6,174 research outputs found
The Hunger Games Faculty Guide
No full textK-State Book NetworkThis guide provides information and themes on Kansas State University's inaugural common book "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins. The guide also provides an introduction to the K-State Book Network (KSBN) and a rational on why we should read a common book. Themes included leadership, social issues, media, sciences, and survival skills
Estimating the prevalence of hunger and food insecurity: The validity of questionnaire-based measures for the identification of households
No full textThis study had three objectives: (1) to assess the validity of questionnaire-based measures in identifying households experiencing hunger and food insecurity, (2) to examine the interrelationships of different questionnaire-based measures, and (3) to examine the construction of a continuous food insecurity scale intended to differentiate three levels of food insecurity within households. A 1993 survey of 193 randomly sampled rural households with women and children living at home provided data on demographics, risk factors for food insecurity, Radimer/Cornell, CCHIP, and NHANES III hunger and food insecurity items, coping strategies, fruit and vegetable consumption, disordered eating behaviors, height, weight, dietary recall, and household food-stores inventory. This information was used to develop a definitive criterion measure for hunger and food insecurity, against which the Radimer/Cornell and CCHIP questionnaire-based measures, the NHANES III item, and the continuous food insecurity scale were tested for their specificity and sensitivity in measuring levels of food insecurity.
Hunger and Food Insecurity in Nairobi's Slums: An assessment using IRT models'
No full textAlthough linked to poverty as conditions reflecting inadequate access to resources to obtain food, issues such as hunger and food insecurity have seldom been recognized as important in urban settings. Overall, little is known about the prevalence and magnitude of hunger and food insecurity in most cities. Yet, in sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of urban dwellers live on less than one dollar a day, it is obvious a large proportion of the urban population must be satisfied with just one meal a day. This paper suggests using the one- and two-parameter item response theory (IRT) models to infer a reliable and valid measure of hunger and food insecurity relevant to low income urban settings, drawing evidence from the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS). The reliability and accuracy of the items are tested using both the Mokken Scale Analysis and the Cronbach test. The validity of the inferred household food insecurity measure is assessed by examining how it is associated with households? economic status. Results show that food insecurity is pervasive amongst slum dwellers in Nairobi. Only one household in five is food secure, and nearly half of all households are categorized as ?food insecure with both adult and child hunger?. Moreover, in line with what is known about household allocation of resources, evidence indicates that parents often forego food in order to prioritize their children. (229 words)Food insecurity; Hunger; Sub-Saharan Africa; Slum; Nairobi
Understanding the measurement of hunger and food insecurity in the elderly
No full textThe elderly are one of the population subgroups at greatest risk for hunger and food insecurity. To date, no accurate measures of this problem have been developed. What is needed are a thorough understanding of the phenomenon, and an assessment of how the elderly perceive and answer items commonly used to measure hunger and food insecurity in other subgroups. In-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with forty-one low-income urban black and rural white residents of upstate New York. Results suggest a conceptual framework of food insecurity in the elderly with two significant differences from frameworks proposed for younger families: the major role of health problems and physical disabilities, and the impact of personal history on perceptions of food insecurity. In a telephone follow-up (approximately six months after the initial interviews) twenty-four respondents were asked commonly used food insecurity questionnaire items from six different sources. Results suggest that hunger and food insecurity among the elderly can be measured directly. The commonly used measures tested here will help categorize the stages of food insecurity. However, these direct measures might underestimate the prevalence of food insecurity because of a perceived reluctance to report problems with food.
2014 Global hunger index: The challenge of hidden hunger
No full textWith one more year before the 2015 deadline for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, the 2014 Global Hunger Index report offers a multifaceted overview of global hunger that brings new insights to the global debate on where to focus efforts in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. The state of hunger in developing countries as a group has improved since 1990, falling by 39 percent, according to the 2014 GHI. Despite progress made, the level of hunger in the world is still “serious,” with 805 million people continuing to go hungry, according to estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Chapters 01, 02, 03, and 05 of this report were peer reviewed. Chapter 04 is based on evidence from project work.
