39 research outputs found
The Role Exercise and Other Coping Mechanisms Play in Physician Assistant Burnout
No full textBurnout can negatively impact an individual’s physical and mental health (1). Mental health is very important in that it can affect how we think, act, and talk. It is essential to take the time to take care of yourself in order to avoid any mental health stressors. Caring for your physical self, eating healthy, taking adequate sleep, and exercising regularly can decrease effects of mental health (2). Stress is a day-to-day experience but burnout is a more serious consequence of the build-up of too much stress which causes the individual person to shut down (3). Burnout can have both physical and psychological consequences including
insomnia, family problems, personal distress, physical exhaustion, decrease in adequate patient care and use of alcohol and drugs (4). An American psychologist, Herbert Freudenberger, first envisioned burnout in the 1970s . He defined it as “a process that is caused by a depletion of energies, as well as feelings of being overwhelmed with many issues that may confront an individual in a work related setting” (5). An overwhelmed work place can also affect how you care for your patients to their satisfaction and drive physicians out of their profession. In a healthcare setting healthcare providers especially are prone to burnout. Physicians experience different types of stress including physical stress, emotional stress, acute stress, and chronics stress (6). An extended amount of scientific work suggest that there has been a positive effect of using exercise and other coping mechanisms to decrease burnout among healthcare professionals. When exercising your body releases endorphins that make you feel better (7). Participating in exercise has show that it can be related to lower emotional distress and lower rates of depression. It has also been shown that physical activity correlates with better mental health including fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression (8). Exercise and other coping mechanisms limit and decrease the effects of compassion fatigue in Physician Assistants. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the benefits of exercise and other coping mechanisms in reducing the amount of stress in physician assistants measured by the rates of burnout.
1. Papathanasiou, I. (2015). Work-related Mental Consequences: Implications of Burnout on Mental Health Status Among Health Care Providers. Acta Informatica Medica, 23(1), 22. doi:10.5455/aim.2015.23.22-28
2. Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas, 106, 48-56. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas. 2017.09.003
3. Lebares, C. C., Guvva, E. V., Ascher, N. L., O\u27Sullivan, P. S., Harris, H. W., & Epel, E. S. (2018). Original scientific article: Burnout and stress among US surgery residents: Psychological distress and resilience. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 226, 80-90. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.10.010
4.Bhatt, M., Lizano, D., Carlese, A., Kvetan, V., & Gershengorn, H. B. (2017). Severe burnout is common among critical care physician assistants. Critical Care Medicine, 45(11), 1900-1906. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002689
5. Oliver Ochentel, Crystal Humphrey, Klaus Pfeifer. (2018). Efficacy of exercise therapy in persons with burnout. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 475-484 (2018), (3), 475. Retrieved from https:// dominican.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.55cd827bcadc4c7fbd996dc522cda287&site=eds-live
6. Wolf, L. A., Perhats, C., Delao, A. M., Moon, M. D., Clark, P. R., & Zavotsky, K. E. (2015). Research Article: “It’s a Burden You Carry”: Describing Moral Distress in Emergency Nursing. Journal Of Emergency Nursing, doi:10.1016/j.jen.2015.08.008
7.Salmon, P. (2001). Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: A unifying theorydoi://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00032-X
8. Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition, 2(3a), 411-418. doi:10.1017/S136898009900056
Redirecting adult mesenchymal stromal cells to the brain: a new approach for treating CNS autoimmunity and neuroinflammation?
No full textMesenchymal stromal cells or stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to participate in tissue repair and are immunomodulatory in neuropathological settings. Given this, their potential use in developing a new generation of personalized therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) will be explored. To effectively exert these effector functions, MSCs must first gain entry into damaged neural tissues, a process that has been demonstrated to be a limiting factor in their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss approaches to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs by altering their intrinsic trafficking programs to effectively enter neuropathological sites. To this end, we explore the significant role of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules in directing cellular traffic to the inflamed CNS and the capacity of MSCs to adopt these molecular mechanisms to gain entry to this site. We postulate that understanding and exploiting these migratory mechanisms may be key to the development of cell-based therapies tailored to respond to the migratory cues unique to the nature and stage of progression of individual CNS disorders.Jasmine J Wilson, Kerrie L Foyle, Jade Foeng, Todd Norton, Duncan R McKenzie, Natalie Payne, Claude C Bernard, Shaun R McColl, Iain Comerfor
An Epidemiological Investigation of the Re-Emergence of Pancreas Disease in Irish Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in 2002
No full textIn the early 1990’s pancreas disease (PD) was shown to be the most significant cause of mortality in Irish farmed salmon (Wheatley et al., 1995, Menzies et al., 1996, Crockford et al., 1999). At that time the aetiology of PD was uncertain but in 1995 it was conclusively shown that PD was caused by a virus subsequently named salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV), (Nelson et al., 1995, McLoughlin et al., 1996). It has since been further classified and named salmonid alphavirus (Weston et al., 1999, Weston et al., 2002). The clinical and histopathological features of naturally occurring pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in Ireland were described by Murphy et al., 1992 and McLoughlin et al., 2002.
