with medial setae, not lobate, ventral margin lined with setae; propodus more slender than that of gnathopod 1, palm lined with small triangular protuberances, 12 robust setae, inner distal corner with 2 robust setae (Fig. 16D); dactylus curved, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 16D).</p> <p>Pereopod 3 (Fig. 17A): slender, anteroproximal and posterior margins of basis with long setae; ischium short, almost as long as width; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.0: 0.8, with short setae marginally; length of dactylus 0.4 × length of propodus, anteroproximal and posterior margin each with single seta (Fig. 17B). Pereopod 4 (Fig. 17C): like pereopod 3, except: length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.1: 1.0; length of dactylus 0.3 × length of propodus (Fig. 17D). Pereopod 5 (Fig. 17E): anterior margin of basis with robust setae, posterior margin with fine setae, posteroventral lobe rounded; ischium short, about as long as wide; merus–dactylus missing. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 17F): like pereopod 5, except: length of ischium 1.2 × its width; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.4: 1.4; dactylus slender, length 0.2 × length of propodus, with short seta anteriorly (Fig. 17G). Pereopod 7 (Fig. 17H): like pereopod 5, except: ischium short, length 0.9 × width; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.4: 1.4; dactylus stout, length 0.2 × length of propodus, with anterior seta (Fig. 17I).</p> <p>F</p> <p>Brood plates: narrow, lacking brood setae, on pereopods 2–5. Pleopods (Fig. 17J, M, N): peduncle and rami long; retinacula paired, without associate setae (Fig. 17K); inner basal margin of inner ramus of pleopods 1–3 with 3, 2, and 2 bifid setae, respectively (Fig. 17L); outer ramus 12-, inner ramus 9-articulate. Epimeral plates 1–3 (Fig. 15K–M): not pointed posterodistally, lacking ventromarginal setae, posterior margins with 1, 1, and 3 setae, respectively.</p> <p>Uropod 1 (Fig. 15N): length of peduncle 1.2 × length of inner ramus, with robust setae on dorsolateral and dorsomedial margins, and with 4 basofacial robust setae; length of outer ramus 0.9 × length of inner ramus, outer and inner margins each with 2 robust setae; outer and inner margins of inner ramus with 2 and 4 robust setae, respectively. Uropod 2 (Fig. 15O): length of peduncle 0.8 × length of inner ramus, with robust setae on dorsolateral and dorsomedial margins; length of outer ramus 0.6 × length of inner ramus, with 3 robust setae dorsally; outer and inner margins of inner ramus with 2 and 4 robust setae, respectively. Uropod 3 (Fig. 15P–R): length of peduncle 0.4 × length of inner ramus, with single robust seta; outer ramus uniarticulate, outer margin with pair of robust setae and 2 clusters of robust setae, and single robust seta; inner margin with single simple seta, 2 robust setae, and 2 pairs of robust setae; inner ramus long, length 0.9 × length of outer ramus, outer margin with single simple seta and 3 robust setae. Telson (Fig. 15S): length 1.6 × basal maximum width, dorsolateral margins with 2 robust setae and 2 fine setae, each lobe with robust seta apically; cleft 48%.</p> <p> <i>SEM observation</i>: One female was observed via SEM. Calceolus (Fig. 18A, B), stalk, and bulla well developed; concavity of proximal element shallow; distal</p> <p> <i>Eogammarus kygi</i></p> <p> <i>Locustogammarus locustoides</i></p> <p> <i>Barrowgammarus macginitiei</i></p> <p> <i>Jesogammarus jesoensis</i></p> <p> <i>Spasskogammarus spasskii</i></p> <p> <i>Anisogammarus pugettensis</i></p> <p> <i>Carineogammarus makarovi</i></p> <p> <i>Lucioblivio kozaensis</i></p> <p> <i>Gammarus nipponensis</i></p> <p> <i>Mesogammarus melitoides</i></p> <p> <i>Octopupilla felix</i></p> <p> <i>Eoniphargus kojimai</i></p> <p> <i>Crangonyx floridanus</i></p> <p> <i>Melita</i> sp.</p> <p>0.02</p> <p> <b>Figure 19.</b> A, strict consensus tree obtained by maximum parsimony analysis; B, neighbour-joining tree. Numbers near branches indicate bootstrap values> 50%. Trees rooted by the outgroup taxon <i>Melita</i> sp.</p> <p>element with ten well-defined transverse bands. Lacinia mobilis of right mandible not bifid (Fig. 18C, D); molar weak, not tritulative (Fig. 18C, E).</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>: This species occurs sympatrically with <i>Eoniphargus kojimai</i> at Seto River, Shizuoka Prefecture, and with <i>Octopupilla felix</i> at Koza River, Wakayama Prefecture.</p>Published as part of <i>Tomikawa, Ko, Kobayashi, Norio, Morino, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, New gammaroid family, genera and species from subterranean waters of Japan, and their phylogenetic relationships (Crustacea: Amphipoda), pp. 643-670 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4)</i> on pages 661-668, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00277.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114592">http://zenodo.org/record/10114592</a>
Octopupilla felix Tomikawa & Kobayashi & Morino & Mawatari 2007, SP. NOV.