This book is translated into German, Italian, and French:
K. von Grebmer, A. Saltzman, E. Birol, D. Wiesmann, N. Prasai, S. Yin, Y. Yohannes, P. Menon, J. Thompson, A. Sonntag. 2014. Welthunger-Index 2014: Herausforderung verborgener Hunger. Bonn, Washington, D.C., und Dublin: Welthungerhilfe, Internationales Forschungsinstitut für Ernährungs- und Entwicklungspolitik und Concern Worldwide. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896299597
Ein Jahr bevor die Frist zur Erreichung der Millenniums-Entwicklungsziele im Jahr 2015 abläuft, bietet der Welthunger-Index (WHI) einen facettenreichen Überblick über die Verbreitung des Hungers und trägt neue Erkenntnisse darüber in die weltweite Debatte, wie Hunger und Mangelernährung verringert werden können. Betrachtet man die Entwicklungsländer als Gruppe, so hat sich die Hungersituation dort seit 1990 verbessert. Dem WHI 2014 zufolge ist seitdem ein Rückgang um 39 Prozent zu verzeichnen. Trotz dieser Fortschritte ist der Hunger in der Welt weiterhin als „ernst“ einzustufen: Nach Schätzungen der Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen (Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) hungern weltweit immer noch 805 Millionen Menschen.
K. von Grebmer, A. Saltzman, E. Birol, D. Wiesmann, N. Prasai, S. Yin, Y. Yohannes, P. Menon, J. Thompson, A. Sonntag. 2014. Indice Globale della Fame 2014: la sfida della fame nascosta. Bonn, Washington, DC, e Dublino: Welthungerhilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute, e Concern Worldwide. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896299610
A un anno dalla scadenza per il raggiungimento degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo del Millennio, fissata nel 2015, l’Indice Globale della Fame 2014 offre una prospettiva articolata del problema della fame nel mondo, che porta nuovi spunti al dibattito mondiale rispetto a dove concentrare gli sforzi nella lotta contro la fame e la malnutrizione. Secondo il GHI 2014, lo stato della fame nei Paesi in via di sviluppo è complessivamente migliorato in confronto al 1990, con un calo del 39%. Nonostante i progressi fatti, la situazione mondiale è ancora “grave”, con 805 milioni di persone che continuano a soffrire la fame, secondo le stime dell’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l’Agricoltura e l’Alimentazione (FAO).
K. von Grebmer, A. Saltzman, E. Birol, D. Wiesmann, N. Prasai, S. Yin, Y. Yohannes, P. Menon, J. Thompson, A. Sonntag. 2014. 2014 Global Hunger Index: The Challenge of Hidden Hunger. Bonn, Washington, DC, and Dublin: Welthungerhilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute, and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128368
Alors qu’il ne reste plus qu’une année avant la date d’échéance de la réalisation des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement, l’Indice de la faim dans le monde 2014 (GHI) offre une analyse multidimensionnelle de la faim et présente de nouvelles données permettant d’alimenter le débat mondial sur la question de savoir où concentrer les efforts dans la lutte contre la faim et la malnutrition. Selon le GHI 2014, les niveaux de faim dans les pays en développement pris dans leur ensemble se sont améliorés depuis 1990, diminuant de 39%. Malgré les progrès enregistrés, le niveau de la faim dans le monde demeure « grave » avec 805 millions de personnes qui continuent de souffrir de la faim, selon des estimations de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO).
This book includes Synopsis that is translated into German and French:
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synopsis of 2014 Global hunger index: The challenge of hidden hunger. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128364
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synopse Welthunger-Index 2014: Herausforderung verborgener Hunger. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128365
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synthèse l’Indice de la faim dans le monde 2014: Le défi de la faim invisible. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128366
This record includes the 2014 Global hunger index by severity, an infographic related to the 2014 Global hunger index:
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is based on three equally weighted indicators: > Undernourishment: the proportion of undernourished people as a percentage of the population (reflecting the share of the population with insufficient caloric intake); > Child underweight: the proportion of children younger than age five who are underweight (that is, have low weight for their age, reflecting wasting, stunted growth, or both), which is one indicator of child undernutrition; and > Child mortality: the mortality rate of children younger than age five (partially reflecting the fatal synergy of inadequate food intake and unhealthy environments).
