114 research outputs found
Referendums in Latvia: theory and practice: year 2007-2008
No full textDarba mērķis ir apskatīt tautas nobalsošanas, kas notikušas Latvijā laikposmā no 2007.-2008. gadam. Kā zināms tādas bija kopskaitā trīs, kas ir nozīmīgs skaitlis Latvijai, ņemot vērā, ka vispār kopš neatkarības atgūšanas tādas bijušas vien septiņas. Lai sasniegtu šo darba mērķi, autorprāt, ir nepieciešams gūt plašāku ieskatu par tautas nobalsošanas institūtu un tiešo demokrātiju kā tādu. Tāpēc darba pirmajā pusē tiek pētīta tautas nobalsošanas rašanās vēsture, attīstība un tiešās demokrātijas loma mūsdienu valsts pārvaldē. Tiek noskaidrota tautas nobalsošanas jēga un mērķis. Darba otrajā daļā autors pēta darba nosaukumā minētās tautas nobalsošanas, analizē tautas nobalsošanas praksi un teoriju. Pētījuma gaitā iezīmējās vairāki problēmjautājumi, piemēram , autorprāt, nepilnīgais parakstu vākšanas procesa regulējums, kuru risinājumu priekšlikumus darba autors sniedz darba noslēguma daļā.The main goal of this paper is to explore the referendums that took place Latvia in the time period of year 2007-2008. In order to reach this goal, the author believes it is necessary to examine the referendum and direct democracy itself, to have a more large-scale and more objective point of view. By doing that the author in the first part of this paper, gives a short briefing on history of direct democracy and referendums as well as the development of it. The author finds out the original purpose of the referendum and examines where direct democracy and referendums stand nowadays. In the second part of this paper, the author analyzes the referendums in Latvia mentioned above. Also, the author gives his point of view on the recently approved amendments to the Latvian constitution (Satversme). By exploring referendums in Latvia and examining the problems that occurred when they took place, the author has come up with some possible amendments to the current regulation on referendums, which can be found in the final part of the paper
Representation of the Latvian football Elite league 2013 "fixed matches" in the site "sportacentrs.com": framing analysis
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “2013.gada Latvijas futbola Virslīgas “sarunāto spēļu” atainojums: vietnes “sportacentrs.com” rāmējumu analīze”. Darbā autors pētījis interneta vietnes “Sportacentrs.com” 2013.gada futbola Virslīgas “aizdomīgo spēļu” aprakstus. Visi pētījumam atlasītie “Sportacentrs.com” raksti ir analizēti pēc Džeimsa Tankarda rāmējumu identificēšanas pieejas.
Autors šādu pētījumu nolēma veikt, jo novērojis, ka Latvijas futbola Virslīgas spēles notiek ļoti daudz aizdomīgu darbību un izskan daudz informācijas par to, ka vairākas spēles ir sarunātas, tādēļ autors vēlējās noskaidrot, vai informācija par iespējamo spēļu negodīgumu parādās arī “Sportacentrs.com” spēļu aprakstos.
Darba gaitā noskaidrojās, ka “Sportacentrs.com” spēļu aprakstos neparādās informācija, ka kāda no spēlēm bijusi aizdomīga.
Atslēgas vārdi: Rāmējums, futbols, spēļu ietekmēšana, sportacentrs.com, Latvijas futbola Virslīga.Theme of this bachelor thesis is “Representation of the Latvian football Elite league 2013 "fixed matches" in the site "sportacentrs.com": framing analysis”. Author researched Virsliga 2013 match descriptions on “Sportacentrs.com” site of those games which are considered as fixed. All selected articles for this study was researched by James Tankard framing aproach
Author decided to conduct this study, because there is a lot of information about fixed matches in Latvian football, so author wanted to know, if this information is displayed in “Sportacentrs.com” articles.
At the end of the bachelor thesis, author concludes that in “Sportacentrs.com” articles there is no information about match fixing.