No full text<i>OCTOPUPILLA FELIX</i> TOMIKAWA SP. NOV. <p> <i>Type material</i>: Holotype: female, 7.7 mm (appendages on slide and carcass in ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16655, shallow riverbed of the Koza River (33°32′10″N, 135°47′47″E), Kozagawa Town, Wakayama Prefecture, 11.iii.2004, collected by N. Matsumoto. Paratypes: female, 5.9 mm (appendages on slide and carcass in ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16656, five females, 3.7–6.9 mm (ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16657, same data as holotype; two females, 6.4 mm, 5.5 mm (for each, appendages on slide and carcasses in ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16658– 16659, shallow riverbed of the Takatomi River, Kushimoto Town, Wakayama Prefecture, 19.vi.2003, collected by A. Ohtaka; two females, 6.2 mm, 5.5 mm (for each, appendages on slide and carcasses in ethanol), NSMT-Cr 16660–16661, from 60 to 80 cm depth on bank of Kaifu River (33°36′50″N, 134°19′29″E), Yoshida, Kaifu Town, Tokushima Prefecture, 6.x.2002, collected by Y. Morimoto.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The epithet of the species name is from Latin <i>felix</i> (happy, fortunate).</p> <p> <i>Description: Holotype, female, NSMT-Cr 16655</i>. Head (Fig. 7B): shorter than pereonites 1 and 2 combined; inferior antennal sinus deep, with rounded angle; eyes vestigial, represented by 8 pigment spots; rostrum short; lateral cephalic lobe rounded. Antenna 1 (Fig. 7C): long, nearly as long as body length; peduncular articles 1, 2 and 3 with length ratios 1.0: 1.0: 0.4; article 1 length equal to head length, posterodistal part with robust seta; articles 2–3 with lateral and medial setae; accessory flagellum 4-articulate (Fig. 7D); primary flagellum 41-articulate, articles with distal setae, calceoli and aesthetascs lacking. Antenna 2 (Fig. 7E): about half length of antenna 1; peduncular article 3 short, not reaching middle of peduncular article 1 of antenna 1; peduncular articles 4–5 with lateral and medial setae; length of article 4 0.9 × length of article 5; flagellum 21-articulate, articles with distal setae, calceoli lacking.</p> <p>Pereonites 1–7 (Fig. 7A): smooth, with fine setae. Pleonites 1–3 (Fig. 12A–C): smooth, with fine setae, each dorsal margin with 4 setae; pleonites 1–3 decreasing in length. Coxae: coxae 1–4 with many marginal and facial setae; posterior margin of coxa 4 widely excavate (Fig. 10C); anterior lobe of coxae 5–6 dominant (Fig. 11A, C); coxa 7 shallow, 0.5 × as deep as wide (Fig. 11E). Urosomites 1–2 (Fig. 12D, E): each dorsal margin with pair of clusters of robust setae. Urosomite 3 (Fig. 12F): dorsal margin with a pair of robust setae and a single robust seta.</p> <p>Upper lip (Fig. 8A): ventral margin weakly rounded, with fine setae. Lower lip (Fig. 8B): outer lobes broad, setulose, shoulder round; inner lobes partly fused, indistinct. Mandible (Fig. 8C, E): left and right incisors 5- and 4-dentate, respectively (Fig. 8D, F); left lacinia mobilis 4-dentate (Fig. 8D), right lacinia bifid (Fig. 8F); molar moderately strong, triturative, with single plumose seta (left molar broken); palp 3-articulate, articles 1, 2 and 3 with length ratios 1.0: 4.0: 3.0 on left mandible, 1.0: 3.0: 2.5 on right mandible; article 1 unarmed; article 2 with 14 or 15 submarginal setae; article 3 with cluster of A-setae, many D- setae, and 4 E-setae, with setulose outer face. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 8G, H): inner plate triangular, with 14 medial plumose setae; outer plate with 11 robust serrate setae (Fig. 8K); palp 2-articulate, longer than outer plate; article 1 unarmed; article 2 of right maxilla 1 with 7 robust setae and 3 slender setae (Fig. 8I); article 2 of left maxilla 1 with 6 robust setae and slender seta (Fig. 8J). Maxilla 2 (Fig. 8L): inner plate with 13 plumose facial setae in oblique row. Maxilliped (Fig. 8M): inner plate reaching end of palp article 1, quadrate, with 3 apical, and 1 robust subapical setae, and associated setae; medial margin with row of plumose setae in distal half (Fig. 8N); outer plate narrowing distally, reaching half of palp article 2, with row of robust setae extending from apex along medial margin (Fig. 8O); palp 4-articulate; article 2 long, length 1.8 × length of article 1 and 1.3 × length of article 3; both articles medially setose; article 3 with rugose apical lobe.</p> <p>Gnathopods: dissimilar in size and form. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 9A): anterior and posterior margins of basis with long setae; ischium and merus short, ventral margin of merus setose; carpus about equal to propodus in length, not lobate, with medial setae, ventral margin lined with setae; propodus stout, palm lined with small triangular protuberances and setae, inner and outer distal corners each with 3 robust setae (Fig. 9B); dactylus thick, curved, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 9C). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 9D): posterior margin of basis with long setae; ischium and merus more slender than those of gnathopod 1; carpus long, length 1.2 × length of propodus, not lobate, with medial setae, ventral margin lined with setae; propodus more slender than that of gnathopod 1, palm lined with small triangular protuberances and setae, inner and outer distal corners each with 3 robust setae (Fig. 9E); dactylus thick, curved, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 9F).</p> <p>Pereopod 3 (Fig. 10A): slender, posterior margin of basis with long setae; ischium short, almost as long as wide; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 0.8: 0.8, with short setae marginally; dactylus length 0.3 × length of propodus, with 2 setae (Fig. 10B). Pereopod 4 (Fig. 10C): like pereopod 3, except: length ratios of merus, carpus, and propodus = 1.0: 0.9: 0.8; dactylus with three setae. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 11A): anterior margin of basis with robust setae, posterior margin with short setae, posteroventral lobe rounded; ischium short, almost as long as wide; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.4: 1.6; dactylus length 0.3 × length of propodus, with 2 setae (Fig. 11B). Pereopod 6 (Fig. 11C): like pereopod 5, except: ischium short, length 0.8 × width; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.3: 1.6; dactylus slender, length 0.3 × length of propodus, with 2 setae (Fig. 11D). Pereopod 7 (Fig. 11E): like pereopod 5, except: ischium short, length 0.7 × width; length ratios of merus, carpus and propodus = 1.0: 1.5: 1.8; dactylus stout, length 0.2 × length of propodus, with 2 setae (Fig. 11F).</p> <p>Brood plates: narrow, lacking brood setae, on pereopods 2–5. Pleopods (Fig. 11G, J, K): peduncle and rami long; retinacula paired, without associated setae (Fig. 11H); inner basal margin of inner ramus of pleopods 1–3 with 3, 3, and 2 bifid setae, respectively (Fig. 11I); outer ramus 13-, inner ramus 11-articulate. Epimeral plates 1–3: not pointed posterodistally. Epimeral plate 1 (Fig. 12G): posterior margin with 2 setae. Epimeral plate 2 (Fig. 12H): posterior margin with 3 setae, ventral submargin with single robust seta. Epimeral plate 3 (Fig. 12I): posterior margin with 4 setae, ventral submargin with 2 robust setae.</p> <p>Uropod 1 (Fig. 12J): length of peduncle 1.5 × length of inner ramus, with robust setae on dorsolateral and dorsomedial margins, and with 3 basofacial robust setae; length of outer ramus 0.9 × length of inner ramus, outer and inner margins with 1 and 2 robust setae, respectively; outer and inner margins of inner ramus each with 2 robust setae, ventral margin with single slender seta. Uropod 2 (Fig. 12K–M): length of peduncle 1.1 × length of inner ramus, with robust setae on dorsolateral and dorsomedial margins; length of outer ramus 0.7 × length of inner ramus, outer and inner margins each with single robust seta; outer and inner margins of inner ramus with 1 and 2 robust setae, respectively. Uropod 3 (Fig. 12N): length of peduncle 0.5 × length of inner ramus, with 3 robust setae; outer ramus 2-articulate, terminal article distinct, length 0.3 × length of proximal article (Fig. 12P); outer margin of proximal article with pair and 4 clusters of robust setae, inner margin with 5 plumose setae, single simple seta, single robust seta, and 5 pairs of robust setae; inner ramus long, length 0.7 × length of outer ramus, outer margin with 3 plumose setae, single simple seta, and 4 robust setae. Telson (Fig. 7F): length 1.1 × basal maximum width, dorsolateral margins with 3 robust setae and 2 fine setae, each lobe with 3 or 4 robust setae apically in 1 row; cleft 63%.</p>Published as part of <i>Tomikawa, Ko, Kobayashi, Norio, Morino, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, New gammaroid family, genera and species from subterranean waters of Japan, and their phylogenetic relationships (Crustacea: Amphipoda), pp. 643-670 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4)</i> on pages 653-655, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00277.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10114592">http://zenodo.org/record/10114592</a>
Pseudosphyrapus quintolongus Kakui, Kajihara & Mawatari, 2007, n. sp.
No full text<i>Pseudosphyrapus quintolongus</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 4–9)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype, adult male (ZIHU-3253), 26°33.50’N, 127°44.98’E, west of Okinawa Island, East China Sea, 386 m depth, beam trawl, 22 May 2005. Paratype, ovigerous female (ZIHU-3254), 31°27.04’N, 131°40.12’E, east of Toi Cape, Pacific Ocean, 521 m depth, beam trawl, 19 May 2005; with three mancas in the marsupium (ZIHU-3255 and -3256; one destroyed during dissection).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Pleonites with laterally pointed epimera, unusually large on pereonite 5.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet, an adjective referring to the long lateral process on pleonite 5, is a composite word derived from the Latin adjectives <i>quintus</i> (fifth) and <i>longus</i> (long).</p> <p> <b>Description of male.</b> <i>Body</i> (Fig. 4 A, 4a1). Dorsoventrally flattened, gradually narrowing posteriorly, 3.20 mm in length, about 5 times as long as carapace width.</p> <p> <i>Cephalothorax</i>. About 0.23 times total body length. Eyes well developed, without any ommatidia or visual pigmentation. Rostrum pointed, almost triangular in shape.</p> <p> <i>Pereonites.</i> Wider than long; pereonite 1 rectangular, wider than carapace and other pereonites, intimately joined with carapace; succeeding five free pereonites trapezoidal in shape, wider posteriorly.</p> <p> <i>Pleon</i>. About 0.25 times total body length, with five pleonites and pleotelson. Pleonites all wider than long, with acute lateral process, pleopod, and ventral keel; lateral process on pleonite 5 much larger than others. Pleotelson as long as wide, and shorter than two pleonites combined; with two simple setae at tip.</p> <p> <i>Antennule</i> (Fig. 5 A, 5a1). 1.12 times as long as carapace. Article 1 thick, almost as long as remaining articles and outer flagellum combined, with four outer and three inner simple setae, and five outer broom setae; article 2 one-third length of article 1, with two outer and two inner simple setae, and three outer broom setae; article 3 one-third length of article 2, with three simple setae; article 4 (common article) with one seta, and one simple seta at insertion of inner flagellum. Outer flagellum five-articulate; article 1 and 2 wider than long, with a tuft of aesthetascs; article 3 half as wide as article 2, longer than wide, with one distal aesthetasc; article 4 much longer than wide, with one simple seta and one distal aesthetasc; article 5 with four simple setae and one broom seta at tip, and one medial simple seta. Inner flagellum biarticulate; article 1 with two simple setae; article 2 with three simple setae and one broom seta at tip.