This book includes the following synopsis, translated into German and French:
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synopsis of 2014 Global hunger index: The challenge of hidden hunger. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128364
The 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) report—the ninth in an annual series—presents a multidimensional measure of national, regional, and global hunger. It shows that the world has made progress in reducing hunger since 1990, but still has far to go, with levels of hunger remaining “alarming” or “extremely alarming” in 16 countries. This year’s report focuses on a critical aspect of hunger that is often overlooked: hidden hunger. Also known as micronutrient deficiency, hidden hunger affects more than an estimated 2 billion people globally. The repercussions of these vitamin and mineral deficiencies are both serious and long-lasting. Where hidden hunger has taken root, it not only prevents people from surviving and thriving as productive members of society, it also holds countries back in a cycle of poor nutrition, poor health, lost productivity, persistent poverty, and reduced economic growth.
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synopse Welthunger-Index 2014: Herausforderung verborgener Hunger. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128365
Der Welthunger-Index (WHI) 2014 stellt die nationale, regionale und weltweite Hungersituation zum neunten Mal in jahrlicher Folge multidimensional dar. Er zeigt, dass bei der globalen Hungerbekampfung seit 1990 Fortschritte erzielt werden konnten, jedoch angesichts sehr ernster oder gar gravierender Hungerwerte in 16 Landern noch immer groser Handlungsbedarf besteht. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts liegt auf einem entscheidenden Aspekt des Hungers, der haufig ubersehen wird, dem verborgenen Hunger. Verborgener Hunger – auch Mikronahrstoffmangel genannt – betrifft Schatzungen zufolge mehr als zwei Milliarden Menschen weltweit. Dieser Mangel an Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen kann ernste und langfristige Folgen haben. Wo verborgener Hunger verbreitet ist, gefahrdet er nicht nur das Uberleben und beschrankt die Entfaltung der Menschen als produktive Mitglieder ihrer Gesellschaft, sondern halt ganze Lander gefangen in einem Kreislauf aus unzureichender Ernahrung, schlechter Gesundheit, Produktivitatsverlusten, fortdauernder Armut und vermindertem wirtschaftlichen Wachstum.
von Grebmer, Klaus; Saltzman, Amy; Birol, Ekin; Wiesmann, Doris; Prasai, Nilam; Yin, Sandra; Yohannes, Yisehac; Menon, Purnima; Thompson, Jennifer and Sonntag, Andrea. 2014. Synthèse l’Indice de la faim dans le monde 2014: Le défi de la faim invisible. IFPRI Issue Brief 83. Bonn, Germany; Washington, D.C. and Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); and Concern Worldwide. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128366
Le rapport de l’Indice de la faim dans le monde 2014 – neuvieme edition – propose une mesure multidimensionnelle de la faim au niveau national, regional et mondial. Le GHI 2014 montre les progres effectues en matiere de reduction de la faim depuis 1990, mais des efforts restent a faire, le niveau de la faim restant alarmant voire extremement alarmant dans 16 pays. Cette annee, le GHI se concentre sur un aspect particulier de la faim souvent neglige : la faim invisible. Egalement connue sous la forme de carences en micro-nutriments, la faim invisible touche plus de 2 milliards de personnes dans le monde. Les consequences de ces carences en vitamines et en mineraux sont a la fois graves et perennes. La faim invisible n’empeche pas seulement les personnes qui en sont affectees de survivre et de devenir des membres actifs de la societe, elle ramene egalement les pays dans des cycles de malnutrition, de mauvaise sante, de pertes de productivite, de pauvrete persistante et de croissance economique reduite
2016 Global Hunger Index: Africa edition
No full textThe 2016 Global Hunger Index Africa Edition is produced by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Concern Worldwide, and Welthungerhilfe in conjunction with NEPAD. The GHI Africa Edition is based on data taken from the 2016 Global Hunger Index. IFPRI has calculated the Global Hunger Index, a multidimensional measure of global hunger, for the past eleven years. The series tracks the state of hunger across the globe and spotlights those regions and countries where action to address hunger is most urgently needed. The GHI Africa Edition shows that although progress between countries varies, the level of hunger in all countries across the continent of Africa, for which GHI scores could be calculated, has declined since 2000. Despite this progress, the level of hunger in many countries remains unacceptably high. Of the 42 countries in Africa for which GHI scores could be calculated in this report, only three countries have scores that fall into the “low” hunger category, while 28 fall into the “serious” category and five countries have 2016 scores in the “alarming” category. It is clear that governments must now follow through on their promises with political will and commitment to action that is both strong and sustained. The root causes of hunger are complex and require multi-sectoral and multilevel collaboration. The role of national governments in achieving these goals by significantly enhancing the quality of implementation is also clear. Yet Zero Hunger can only be achieved when governments measure progress and are accountable to citizens, which requires capacities to collect and analyze data, combined with open and comprehensive review and dialogue processes. The biennial review process established under Malabo and the support to inclusive Joint Sector Review (JSR) processes under CAADP are critical building blocks in this regard.PRIFPRI2; B Promoting healthy food systems; compact2025; ReSAKSSDGO; CKM; PHN
Wanting a bit(e) of everything. The role of hunger in variety seeking.
