390 research outputs found
Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and added fat fed immediately before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs
No full textCitation: Coble, K. F., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., & Woodworth, J. C. (2017). Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and added fat fed immediately before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 270-278. doi:10.2527/jas2016.0679The addition of dietary fat has been shown to increase HCW and carcass yield in pigs fed low-fiber corn-soy diets; however, data on added fat in high-fiber, low-energy diets is less available. Therefore, the potential for dietary fat to ameliorate the negative effect high-fiber diets have on carcass yield during the last 3 wk before slaughter is of high importance. This experiment was conducted to determine the interactive effects of 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat fed before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 1,258 pigs in 2 groups (initially 105.8 +/- 0.1 kg BW; group 1 PIC 337 x 1,050; group 2 PIC 327 x 1,050) were used in a 20-d experiment. All pigs were fed a common diet with 30% DDGS until 20 d before slaughter. Then, all pens were weighed and allotted to treatments with 20 replicate pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial with 2 diet types (corn-soybean meal-based with or without 30% DDGS) and added fat (0 or 5%; group 1 = tallow; group 2 = choice white grease). Diets were formulated to a constant standardized ileal digestible Lys: NE ratio. There were no treatment x group interactions for any response criteria. Thus, data for the 2 groups were combined for analysis. Overall, there was a tendency for a diet type x added fat interaction for ADG (P = 0.054), whereas this was significant for G: F (P = 0.008). This was a result of 5% added fat increasing ADG and G: F to a greater magnitude for pigs fed the diet containing 30% DDGS (8.6 and 10.4%, respectively) than for pigs fed the corn-soy diet (2.0 and 2.9%, respectively). Although diet type did not affect final live BW, pigs fed the diet containing DDGS had decreased HCW and carcass yield (P < 0.05). Adding 5% fat did not affect carcass yield. In conclusion, adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G: F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS
Effects of grinding corn through a 2-, 3-, or 4-high roller mill on milling characteristics, and finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics
No full textCitation: Gebhardt, J. T., Tokach, M. D., Woodworth, J. C., DeRouchey, J. M., Goodband, R. D., Coble, K. F., . . . Dritz, S. S. (2016). Effects of grinding corn through a 2-, 3-, or 4-high roller mill on milling characteristics, and finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 59-59. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-126Finishing pigs (n = 922, initial BW = 40.1 kg) were used in a 97-d experiment to determine the effects of grinding corn through various roller mill configurations on milling characteristics and growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs in a commercial setting. Pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 experimental treatments by initial BW with 11 pens/treatment and 21 pigs/pen. All diets were fed in 5 phases with the same corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 20% dried distiller’s grains with solubles. Experimental treatments included corn ground to 685 µm using 2 sets of rolls (2-high), corn ground to 577 µm using 3 sets of rolls (3-high), corn ground to 360 µm using 4 sets of rolls in a fine grind configuration (4-high fine), and corn ground to 466 µm using 4 sets of rolls in a coarse grind configuration (4-high coarse). The same roller mill was used for all configurations with the appropriate lower rolls completely open when using 2 or 3 sets of rolls. Grinding rate (tonnes/hour) was greatest (P < 0.05) for the 2-high and 4-high coarse configurations followed by the 3-high configuration and lowest for the 4-high fine configuration. Electricity cost was lowest (P < 0.05) per tonne of ground corn for the 2-high configuration and was greatest for the 4-high fine configuration. Pigs fed diets containing corn ground with the 2-high configuration had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG with pigs fed diets with corn ground using the 4-high fine configuration having the poorest ADFI and ADG (2.81, 2.73, 2.65, 2.73 kg for ADFI and 0.987, 0.967, 0.940, 0.971 kg for ADG for 2-high, 3-high, 4-high fine, 4-high coarse, respectively). There were no differences in G:F, caloric efficiency, or carcass characteristics among pigs fed diets ground with the different roller mill configurations. Feed cost/kg gain was lowest (P < 0.05) for the 4-high coarse configuration and revenue/pig was greatest (P < 0.05) for the 2-high and 4-high coarse configurations. Income over feed cost (IOFC) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed diets with corn ground using the 4-high fine configuration; however, there were no differences in IOFC among the other milling configurations. In our study, roller mill configuration had a significant impact on grinding electricity cost, grinding rate, as well as ADFI and ADG; however, roller mill configuration had no impact on G:F
Investigating the Early Universe with the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy.