</p> <p> <i>Antenna</i> (Fig. 5 B). Narrow and shorter than antennule. Article 1 distally widens; articles 2 and 3 naked; article 4 longest, with two simple setae and nine broom setae; articles 5 and 6 naked; articles 7 and 8 with two simple setae; article 9 with one short and three long simple setae.</p> <p> <i>Mouthparts</i>. <i>Labrum</i> (Fig. 5 E) unipartite and naked. <i>Mandibles</i> (Fig. 5 F–I). Molar process well developed, without any denticles or setae. Left mandible (Fig. 5 F) incisor with two distal denticles; setiferous lobe digitate in shape; lacinia mobilis well developed, triangular in shape. Right mandible (Fig. 5 G) incisor with two distal denticles; setiferous lobe digitate in shape; lacinia mobilis absent. Palp (Fig. 5 I) three-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with one outer seta; article 3 with three pinnate setae. <i>Labium</i> lost during dissection. <i>Maxillule</i> (Fig. 5 J). Palp biarticulate, with one subdistal seta and one terminal hook-tipped seta. Outer endite with 11 distal spiniform setae and two subdistal setulated setae. Inner endite with four distal setae. <i>Maxilla</i> (Fig. 5 K). Outer lobe of movable endite with five setae (three of them pinnate, the others with the ends missing); with several minute spines on outer subdistal margin. Inner lobe of movable endite with eight simple setae. Outer lobe of fixed endite with eight simple setae. Inner lobe of fixed endite reduced, with one simple seta. <i>Maxilliped</i> (Fig. 5 L, 5l1). Coxa well developed, naked. Basis naked. Endite with three simple setae, four basally setulated spiniform setae, and two spiniform setae on distal margin; one setulated seta and three coupling hooks on inner margin. Palp article 1 with one outer and one inner (very long) simple setae; article 2 with one outer and eight (seven medium-length and one long) inner simple setae; article 3 with seven inner simple setae; article 4 with seven distal simple setae. <i>Epignath</i> (Fig. 5 M). Body setulated; terminal seta setulated on distal half.</p> <p> <i>Cheliped</i> (Fig. 6 A). Basis slightly smaller than carpus, 1.5 times as long as wide, with one distal simple seta. Merus narrow, as long as basis, with one ventromedial simple seta and one distal triangular process. Carpus with one ventral triangular process that bears two ventromedial simple setae; also with one ventro-subdistal and one dorsodistal simple setae. Propodus large, longer than basis or carpus, with two simple setae at dactylus insertion; fixed finger with three simple setae on ventral margin, and three simple, several short spiniform setae and blunt spines on cutting surface. Dactylus slightly longer than fixed finger, with three subterminal inner simple setae; several short spiniform setae and blunt spines on cutting surface. Exopod threearticulate; distal article with four plumose setae.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 1</i> (Fig. 6 B). About 2.4 mm long, far longer than other pereopods. Coxa present. Basis shorter than combined length of merus and carpus, with several short setae. Ischium much wider than long, with one ventrodistal simple seta. Merus 1.5 times as long as carpus, with several dorsal and ventral simple setae, and one ventrodistal spiniform seta. Carpus longer than propodus, with five dorsal and three (one short and two long) ventral simple setae, and one dorsodistal and two ventral spiniform setae. Propodus slightly shorter than dactylus, with three dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and two dorsodistal and three ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus ventrally serrate; unguis less than one-fourth length of dactylus. Exopod three-articulate; distal article with four plumose setae.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 2</i> (Fig. 6 C). Less than two-thirds length of pereopod 1. Coxa with one simple seta. Basis long and thin, with two short setae and two broom setae. Ischium wider than long, with one ventrodistal seta. Merus slightly shorter than carpus, with four simple setae. Carpus a little longer than propodus, with five (one short and four long) dorsal, four ventral, and one distal simple setae, and one ventral spiniform seta. Propodus with three dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and three ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus slender, longer than propodus, with two ventromedial setae; unguis one-third length of dactylus.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 3</i> (Fig. 6 D). Shorter than pereopod 2. Otherwise like pereopod 2, except basis with one simple seta and three broom setae, and merus much shorter than carpus; merus with three simple setae; propodus with two dorsal and one ventral simple setae, one dorsal broom seta, and three ventral spiniform setae; dactylus with one ventromedial simple seta; unguis one-third length of dactylus.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 4</i> (Fig. 6 E). Shorter than pereopod 2. Coxa with one simple seta. Basis with one simple seta and four broom setae. Ischium like that of pereopod 3. Merus shorter than carpus, with two ventrodistal simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with two dorsal and four ventral simple setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with two ventral spiniform setae and 19 serrate setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 3.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 5</i> (Fig. 6 F). Almost as long as pereonite 3. Coxa with one simple seta. Basis with two simple setae and three plumose setae. Ischium like that of pereopod 4. Merus shorter than carpus, with three distal simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with six ventral simple setae. Propodus shorter than dactylus, with three distal spiniform setae, one distal serrate seta, and four outer dendrite setae. Dactylus like that of pereopod 4.