Keywords: Framing, football, match fixing, sportacentrs.com, Latvian football Virsliga
Kilka uwag wstępnych o systemach opieki długoterminowej
No full textIn this article author describes long term-care in european countries. Article begins by examination of different definitions of LTC in EU members. Then author analyzes organization, funding, scope and various categories of benefits.W artykule autor opisuje rozwiązania w dziedzinie opieki długoterminowej w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Dokonuje analizy różnych definicji opieki długoterminowej w poszczególnych krajach. Omawia rozwiązania organizacyjne, finansowanie oraz zakres przedmiotowy i podmiotowy poszczególnych świadczeń
Pr\uedrucka k eur\uf3pskemu a medzin\ue1rodn\ue9mu pr\ue1vu o soci\ue1lnom zabezpecen\ued = Manual on European and international social security law
No full textSkin Damage Prevention and Care Measures During the Operation
No full textBakalaura darba tēma – Ādas bojājumu profilakse un aprūpes pasākumi operācijas laikā. Operācijas laikā ķermenim ir jābūt elastīgi pozicionētam tā, lai operāciju varētu veikt precīzi, iegūstot nepieciešamo rezultātu. Ķirurģiska pacienta pozicionēšana ir gan māksla, gan zinātne, un tā ir viena no galvenajiem faktoriem drošas un efektīvas operācijas veikšanai. Tēmas aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka operācijas zālē māsai ir nozīmīga loma, jo viņa seko operācijas gaitai un ir blakus pacientam. Māsa pilda ārsta ordinācijas, izprot pacienta stāvokli kopumā, ievērojot arī ādas stāvokļa izmaiņas. Operāciju laikā īpaša uzmanība būtu jāpievērš ādas veseluma bojājumu riskam. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot ādas bojājumu profilaksi un aprūpes pasākumus operācijas laikā. Pētniecības uzdevumi ir: 1.Apskatīt un veikt literatūras analīzi par pacienta pozicionēšanu operācijas laikā un ādas aprūpes pamatprincipiem, lai mazinātu ādas bojājumu risku, 2.Analizēt K. Martinsen rūpju teoriju, saistībā ar pacientu aprūpi operācijas laikā, 3.Izstrādāt anketu praktizējošām māsām par pacientu ādas aprūpi un veseluma bojājumu riskiem un profilaksi operācijas laikā un veikt praktisku anketēšanu, 4.Apkopot un analizēt pētījumā iegūtos datus, 5.Izstrādāt secinājumus. Pētniecības procesa sākumā tika izvirzīta hipotēze: Ādas bojājumu profilakse ir veiksmīga, ja tiek ievērota pacienta pozicionēšana, ādas novērtēšana gan pirms operācijas, gan operācijas laikā. Pētniecības instrumenti: strukturēta anketa. Pētniecības metode: kvantitatīvā.Bachelor's thesis - Skin damage prevention and care measures during the operation. During the operation, the body must be flexible positioned so that the operation could be accurately obtaining the required result. Surgical patient positioning is as much art as science, and it is one of the main factors for the safe and efficient operation. Topicality to the fact that the operating room nurse has an important role, because she followed the progress of the operation and is next to the patient. The nurse performs medical ordinations, understands the patient's condition as a whole, taking into account the changes in skin condition. Operations, special attention should be paid to the integrity of skin damage risk. The objective is to clear up skin damage prevention and care measures during the operation. The research objectives are: 1. View and perform literature analysis of patient positioning during surgery and skin care the basic principles in order to reduce the risk of skin damage, 2. Analyzed K. Martinsen care theory in the context of patient care during surgery, 3. Develop a questionnaire practicing nurses on patients' skin care and whole injury risks and prevention during the operation and to make practical questionnaires, 4. To collect and analyze the study findings, 5. Develop conclusions. Research at the start of the hypothesis: Skin damage prevention is successful, if the compliance of the patient positioning, skin evaluation, both before the operation and during the operation. Research tools: a structured questionnaire. Research method: quantitative
Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients
No full textPurpose Air pollutant exposure constitutes a serious risk factor for the emergence or aggravation of (existing) pulmonary disease. The impact of pre-intensive care ambient air pollutant exposure on the duration of artificial ventilation was, however, not yet established. Methods The medical records of 2003 patients, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Antwerp University Hospital (Flanders, Belgium), who were artificially ventilated on ICU admission or within 48 h after admission, for the duration of at least 48 h, were analyzed. For each patient's home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and <= 10 mu m (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial-temporal model. The association between duration of artificial ventilation and air pollution exposure during the last 10 days before ICU admission was assessed using distributed lag models with a negative binomial regression fit. Results Controlling for pre-specified confounders, an IQR increment in