21 research outputs found
k-Zumkeller Graphs through Splitting of Graphs
No full textLet G = (V,E) be a simple graph with vertex set V and edges set E. A 1−1 function f : V → N is said to induce a k-Zumkeller graph G if the induced edge function f ∗ : E → N defined by f ∗(xy) = f(x)f(y) satisfies the following conditions:
f ∗(xy) is a Zumkeller number for every xy ∈ E.
The total distinct Zumkeller numbers on the edges of G is k.
In this article, we compute k-Zumkeller graphs through the graph splitting operation on path, cycle and star graphs
SINAPIC ACID ATTENUATES 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A] ANTHRACENE-INDUCED ORAL CARCINOGENESIS BY IMPROVING THE APOPTOTIC ASSOCIATED GENE EXPRESSION IN HAMSTERS
No full textObjectives: The main objective of the present study is to examine the histological changes and apoptotic associated gene expression during7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male golden Syrian hamsters.Methods: Squamous cell carcinoma was induced in the buccal pouch of male Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquidparaffin 3 times per week for 16 weeks to induce the development of oral tumors. Sinapic acid (50 mg/kg b.wt) were either applied topically to theoral tumor lesions or administrated orally at varying dosage to hamster animals with oral tumor for 14 weeks. The experiment was terminated at theend of 16 weeks. The development of oral carcinogenesis was confirmed by the histopathological analysis and expressions of apoptotic associatedgenes were analyzed by the immunohistochemical methods.thResults: We observed altered status of apoptotic associated gene expression (P53, B-cell lymphoma [Bcl-2], Bax, and caspase-3) was observedin the DMBA alone painted hamsters as compared to control hamsters. Oral administration of sinapic acid improved the histological changes andsignificantly stimulate the apoptotic associated genes expression, especially caspase-3 but decreasing Bcl-2 protein production.Conclusion: It can be evident from the findings of this research work concluded that oral administration of sinapic acid are effective at inhibitingtumor cell proliferation and stimulating apoptosis in oral cancer suggesting that sinapic acid have chemopreventive effects on DMBA-inducedexperimental oral carcinogenesis.Keywords: Apoptosis, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene, Hamster, Histology, Sinapic acid
Fuzzy Hypergraphs
No full textGraph theory has found many application area in science, engineering, and mathematics. In order to expand the application base, the notion of a graph was generalized to that of a hypergraph, that is, a set X of vertices together with a collection of subsets of X. In this chapter, we fuzzify the notation of a hypergraph and state some possible applications. In this article, we apply the concept of bipolar fuzzy sets to hypergraphs and investigate some basic theorems and some properties of bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs. Some basic concepts of bipolar fuzzy set are defined. It is shown that any bipolar fuzzy graph can be expressed as the bipolar fuzzy intersection graphs of some bipolar fuzzy sets
Mechanism of Oxidation of (p-Substituted Phenylthio)acetic Acids with N-Bromophthalimide
No full textThe kinetics of oxidation of (phenylthio)acetic acid (PTAA) by N-Bromophthalimide (NBP) in acetonitrile-water solvent mixture at 298 K in the presence of perchloric acid has been followed potentiometrically. The reaction is first-order each in NBP and PTAA and inverse fractional-order in H+. Also, it has been found that the reaction rate is not affected by changes in ionic strength of the reaction medium or by the addition of chemicals such as phthalimide, acrylonitrile and potassium bromide. However, an increase in the water content of the solvent mixture causes an increase in the rate of reaction. These observations have been well analyzed in favour of a SN2-type mechanism, involving NBP itself as the reactive species. Effect of substituents on the reaction rate has been analysed by employing various (p-sustituted phenylthio)acetic acids. The electron-releasing substituent in the phenyl ring of PTAA accelerates the reaction rate while the electron-withdrawing substituent retards the rate. The excellently linear Hammett plot yields a large negative ρ value, supporting the involvement a bromosulphonium ion intermediate in the rate-determining step
A bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Agrometeorology (JAM) from 2008 to 2022
No full textA quantitative analysis of scientific articles published in the Journal of Agrometeorology (JAM) between 2008 and 2022 was conducted using a variety of scientometric indicators. Various metrics were utilized to examine aspects including yearly research output, highly referenced sources, author rankings, contributions and profiles, cooperation trends, highly contributing nations, most cited papers, commonly searched keywords and worldwide collaboration mapping. This study employs biblioshiny for analysis and only looks at data that is available in Scopus database. With an h-index (17), a g-index (21) and 3238 total citations across the study period, the journal demonstrated considerable influence. With the greatest number of research publications (n=46) and the greatest number of citations (236), Pandey V stands out among other authors. In terms of the number of papers and citations, India emerged as the leading nation, with the Punjab Agricultural University in the lead with 744 publications. Four clusters were found by co-citation network analysis, with Allen RG being the most quoted author among them. The study also highlighted the fact that Indian authors worked together the most. This analysis is important for assessing the influence of the JAM and offers insightful information about noteworthy research trends and developments in the scientific community
Formulation Of Fish Feed Using Vermi Wash Fish Pellets Prepared From Recycled Kitchen Organic Waste And Feed Tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus) To Increase Fish Growth Under Controlled Condition.