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 6</i> (Fig. 6 G). Shortest pereopod. Basis with one simple seta and six plumose setae. Ischium like that of pereopod 5. Merus shorter than carpus, with two distal setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with four simple setae. Propodus and dactylus like those of pereopod 5.</p> <p> <i>Pleopods</i> (Fig. 5 C). Biramous in five pairs. Basal article with one ventral plumose seta. Exopod biarticulate; article 1 with one dorsal plumose seta; article 2 with about seven distal plumose setae. Endopod uniarticulate, with one ventral distally hooked plumose seta at midpoint and about seven distal plumose setae.</p> <p> <i>Uropod</i> (Fig. 5 D). Basal article and endopod combined slightly shorter than pleon. Basal article with three simple setae. Exopod short, three-articulate, two simple setae at tip. Endopod with serially repeated articles, with simple setae and broom setae as illustrated; distal article with four simple setae and two broom setae at tip.</p> <p> <b>Description of female.</b> <i>Body</i> (Fig. 4 B, 4b1). Dorsoventrally flattened, gradually narrowing posteriorly, 2.42 mm in length, about 4.3 times as long as carapace width; with three mancas in marsupium.</p> <p> <i>Cephalothorax</i>. About 0.25 times total body length. Eyes well developed, without any ommatidia or visual pigmentation. Rostrum pointed, sides slightly concave.</p> <p> <i>Pereonites.</i> Like those of male.</p> <p> <i>Pleon</i>. About 0.24 times total body length, with five pleonites and pleotelson. Pleonites like those of male. Pleotelson as long as wide, and as long as two pleonites combined; with three simple setae at tip.</p> <p> <i>Antennule</i> (Fig. 7 A, 7a1). 1.06 times as long as carapace. Article 1 thick, longer than remaining articles and outer flagellum combined, with four outer and three inner simple setae, and eight broom setae; article 2 one-fourth length of article 1, with one outer and two inner simple setae, and six broom setae; article 3 onefourth length of article 2, with three simple setae; article 4 (common article) with one broom seta, and one simple seta at insertion of inner flagellum. Outer flagellum three-articulate, all articles longer than wide; article 1 with one aesthetasc; article 2 with one simple seta and one aesthetasc; article 3 with three distal and one medial simple setae, and one distal broom seta. Inner flagellum biarticulate; article 1 with one simple seta; article 2 with three simple and two broom setae at tip.</p> <p> <i>Antenna</i> (Fig. 7 B). Narrow and shorter than antennule. Articles 1–5 like those of male; article 6 with two simple setae and one broom seta; article 7 with two simple setae; article 8 with three simple setae.</p> <p> <i>Mouthparts</i>. <i>Labrum</i> (Fig. 7 E) unipartite, setulated on distal margin. <i>Mandibles</i> (Fig. 7 F, 7G). Molar process well developed, bearing distal row of denticles and several setulated setae. Left mandible (Fig. 7 F) incisor with four distal denticles; setiferous lobe with five serrate setae; lacinia mobilis well developed, with four teeth. Right mandible (Fig. 7 G) incisor with distal denticles; setiferous lobe with one four-pronged seta much stronger than others, and three serrate setae; lacinia mobilis absent. Palp three-articulate; article 1 naked; article 2 with one bipinnate seta; article 3 with three pinnate setae. <i>Labium</i> (Fig. 7 H, 7h1). Lobe with setulated spines on outer margin. Palp with several simple setae and two bifurcate setae at tip. <i>Maxillule</i> (Fig. 7 I). Palp biarticulate, with one subdistal and one terminal hook-tipped seta. Outer endite with 11 distal spiniform setae, two subdistal setulated setae, and several clumps of setae. Inner endite with four distal setulated setae and one outer process. <i>Maxilla</i> (Fig. 7 J, 7j1). Outer lobe of movable endite with five setulated setae; with several minute spines on outer subdistal margin. Inner lobe of movable endite with four simple setae and four setulated setae. Outer lobe of fixed endite with six setulated setae, two setulated spiniform setae, two basally setulated trifurcate spiniform setae, and one four-pronged spiniform seta. Inner lobe of fixed endite with about 24 bifid-tipped setae and four biserrate setae. <i>Maxilliped</i> (Fig. 7 K, 7k1, 7k2). Coxa well developed. Basis setulate on outer margin, with one ventral simple setae; seven setulated setae along dorso-outer margin of coxa and basis (origin of specific setae from coxa or basis was obscure and remains uncertain). Endite with four basally setulated spiniform setae and five setulated setae on distal margin; five basally setulated setae, one setulated seta, one setulated bifid-tipped seta, and two coupling hooks on inner margin. Palp like that of male. <i>Epignath</i> (Fig. 7 L). Body setulated; terminal seta setulated on distal margin.</p> <p> <i>Cheliped</i> (Fig. 8 A, 8a1). Basis almost as long as carpus, 1.9 times as long as wide, with one ventromedial and one distal simple setae. Merus shorter than basis, with one ventromedial simple seta. Carpus with two ventromedial, one ventro-subdistal, and one dorsodistal simple setae. Propodus and dactylus like those of male, except cutting surface flat, with row of lamellae instead of short spiniform setae. Exopod like that of male.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 1</i> (Fig. 8 B). About 1.5 mm long, far longer than other pereopods. Coxa with two simple setae. Basis as long as combined length of merus and carpus, with one broom seta. Ischium much wider than long, naked. Merus 1.3 times as long as carpus, with two dorsal and six ventral simple setae, and one ventrodistal spiniform seta. Carpus slightly longer than propodus, with five (one short and four long) dorsal and five ventral simple setae, and one dorsodistal and two ventral spiniform setae. Propodus longer than dactylus, with four dorsal and two ventral simple setae, and two dorsodistal and four ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus ventrally serrate; unguis one-fourth length of dactylus. Exopod like that of male.