The original epidemiological studies of PD in Ireland indicated that mortality rates up to 48% have occurred in farmed Atlantic salmon in their first year in the sea on some individual fish farms (Menzies et al., 1996). PD was recorded in over 70% of marine sites monitored and the majority of PD outbreaks occurred during August to October (Crockford et al., 1999). A serological survey for the presence of SPDV antibody in 1996 revealed 53% of the sites (9/17) were positive and that not all positive sites had recognised clinical signs of PD. This indicated a relatively low incidence and severity of PD at that time (McLoughlin et al., 1998). This pattern persisted until 2002 when there was a serious increase in both the incidence and severity of PD reported on farmed Atlantic salmon marine sites in Ireland.
In order to identify factors associated with this re-emergence of PD in Irish farmed salmon, an in-depth epidemiological investigation was carried out on all marine sites. In trying to identify the cause of a disease from epidemiological studies the concept of time, place and individual is paramount, i.e. why did a particular disease occur in a particular animal or group of animals at a particular time in a particular place? Epidemiological study designs are chosen so that predictor variables are measured in affected and non-affected “units”. These “units” may be cells, animals, pens, farms or countries. The association between these predictor variables and disease is then examined. Where associations are demonstrated then risk factors for disease can be identified. A risk factor is a predictor variable associated with the disease. However the identification of a risk factor does not imply causation. The strength, consistency, temporality and dose response effect of the risk factor add weight to it being causal but only an intervention study where the risk factor is added or omitted can confirm this. Individual or univariate analysis of the relationship between a predictor variable and disease may result in an association being demonstrated. However it is dangerous to read too much into univariate analyses as factors which have been ignored, not measured or not seen as important may have a confounding effect. Multivariate analysis is used to try to provide estimates of association adjusted for the effect of confounding factors is a much more accurate and powerful epidemiological tool, but was of limited application in this snapshot survey of a single production cycle.
This report aims to describe the occurrence and severity of PD in Irish farmed salmon in 2002-2003 and to identify risk factors associated with the re-emergence of severe PD. Finally, recommendations are made on how PD can be managed to reduce its serious impact on the health, welfare and productivity of Irish farmed salmon.Funder: Marine Institut
Observational evidence against long-lived spiral arms in galaxies
No full textWe test whether the spiral patterns apparent in many large disk galaxies should be thought of as dynamical features that are stationary in a corotating frame for >~ t dyn, as implied by the density wave approach for explaining spiral arms. If such spiral arms have enhanced star formation (SF), observational tracers for different stages of the SF sequence should show a spatial ordering, from upstream to downstream in the corotating frame: dense H I, CO, tracing molecular hydrogen gas, 24 üm emission tracing enshrouded SF, and UV emission tracing unobscured young stars. We argue that such a spatial ordering should be reflected in the angular cross-correlation (CC, in polar coordinates) using all azimuthal positions among pairs of these tracers; the peak of the CC should be offset from zero, in different directions inside and outside the corotation radius. Recent spiral SF simulations by Dobbs & Pringle show explicitly that for the case of a stationary spiral arm potential such angular offsets between gas and young stars of differing ages should be observable as cross-correlation offsets. We calculate the angular cross-correlations for different observational SF sequence tracers in 12 nearby spiral galaxies, drawing on a data set with high-quality maps of the neutral gas (H I, THINGS) and molecular gas (CO, HERACLES), along with 24 üm emission (Spitzer, SINGS); we include FUV images (GALEX) and 3.6 üm emission (Spitzer, IRAC) for some galaxies, tracing aging stars and longer timescales. In none of the resulting tracer cross-correlations for this sample do we find systematic angular offsets, which would be expected for a stationary dynamical spiral pattern of well-defined pattern speed. This result indicates that spiral density waves in their simplest form are not an important aspect of explaining spirals in large disk galaxies
Malignant catarrhal fever due to Caprine Herpesvirus type-2 in a sika deer with alopecia in England
No full text[Extract]
Introduction:
• Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is associated with signs of systemic disease and death in ruminant species belonging to the subfamilies Bovinae, Cervinae, and Odocoileinae
• Variety of herpes viruses implicated including Caprine herpes virus (CpVH2) - disease reports from North America in Sika deer and white-tailed deer
• OvHV-2 and CpHV-2 have been detected in wild cervids in Norway (Vikøren et al.2006
Aircraft head-up display surface guidance system
No full textThe continues growth in aviation and passenger numbers is putting more
pressure on airports to become more efficient in order to reduce the number of
delays due to external factors such as weather, pilot deviation/errors and airport
maintenance traffic. As major hubs (e.g. Heathrow, New York or Paris) expand
in size to accommodate more traffic; aircraft surface movement and
management become more complex and the margin for error is even lower. The
traditional airport traffic management tools in large airports are increasingly
stretched to the limit in meeting safety and traffic throughput requirements. This
presents a huge challenge to the efficiency of airport operations because of the
increased number of departures and arrivals at those airports. New technology
for surface movement needs to be implemented in order to increase the safety
and airport capacity. The federal aviation authorities in the USA was first to
introduce the concept of Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control
System (A-SMGCS) to address this problem in commercial airdrome operations.