No full textSeveral experiments (including BOOMERanG, MAXIMA, DASI, VSA,CBI) have recently detected very low contrast structures in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the otherwise isotropic radiation coming from the early Universe. These structures have a contrast of the order of 25 ppm and a dominant angular size of one degree. In the current cosmological model, these structuresresult from acoustic oscillations of the primeval plasma within the horizon at recombination (z » 1100). In the framework of the Hot Big Bang theory with the
inflationary hypothesis, the statistical properties of the image of the CMB allowus to measure most of the cosmological parameters
ON CHOOSING A BASE COVERAGE LEVEL FOR MULTIPLE PERIL CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS
No full textFor multiple peril crop insurance, the U.S. Department of Agriculture'Â’s Risk Management Agency estimates the premium rate for a base coverage level and then uses multiplicative adjustment factors to recover rates at other coverage levels. Given this methodology, accurate estimation of the base coverage level from 65% to 50%. The purpose of this analysis was to provide some insight into whether such a change should or should not be carried out. Not surprisingly, our findings indicate that the higher coverage level should be maintained as the base.Risk and Uncertainty,
Target Markets for Grain and Cotton Marketing Consultants and Market Information Systems
No full textThis paper examines the use of market consultants and market information systems by grain and cotton producers. A model of producer demand for marketing information and consultants is proposed that decomposes price received into exogenous and endogenous components. The analysis is based on a survey of over 1,600 producers. The results suggest that expenditures on market information systems and market consultants are not independent and, more specifically, expenditures on marketing consultants substitute for expenditures on market information systems.expected utility, market information, marketing, risk, Tobit, Marketing,
THE ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCERS' DEMAND FOR FARM MANAGERS
No full textResults from a Tobit model showed a complementary relationship between marketing inputs and the decision to hire farm managers. According to the results, as farmers increase expenditure on marketing consultants and information systems, their expenditure on farm managers increase as well.Farm Management,
EXTENSION EDUCATORS' SUPPLY OF RISK MANAGEMENT TRAINING TO FARMERS
No full textA univariate Tobit model of extension educators' provision of risk management educational training was conducted in Mississippi, Texas, Indiana, and Nebraska. A complementary relationship exists between percent of time devoted to agricultural responsibilities and the provision of risk management training courses. The results indicate that, as extension educators perceive farmers to be more knowledgeable of risk management tools, their provision of risk management education decreases. On the other hand, the provision of risk management courses increase as extension educators perceive themselves as being more knowledgeable on the use of risk management tools.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,
Atrazine and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study (1994-2007).
No full textAtrazine is a triazine herbicide used widely in the United States. Although it is an animal carcinogen, the mechanism in rodents does not appear to operate in humans. Few epidemiologic studies have provided evidence for an association
The United States' Next Generation of Atmospheric Composition and Coastal Ecosystem Measurements: NASA's Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) Mission
No full textAuthors:- J. Fishman, L. T. Iraci, J. AL-Saadi, K. Chance, F. Chavez, M. Chin, P. CobLe, C. Davis, P. M. DiGiacomo, D. Edwards, A. Eldering, J. Goes, Jay Herman, C. Hu, D. J. Jacob, C. Jordan, S. R. Kawa, R. Key, X. Liu, S. Lohrenz, A. Mannino, V. Natraj, D. Neil, J. Neu, M. Newchurch, K. Pickering, J. Salisbury, H. sosik, A. Subramaniam, M. Tzortziou, J. Wang, and M. WangThe Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95°–100°W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame.Funding for GEO-CAPE
definition activities is provided by the Earth Science Division
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Portions of this work were carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Contributions to this work were made by the GEOCAPE Atmospheric Science Working Group: J. Al-Saadi,
K. Bowman, K. Chance, R. Chatfield, M. Chin, R. Cohen,
J. Crawford, , D. Edwards, A. Eldering, J. Fishman, D. Henze,
L. Iraci, D.J. Jacob, K. Jucks, S. R. Kawa, S. Kondragunta,
N. Krotkov, X. Liu, C. McLinden, V. Natraj, D. Neil, J. Neu,
M. Newchurch, K. Pickering, R. Pierce, R. Pinder,
J. Rodriguez, S. Sander, R. Scheffe, R. Spurr, J. Szykman,
O. Torres, J. Wang, J. Worden and the GEO-CAPE Ocean
Science Working Group: J. Al-Saadi, B. Arnone, W. Balch,
P. Bontempi, J. Campbell, J. Chaves, F. Chavez, P. Coble,
C. Davis, C. del Castillo, P. M. DiGiacomo, J. Goes, J. Herman,
S. Hooker, C. Hu, L. Iraci, C. Jordan, Z. P. Lee, S. Lohrenz,
A. Mannino, P. Matrai, C. McClain, R. Morrison, C. Mouw,
F. Muller-Karger, A. Neeley, J. Salisbury, B. Schaeffer,
H. Sosik, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, G. Toro-Farmer,
O. Torres, M. Tzortziou, M. Wang, J. Werdell, C. Wilson.https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/93/10/bams-d-11-00201.1.xm
Willingness to Pay for a Potential Insurance Policy: Case Study of Trout Aquaculture
No full textUsing trout producer survey data and the contingent valuation method, we estimate willing-ness to pay for a potential insurance policy. The survey was conducted in 2005 across the United States; 268 producers completed the survey instrument, resulting in a response rate of 81 percent. Design of the contingent valuation method takes into account two coverage levels and four premium rates. Using standard willingness-to-pay techniques, we assess the premium rate that producers with varying practices and regions are willing to pay for two different cov-erage levels of insurance. In general, trout producers appear willing to pay premium rates of 2 to 11 percent for these coverage levels.willingness to pay, subjective elicitation and survey data, aquaculture trout insurance, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,
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