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 2</i> (Fig. 8 C). Two-thirds length of pereopod 1. Coxa, basis and ischium like those of male. Merus as long as carpus, with three simple setae. Carpus like that of male. Propodus with four dorsal and one ventral simple setae, and four ventral spiniform setae. Dactylus with one ventromedial seta; unguis one-third length of dactylus.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 3</i> (Fig. 8 D). Shortest pereopod. Coxa like that of male. Basis with four broom setae. Ischium naked. Merus shorter than carpus, with two simple setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with four (one short and three long) dorsal, four ventral, and one distal simple setae, and one ventral spiniform seta. Propodus like that of male. Dactylus with two ventromedial setae; unguis one-third length of dactylus.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 4</i> (Fig. 8 E). Like that of male, except the number of serrate setae on propodus is 20; dactylus with one dorsal and one ventromedial simple setae.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 5</i> (Fig. 8 F). Shorter than pereonite 4. Coxa, ischium, merus and dactylus like those of male. Basis with one distal simple seta and five broom setae. Carpus longer than propodus, with four simple setae. Propodus as long as dactylus, with three distal spiniform setae, one distal serrate seta, and three outer dendrite setae.</p> <p> <i>Pereopod 6</i> (Fig. 8 G). Almost as long as pereopod 3. Ischium and carpus like those of male. Basis with six broom setae. Merus shorter than carpus, with two dorsodistal and one ventrodistal setae. Propodus like that of pereopod 5. Dactylus like that of pereopod 4.</p> <p> <i>Pleopods</i> (Fig. 7 C). Like those of male, except for the number of distal plumose setae on exopod (about five) and endopod (about four).</p> <p> <i>Uropod</i> (Fig. 7 D). Basal article and endopod combined slightly longer than pleon. Basal article with two simple setae. Exopod and endopod like those of male.</p> <p> <i>Manca I hatchling</i>. Length 0.5 mm. Rostrum pointed, sides concave. Cheliped carpus with one simple seta. Five pereopods present. Single exopods present on cheliped; pereopods 1, 4, and 5; several setae on the its distal end; exopods on cheliped and pereopod 1 shorter than those on pereopods 4 and 5 (Fig. 9 A–C). Propodus of pereopod 1 with two ventral spiniform setae.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Pseudosphyrapus quintolongus</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is the sixth known species of the genus; it is characterized by pointed epimera, which are much larger on pleonite 5. As with <i>P</i>. <i>quintolongus</i>, <i>P. serratus</i> (G.O. Sars, 1882) and <i>P. vladimiri</i> Guţu, 1989 are reported to have pointed epimera, but their lateral processes are all equal in length (G.O. Sars 1885; Guţu 1989). The other congeners, viz., <i>P. anomalus</i> (G.O. Sars, 1869), <i>P. c e n - tobi</i> Băcescu, 1981, and <i>P. g u t u i</i> Kudinova-Pasternak, 1985, have rounded epimera (G.O. Sars 1899; Băcescu 1981; Kudinova-Pasternak 1985) and can thus easily be distinguished from <i>P</i>. <i>quintolongus</i>.</p> <p>Our specimens, comprising one male and one female, were collected from two localities 650 km apart. We identified these two individuals as conspecific, since 1) both possess the large lateral process on pleonite 5; 2) both have two setae on the maxillular palp; 3) both have two ventromedial and one ventro-subdistal simple setae on the cheliped carpus (Figs 6 A, 8A); and 4) both have similar setation patterns on the appendages.</p> <p> Among the five known species of the genus <i>Pseudosphyrapus</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>anomalus</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>serratus</i> have been described for both sexes (G.O. Sars 1869, 1882, 1885, 1899). Sexual dimorphism in these species involves body shape (males longer and much more slender than females), the antennule (males have more articles in outer flagellum than females), the general shape of the cheliped (e.g., males have a longer merus than females), pereopod 1 (the carpus is longer in males than in females), and the pleopods (males have more distal plumose setae on the exopod and endopod than do females). In addition to these differences, <i>P. quintolongus</i> shows sexual dimorphism in the mouthparts; that is, the mandibles, maxillae, and maxillipeds are simpler in structure in the male. The male maxillipeds in <i>Pseudosphyrapus</i> sp. A described by Larsen (2005) are also simpler than those of the female (the inner margin of the endite lacks setae).</p> <p> The manca I hatchling (<i>sensu</i> Larsen 2003) from the female paratype has one ventral simple seta on the cheliped carpus and two ventral spiniform setae on the propodus of pereopod 1; since adults have more setae on these articles, these setae must increase in number during development (see Larsen 2005). On the other hand, there are two ventral spiniform setae on the carpus of pereopod 1 in both the manca I hatchling and the adult, so this character may not be ontogenetic. Furthermore, this character is consistent among species, and thus can be used as one of the diagnostic characters for this genus.</p>Published as part of <i>Kakui, Keiichi, Kajihara, Hiroshi & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2007, Two new sphyrapodid species (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from southwestern Japan, pp. 37-54 in Zootaxa 1563</i> on pages 43-53, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/178370">10.5281/zenodo.178370</a>