The system facilitates pilot recognition of the route designated by the traffic
controllers and uses warning information to make them aware of any potential
deviations/incursions. The system is introduced to enhance the efficiency of
surface movement by increasing the aircraft taxiing speed and reducing any
pilot errors during bad weather conditions.
This thesis focuses on the surface guidance system for aircraft equipped with
head-up display. A simulation model of the virtual environment using FlightGear
and Simulink is developed based on the study of a moving map and surface
guidance system for Head-Up Display (HUD) to assign the route, guide the
aircraft on the designated taxiway and avoid potential conflict with other aircraft.
A method of generating an airport in FlightGear and driving an airport moving
map to rotate and move is also illustrated which includes the data processing
flow chart and system flow chart. The Ordnance Survey National Grid and world
coordinate system is discussed and used to transform from GPS latitude and
longitude data to the position on Nation Grid.
There is also an explanation of the 3D viewing process to generate the virtual
taxiway geometries on the HUD. The communication between the traffic
console and airplane is also discussed
Qualitative exposure assessment for Salmonella spp. in shell eggs produced on the island of Ireland
No full textA qualitative exposure assessment for Salmonella in eggs produced on the island of Ireland was developed. The assessment was divided into three main modules (production and packing, distribution and storage, and preparation and consumption), and each of these stages into defined steps in the exposure pathway. In the production and packing stage the initial prevalences of Salmonella in the contents and on the shell of eggs were estimated to be negligible and low respectively. Numbers of Salmonella both in and on eggs were estimated to be low. At each subsequent step in the pathway, qualitative assessments were made of the impact of events on the probability and level of Salmonella contamination on the shells and in the contents of eggs. At the end of each module assessments were combined to give an overall probability and level of Salmonella contamination. In the first two modules the assessment focused on the effect of the duration and temperature of storage on yolk membrane integrity and the likelihood of shell penetration. During the final stage the influence of factors such as safe handling procedures, pooling practices, consumption patterns and the effectiveness of cooking, on the prevalence and level of Salmonella contamination in a food item at time of consumption was assessed. The outcome of this assessment was an estimate of a low probability and level of Salmonella contamination of egg containing foods, prepared with eggs produced on the island of Ireland
Exploratory Study in Pilot Communications: Verbal versus Texting Communication
No full textText messaging has been the cause of numerous vehicle accidents, and studies have been done in simulated driving tests to support this. The use of iPads in the cockpit has increased since the technology has been introduced and the proposed research seeks to investigate whether an iPad causes distraction for pilots. This study explored the differences in two different forms of communication – verbal and texting. Primary errors were in altitude deviations during text communication. Text messaging in the cockpit is not necessarily a distraction for pilots, but takes away from the scan of instruments resulting in errors
Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the UK
No full text[Extract]
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a viral disease characterised by lymphoproliferation, vasculitis and erosive-ulcerative mucosal and cutaneous lesions (Brown and others 2007, Russell and others 2009); it is commonly fatal. The antigenic 15-A epitope and base similarity in conserved regions have been used to define the group of MCF-causing viruses (Li and others 2001) and four viruses from the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, are currently associated with clinical MCF. The disease has been described in over 30 species of wild and domestic ruminant species (Heuschele 1988). Based on the host in which the virus was originally detected, the MCF-causing viruses include alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 (AlHV-1) from wildebeest, ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) from domestic sheep, whose reservoir host remains unidentified, the MCF-causing virus in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Li and others 2000), and caprine herpesvirus type 2 (CpHV-2), identified from domestic goats and a pig in Germany (Chmielewicz and others 2001), and from goats in North America (Li and others 2001). These viruses are considered to be usually transmitted directly from the reservoir host