No full textFish farming is hailed by some as a solution to the overfishing problem. However, these farms are far from benign and can severely damage ecosystems by introducing diseases, pollutants and invasive species. The damage caused by fish farms varies, depending on the type of fish, how it is raised and fed, the size of the production, and where the farm is located. analyzing the nutrient quality and improve in future and further research of our vermi wash fish pellets we can make informed decisions about using it as a soil amendment and fertilizer to support healthy fish growth and improve fish production in our indoor rearing center and ornamental fish rearing center.
 
Cyanobacterial metabolites as novel inhibitors of BACE1 implicated in Alzheimer's disease through in silico approaches
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a limited number of therapeutic options. β-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in the production of amyloid beta peptides, which are central to AD pathology. Targeting BACE1 has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. Therefore, the present study aimed to discover novel drug candidates from cyanobacteria for the treatment of AD through in silico research. In this study, Schrödinger tools were used to study the binding affinities and interactions of cyanobacteria metabolites with BACE1. Almost 120 cyanobacteria metabolites against BACE1 were used for the computational investigation. Ultimately, four marine-derived compounds, namely lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analogue 4, showed strong binding affinities to the active site of BACE1, forming crucial hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The binding energy values of these compounds suggest their potential as BACE1 inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these ligand-protein complexes over a period of 25 ns? Our results provide valuable insights into the potential of lyngbyastatin 7, homodolastin 3, lyngbyabellin E1, and symplostatin analog 4 as effective drugs for inhibiting BACE1. These marine-derived compounds are promising for further in vitro and in vivo studies. The present research suggests that these molecules could offer new avenues for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Regenerative agriculture for sustainable crop productivity: A comprehensive review
No full textRegenerative Agriculture is a promising concept that aims to address the challenges posed by conventional farming methods, which often lead to soil degradation and reduced productivity over time. The ultimate goal of regenerative agriculture is to revitalize the soil and landscape while offering environmental, economic and social advantages to communities. Prioritizing soil health and carbon sequestration are the key principles of regenerative agriculture. These principles include maintaining soil cover, minimizing disturbance, sustaining living roots year-round, fostering species diversity, incorporating livestock, and reducing synthetic inputs such as herbicides and fertilizers. The implementation of crop diversification and rotation techniques is a key strategy in regenerative agriculture. These techniques promote the cycling of nutrients into the soil and enhance the diversity of soil microorganisms such as bacteria. Agroforestry, another component of regenerative agriculture, contributes to carbon sequestration by utilizing stable deep-rooted systems and storing carbon within plant biomass. However, the overall efficacy of these methods may vary in different environments. Potential limitations include the upper thresholds for carbon sequestration and increased nitrogen demand. Although there are challenges to be addressed, regenerative agriculture shows promise in improving soil quality, crop productivity, and overall farm economics. This represents a shift towards more sustainable and resilient farming practices that could benefit the environment and communities
Effect of Chemical and Non-Chemical Weed Management Practices in Direct Seeded Rice
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, Tamil Nadu, India during the Summer of 2022 to study the effect of herbicide combination and non-chemical weed management techniques in puddled direct seeded rice. The experiment was laidout in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments include Pre emergence (PE) Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1, Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 70% WDG @ 21 g ha-1, Post emergence (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1, Power weeder, Hand weeding (HW), Weed free and Weedy check. The results revealed that, among different weed control treatments, PE application of Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS fb (PoE) Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS fb Power weeder at 30 DAS fb Hand weeding at 45 DAS (T5) recorded higher grain yield of 5422 kg ha-1 and B: C ratio of 2.35. The higher weed control efficiency of 83.52 % and 55.47 % was recorded at 30 and 60 DAS. Hence,it can be concluded that combination of PE (Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 20 g ha-1 on 3 DAS) and POE (Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 25 g ha-1 on 20 DAS) herbicides along with non-chemical weed management technique (power weeder at 30 DAS and HW at 45 DAS) was found to be effective for weed control in direct seeded puddled lowland rice to deal with the issues of labour shortage and weed infestation faced by farmers
A review on adaptive water management for climate-resilient rice: Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
No full textRice production is essential for global food security and socio-economic development, as it is a staple food for many people. However, low water-use efficiency/water productivity is noticed due to the high water input in the traditional transplanted rice ecosystem with stagnant water. On the other hand, climate change affects the hydrological cycle through precipitation, causing increasing water demand and major threats to the sustainability of rice cultivation and food security for the growing population. A significant need is to find out the balance between water conservation practices and their influence on greenhouse (GHG) emissions, mainly methane. This review gives insight into a comprehensive analysis of sustainable rice production systems that improve water productivity while reducing GHG emissions, a crucial gap in existing research. To overcome this, we evaluate key strategies like aerobic rice, alternate wetting and drying (AWD), direct-seeded rice (DSR), drip-irrigated rice, a system of rice intensification (SRI) and Internet of Things (IoT) based smart irrigation, highlighting the potential water use efficiency and reducing carbon footprints. Notably, we spotlight low methane-emitting rice cultivars and drought resistance right cultivars as promising low-emission rice cultivation solutions. Additionally, this article underscores the adoption of simulation models on water productivity and seasonal GHG emissions in rice. This review provides valuable insight for policymakers and researchers to optimize rice production under changing climatic conditions. This review underscores the need for effective water management practices to enhance food security while reducing environmental impacts