Dactylopleustes yoshimurai Tomikawa, Hendrycks & Mawatari, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textDactylopleustes yoshimurai sp. nov. [Japanese name: Ezotengunouniyadori, new] (Figures 1 –5) Type material Holotype: ovigerous female, 4.3 mm (12 slides), NSMTCr 15894, Itanki, Muroran City, Hokkaido, 42 ° 20 'N, 141 ° 1 'E, 17 October 2003, collector K. Yoshimura. Paratypes: one ovigerous female, 5.4 mm (undissected), NSMTCr 15895; two juveniles, 3.3 mm and 3.4 mm (24 slides); three juveniles, 2.9, 2.9, 3.2 mm (undissected), CMNC 2004 1306, same data as holotype. All specimens were found in association with the urchin, S. intermedius. Other material Two juveniles (3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, slide mounts), taken from S. intermedius, Fukushima Town, Hokkaido, 17 December 2003, collector K. Yoshimura: 17 juveniles (2.7–3.9 mm), taken from S. intermedius, Tomiura, Noboribetsu City, Hokkaido, 19 November 2003, collector K. Yoshimura. Diagnosis Antenna 1 subequal to antenna 2, accessory flagellum minute, onearticulate; pereopods 5–7, posterodistal lobes of basis angular, anterior margins of propodus with 15 –21, 13– 19, and 13–16 short spines respectively; upper lip, medial notch shallow; lower lip, outer lobes horizontal; mandible, palp article 2 with setae, accessory spine row with 13–14 slender blades; maxilla 1, outer plate with 17–18 spines; maxilla 2, outer plate with 9–12 stout, spinelike setae; maxilliped, inner plate with 6 small apical spines; uropods slender; telson length 1.4–1.5 times width. Description Holotype, ovigerous female, NSMTCr 15894. Head: length (excluding rostrum) exceeding pereonite 1; eye large, reniform; rostrum, blunt, deep, reaching about 0.5 times antenna 1 peduncular article 1; lateral head lobe narrowly rounded. Antenna 1: short, length about 0.3 times body length, length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 = 1: 0.54: 0.28; accessory flagellum small, scalelike, onearticulate; primary flagellum eightarticulate, articles with distal setae. Antenna 2: length subequal to antenna 1, peduncular article 4, length subequal to article 5, both with clusters of setae; flagellum short, about 0.7 times as long as peduncle length, ninearticulate, article 1 long, 1.7 times as long as article 2, articles with distal setae. Pereonites, Pleonites, and Urosomites: smooth. Coxae: coxa 1 shorter than 2, length 0.78 times coxa 2, ventrally rounded, with four cusps on hind corner; coxa 2–3 with four, and three cusps on hind corner; coxa 4, posteroventral lobe subacute, posterior margin strongly excavated; coxa 5, aequilobate, anterior lobe bare, posterior lobe with fine setae; coxa 6 with fine setae on posterior margin; coxa 7 bare. Upper lip (paratype, CMNC 2004 1306): ventral margin shallowly incised, lobes slightly asymmetric apically. Lower lip: outer lobes broad, horizontal; inner lobes deep. Mandible: left and right incisors eight and seven dentate respectively; left lacinia mobilis broad, eightdentate, right lacinia mobilis absent; left and right accessory spine rows with 13 and 14 slender blades respectively; palp threearticulate, ratio of articles 1–3 = 1: 2.5: 4.5, article 1 unarmed, article 2 with four inner marginal setae, article 3 with five marginal, four apical setae, and outer facial fine setae. Maxilla 1: inner plate (paratype, CMNC 2004 1306) small, with apical seta; outer plate broad, rounded apically, with 17 slender spineteeth; palp twoarticulate, longer than outer plate, article 2 with six apical spines. Maxilla 2: inner plate with 15 setae apically; outer plate distinctly bent distomedially, rounded apically, with 12 spinelike setae and three setae apically. Maxilliped: inner plate short, not reaching base of palp, apical margin sloping medially, with six evenly spaced apical buttonlike spines, two setae apically, and three setae medially; outer plate narrow, bent medially, with a strong apical spine and setae; palp fourarticulate, article 2 1.1 times as long as article 1, articles 3 and 4 with micropectination on medial margin. Gnathopod 1: basis, anterior margin setose, posterior margin weakly expanded, with medial setae; ischium short, with posterodistal seta; merus, ventral margin setose; carpus, length 2.1 times width, ventral margin with two clusters of setae and distal setae, with medial setae; propodus narrowly subrectangular, slightly curved, shorter than carpus, length 2.4 times width, ventral margin with 2 spines and setae, with medial setae, palm transverse; dactylus stout, overhanging palm, length 0.4 times article 6, with setae. Gnathopod 2: as for gnathopod 1 except basis narrower and longer; carpus, length 2.8 times width, ventral margin with three clusters of setae and distal setae, with medial setae; propodus, slightly narrow distally, length 2.8 times width, ventral margin with one spine and setae, palm slightly shorter than that of gnathopod 1, slightly parachelate. Pereopod 3: basis, anterior margin setose, with medial setae; ischium short, with posterodistal setae; ratio of merus–propodus = 1: 1: 1.3, posterior margin of propodus with 16 short spines; dactylus, posterior margin finely pectinate. Pereopod 4: as for pereopod 3 except basis setose on posterior margin; ratio of merus–propodus = 1: 0.7: 1, propodus relatively shorter and thicker than that of pereopod 3, posterior margin of propodus with 21 short spines. Pereopod 5: basis, posterior submargin with fine setae, posterodistal lobe angular; ischium short, anterior margin with spines; ratio of merus–propodus = 1: 0.66: 1, anterior margins spinose; propodus, anterior margin with 21 short spines, length 3.6 times width; dactylus, anterior margin weakly serrated. Pereopod 6: as for pereopod 5 except basis, inner surface with setae; ratio of merus–propodus = 1: 0.85: 1.3, propodus, anterior margin with 19 short spines, length 3.7 times width. Pereopod 7: as for pereopod 