No full textWe examined whether consumers seek more or less variety when shopping on an empty stomach. The data show that hunger increases variety seeking when consumers make multiple food choices at once. In a first study, participants in the hungry condition selected a more varied flavor set than satiated participants. Food attractiveness mediated the hunger effect. In study 2, we manipulated food attractiveness by the presence of stale food. In study 3, we increased variety seeking by introducing an appetizing olfactory cue. Our findings provide theoretical insights on choice rules and suggest guidelines on the management of variety seeking.Internet; Yield; Market; Market research; Communication; Time;
How are We doing on Poverty and Hunger Reduction? A New Measyre of Country-Level Progress
No full textProgress toward eradicating poverty and hunger is patchy and generally too slow. New impetus is needed to meet internationally accepted goals, better informed by recent progress and challenges. The United Nations Millennium Development Goal No. 1 (MDG-1) aims to halve the proportion of people affected by poverty and hunger by 2015. The five indicators officially employed to assess progress toward MDG-1 reflect different deprivations of basic human capabilities, and progress in one domain does not guarantee progress in each of the others. Building on the statistical methodology of the widely-adopted Human Development Index, a new composite indicator – Poverty and Hunger Index (PHI) – that combines on all 5 measures together provides original insights on poverty and hunger trajectories. A number of findings emerge from the analysis, suggesting that the new index can play an important role in informing the policy debate on the prominence of all MDG-1 dimensions.poverty, hunger, malnutrition, food insecurity, inequality, MDGs.
The Body as Weapon: Bobby Sands and the Republican Hunger Strikes
No full textThe 1981 Hunger Strike marked an important point in the Northern Ireland conflict, shifting its focus away from city streets and country lanes into the H-Block prison. Here republican prisoners used their embodiment to resist and fight back at attempts to recast them as criminals as opposed to the soldiers they perceived themselves to be. Given the centrality of the body and embodiment in the prison struggle this paper will theorise the \'body-as-weapon\' as a modality of resistance. This will begin by interrogating key themes within the sociology of the body before discussing and dismissing an alternative explanation of the Hunger Strike: the actions of the hunger strikers standing in the traditions of heroic Gaelic myths and Catholic martyrdom. Finally, drawing from the sociology of the body, I will then proceed to discuss how the body and embodiment deployed in this manner can be effective, concentrating on how the \'body-as-weapon\': (i) acts as a resource for minority political groups; (ii) destabilises notions of the body in modernity and related to that point (iii) engages in a \'hidden\' impulse of modernity, that of self-sacrifice.Embodiment, Conflict, Modernity, Northern Ireland, Resistance
Involvement of human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in hunger-enhanced memory for food stimuli
No full textWe used positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 10 healthy volunteers performing a recognition memory task with food and non-food items. The biological salience of the food stimuli was manipulated by requiring subjects to fast before the experiment and eat to satiation at fixed time points during scanning. All subjects showed enhanced recognition of food stimuli (relative to non-food) in the fasting state. Satiation significantly reduced the memory advantage for food. Left amygdala rCBF covaried positively with recognition memory for food items, whereas rCBF in right anterior orbitofrontal cortex covaried with overall memory performance. Right posterior orbitofrontal rCBF covaried positively with hunger ratings during presentation of food items. Regression analysis of the neuroimaging data revealed that left amygdala and right lateral orbitofrontal rCBF covaried as a function of stimulus category (i.e., food vs non-food). These results indicate the involvement of amygdala and discrete regions of orbitofrontal cortex in the integration of perceptual (food), motivational (hunger), and cognitive (memory) processes in the human brain
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