BC (1.2 mu g/m(3)) up to 10 days before admission was associated with an estimated cumulative increase of 12.4% in ventilation duration (95% CI 4.7-20.7). Significant associations were also observed for PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, with cumulative estimates ranging from 7.8 to 8.0%. Conclusion Short-term ambient air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission represents an unrecognized environmental risk factor for the duration of artificial ventilation in the ICU.This study received no external funding. No entity other than the authors listed played any role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit this paper for publication. All authors have full access to the data. Tim Nawrot is a beneficiary of the European Research Council. Bram Janssen and Bianca Cox are postdoctoral fellows of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO 12W3218N and 12Q0517N, respectively, and supported by FWO project G082317N). We would like to thank Hilde Fleurackers for the administrative support and assistance she provided.De Weerdt, A (reprint author), Antwerp Univ Hosp UZA, Dept Crit Care Med, Wilrijkstr 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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An empirical approach towards the efficient and optimal production of influenza-neutralizing ovine polyclonal antibodies demonstrates that the novel adjuvant CoVaccine HT(TM) is functionally superior to Freund's adjuvant
No full textPassive immunotherapies utilising polyclonal antibodies could have a valuable role in preventing and treating infectious diseases such as influenza, particularly in pandemic situations but also in immunocompromised populations such as the elderly, the chronically immunosuppressed, pregnant women, infants and those with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to optimise current methods used to generate ovine polyclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies to baculovirus-expressed recombinant influenza haemagglutinin from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8) were elicited in sheep using various immunisation regimens designed to investigate the priming immunisation route, adjuvant formulation, sheep age, and antigen dose, and to empirically ascertain which combination maximised antibody output. The novel adjuvant CoVaccine HT™ was compared to Freund’s adjuvant which is currently the adjuvant of choice for commercial production of ovine polyclonal Fab therapies. CoVaccine HT™ induced significantly higher titres of functional ovine anti-haemagglutinin IgG than Freund’s adjuvant but with fewer side effects, including reduced site reactions. Polyclonal hyperimmune sheep sera effectively neutralised influenza virus in vitro and, when given before or after influenza virus challenge, prevented the death of infected mice. Neither the age of the sheep nor the route of antigen administration appeared to influence antibody titre. Moreover, reducing the administrated dose of haemagglutinin antigen minimally affected antibody titre. Together, these results suggest a cost effective way of producing high and sustained yields of functional ovine polyclonal antibodies specifically for the prevention and treatment of globally significant diseases.Natalie E. Stevens, Cara K. Fraser, Mohammed Alsharifi, Michael P. Brown, Kerrilyn R. Diener, John D. Haybal
Early inflammatory responses following cell grafting in the CNS trigger activation of the sub-ventricular zone: a proposed model of sequential cellular events.
No full textWhile multiple rodent pre-clinical studies, and to a lesser extent human clinical trials, claim the feasibility, safety and potential clinical benefit of cell grafting in the central nervous system (CNS), currently only little convincing knowledge exists regarding the actual fate of the grafted cells and their effect on the surrounding environment (or vice versa). Our preceding studies already indicated that only a minor fraction of the initially grafted cell population survives the grafting process, while the surviving cell population becomes invaded by highly activated microglia/macrophages and surrounded by reactive astrogliosis. In the current study, we further elaborate on early cellular and inflammatory events following syngeneic grafting of eGFP+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) in the CNS of immune-competent mice. Based on obtained quantitative histological data, we here propose a detailed mathematically-derived working model that sequentially comprises hypoxia-induced apoptosis of grafted mEFs, neutrophil invasion, neo-angiogenesis, microglia/macrophage recruitment, astrogliosis and eventually survival of a limited number of grafted mEFs. Simultaneously, we observed that the cellular events following mEF grafting activates the sub-ventricular zone neural stem and progenitor cell compartment. This proposed model therefore further contributes to our understanding of cell graft-induced cellular responses, and will eventually allow for successful manipulation of this intervention
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