6 except; ratio of merus–propodus = 1: 0.77: 1, propodus, anterior margin with 16 short spines. Coxal gills: present on pereopods 2–6, pear shaped, laminar, largest gill on pereopod 4. Brood plates: broad, with simple marginal setae of medium length. Pleopods: peduncles, outer margin setose, retinaculae paired; pleopod 1, inner and outer ramus 11 and 12 articulate; pleopod 2, same as pleopod 1; pleopod 3, inner and outer ramus 10 and 11 articulate. Epimeron 1: narrow, posterior margin straight, with two anteroventral setae. Epimeron 2: posteroventral corner acuminate, ventral margin with 3 setae. Epimeron 3: wider than 1 and 2, posterior margin weakly convex, posteroventral corner produced into a broad tooth, ventral margin with seven setae. Uropods 1–3 slender, rami narrowly lanceolate, lacking terminal spine, marginally serially spinose. Uropod 1: peduncle spinose, length subequal to inner ramus, with nine dorsolateral and 7 dorsomedial spines; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner, with eight dorsolateral and four dorsomedial marginal spines; inner ramus with five dorsolateral and six dorsomedial marginal spines. Uropod 2: peduncle with one apicodorsal and one apicomedial spine, length 0.7 times inner ramus; outer ramus length 0.6 times inner ramus, with six dorsolateral and two dorsomedial marginal spines; inner ramus with four dorsolateral and five dorsomedial marginal spines. Uropod 3: peduncle length length 0.6 times inner ramus, with one apicodorsal spine, with two inner marginal setae; outer ramus length 0.5 times inner ramus, with three dorsolateral and one dorsomedial marginal spine; inner ramus with five dorsolateral and five dorsomedial marginal spines. Telson: with ventral keel, length 1.5 times width, dorsal surface with two setae, four penicillate setae, and 15 microscopic setules, lateral margins parallel. Egg number: 10. Male unknown. Dactylopleustes yoshimurai sp. nov., holotype female, 4.3 mm (NSMTCr 15894). Setae on pleopod rami are omitted. Pleopod retinacula (coupling spines) are shown enlarged. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise. Condition Without the upper lip and the inner lobe of the maxilla 1. The right uropod 3 is small, possibly due to an early stage of regeneration. Va r i a t i o n No males were collected, so sexual dimorphism could not be documented. The spine numbers of the propodus of pereopods 5–7 decrease in the smaller sized individuals. Remarks The new species is most similar to Dactylopleustes echinoides. The two differ from all other species of Dactylopleustes in having the following combination of characters: 1) the eye is large, reniform; 2) coxa 1 is distinctly shorter than coxa 2, with four cusps on the hind corner; 3) basis of gnathopods 1–2 are setose; 4) outer lobe of the lower lip is horizontal; 5) the medial notch of the upper lip is shallow; 6) palp article 2 of the mandible is much longer than article 1, with setae and 7) palp article 4 of the maxilliped is slender (see key below). Dactylopleustes yoshimurai is easily distinguished from D. echinoides by the following character states (states of D. echinoides are in parentheses): 1) antenna 1 with 8 articulate flagellum (vs 4–6), antenna 2 with 9 articulate flagellum (vs 4–5); 2) coxa 2 with four cusps on the hind corner (vs 3); 3) length of the propodus of gnathopod 1 is 2.4–2.8 times width (vs 2); 4) gnathopod 1 palm of the propodus is transverse (vs oblique); 5) pereopods 5–7, propodus with 15 –21, 13– 19, and 13–16 spines respectively (vs 11, 7, and 8); 6) pereopods 5–7, posterodistal lobes of basis are angular (vs round); 7) pereopods 5–7, length of propodus is 3.6–3.7 times width (vs 2.7–2.9); 8) pereopods 5–7, anterior margins of dactyls with very weak teeth (vs strong teeth); 9) uropods 1–3 are slender and long (vs short, stout); 10) telson, length 1.5 times width (vs 2 times); 11) outer plate of maxilla 1 with 17– 18 slender, spineteeth (vs 15); 12) outer plate of the maxilla 2 with 9–12 stout, spinelike setae apically (vs 6); 13) accessory spine row of the mandible with 13–14 slender blades (vs 7); 14) palp article 3 of the mandible is 1.7–1.8 times as long as article 2 (vs 1.4) and 15) palp article 2 of the maxilliped is longer than article 1 (vs shorter). Distribution Known from shallow water around Muroran, Noboribetsu, and Fukushima, Hokkaido.Published as part of Tomikawa, Ko, Hendrycks, Ed A. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2004, A new species of the genus Dactylopleustes (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae) from Japan, with a partial redescription of D. echinoides Bousfield and Hendrycks, 1995, pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 674 on pages 3-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15812
Figure 32 in A revision of Eogammarus Birstein, 1933 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Anisogammaridae), with a description of a new species
No full textFigure 32. Eogammarus possjeticus (Tzvetkova, 1967), Lake Akkeshi, Japan, female, 9.3 mm. (A) Antenna 1; (B) antenna 2; (C) gnathopod 1; (D) dactylus of gnathopod 1; (E) palm of gnathopod 1 (slender setae are omitted); (F) gnathopod 2; (G) dactylus of gnathopod 2; (H) palm of gnathopod 2 (slender setae are omitted); (I–K) coxa– ischium of pereopods 5–7; (L) brood plate of gnathopod 2; (M) uropod 3. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Published as part of <i>Tomikawa, Ko, Morino, Hiroshi, Toft, Jason & Mawatari, Shunsuke F., 2006, A revision of Eogammarus Birstein, 1933 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Anisogammaridae), with a description of a new species, pp. 1083-1148 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 40 (17-18)</i> on page 1134, DOI: 10.1080/00222930600828859, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10092125">http://zenodo.org/record/10092125</a>
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