42 research outputs found
ETS - NC
No full textThis code was developed to study the impact of the market stability reserve on the European Emission Trading System. It calculates an equilibrium between a representative price-taking agent on the ETS allowance auctions. The agent makes a trade-off between abatement and buying emission allowances, based on marginal abatement cost curves. It employs an iterative price-search algorithm based on ADMM to calculate this equilibrium iteratively. This allows considering a wide range of marginal abatement cost curves, which can be automatically calibrated to reproduce allowance prices post MSR reform (2019). The model allows studying the impact of emission allowance demand changes due to shocks, overlapping climate policies or EU ETS design changes as well as the impact of the convexity of the abatement cost curve.
This specific implementation was used in the following paper:
[1] K. Bruninx & Marten Ovaere, "COVID-19, Green Deal & the recovery plan permanently change emissions and prices in EU ETS Phase IV", Under review with Nature Communications, 2021. Available online:
The solution procedure based on ADMM is detailed in:
[2] Kenneth Bruninx, Marten Ovaere, Erik Delarue, "The long-term impact of the market stability reserve on the EU emission trading system," Energy Economics, Volume 89, 2020, art. no. 104746.
The latest version of this code can be found on https://gitlab.kuleuven.be/UCM/ets-nc
Active demand response with electric heating systems: Impact of market penetration
Get PDFActive demand response(ADR)is a powerful instrument among electric demand side management strategies to influence the customers' load shape. Assessing the real potential of
ADR programmes in improving the performance of the electric power system is a complex task, due to the strict interaction between supply and demand for electricity, which requires integrated modelling tools. In this paper an analysis is performed aimed at evaluating the benefits of ADR programmes in terms of electricity consumption and operational costs,both from the final user's and the overall system's perspective. The demand side technologies
considered are electric heating systems (i.e. heat pumps and electric resistance heaters)coupled with thermal energy storage (i.e. the thermal mass of the building envelope and
the domestic hot water tank). In particular, the effect of the penetration rate of ADR programmes among consumers with electric heating systems is studied. Results clearly show
that increasing the number of participating consumers increases the exibility of the system and, therefore, reduces the overall operational costs. On the other hand, the benefit per individual participant decreases in the presence of more ADR-adherent consumers since a reduced effort from each consumer is needed. Total cost saving ranges at most between about 400€ to 200€ per participant per year for a 5% and 100% ADR penetration rate respectively.sponsorship: K. Bruninx and D. Patteeuw gratefully acknowledge the KU Leuven for funding this work in the framework of their PhD within the GOA project on a 'Fundamental study of a greenhouse gas emission free energy system'. E. Delarue is a research fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government - Department EWI. (KU Leuven)status: Publishe
The Long-Term Impact of the Market Stability Reserve on the EU Emission Trading System
No full textsponsorship: K. Bruninx is a post-doctoral research fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) at the University of Leuven and EnergyVille. His work was funded under postdoctoral mandates no. 12J3317N, sponsored by the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) and FWO, and no. 12J3320N, sponsored by FWO. The authors would like to thank H. Hoschle (VITO) for his advice on the ADMM algorithm. (Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)|12J3317N, FWO, FWO|12J3320N)status: Publishe
Improved Energy Storage System & Unit Commitment Scheduling
No full text© 2017 IEEE. System operators must schedule sufficient controllable generation ahead of time to compensate unavoidable realtime mismatches between the production and consumption of electricity. If energy storage (ES) facilities are required to provide such flexibility, the technical constraints on the operation of ES must be taken into account in this scheduling problem, which is typically not done in deterministic models. Stochastic optimization enhances the procurement of flexibility, but may require more computational resources. This paper proposes an improved deterministic model for the co-optimization of controllable generation and ES, accounting for the technical constraints of the ES system and arbitrage opportunities with conventional reserve capacity. In a case study, the proposed unit commitment (UC) model is shown to yield significant operational cost reductions without affecting the systems reliability, while the increase in calculation times is limited.sponsorship: K. Bruninx is a postdoctoral research fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and VITO, the Flemish Institute for Technolgical research. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government - department EWI. (Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Flemish Government - department EWI)status: Publishe
Trading rights to consume wind in presence of farm-farm interactions
No full textMichiel Kenis is a PhD researcher at the Energy Systems Integration & Modeling Group at the University of Leuven with a doctoral mandate from the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO). He was a visiting researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research focuses on cross-border electricity markets. He holds a MSc in energy engineering and a MSc in policy economics, both from the University of Leuven. Luca Lanzilao completed his MSc degree in mathematical engineering from Politecnico di Torino in 2018. Currently, he is pursuing a PhD at KU Leuven. His research focuses on studying the response of the atmospheric boundary layer to wind farm forcing, with particular emphasis on meso-scale phenomena, such as gravity waves. Kenneth Bruninx received a MSc degree in energy engineering in 2011, a MSc in management, and a PhD degree in mechanical engineering in 2016, all from the University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium. Currently, he is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management of TU Delft, Netherlands and a research fellow at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium. His research interests include market design, policies, and regulation for integrated energy systems. Johan Meyers is a professor of mechanical engineering at KU Leuven since 2009. His research focuses on the simulation of turbulent flows and the atmospheric boundary layer with applications in wind energy. In 2012, he obtained an ERC grant on wind farm control and has been involved in various European projects on wind energy since. He served as the vice president of the European Academy of Wind Energy from 2017 to 2019 and as its president from 2019 to end of 2021. He has been active as an associate editor for Computers & Fluids and is currently an associate editor for Wind Energy Science. Erik Delarue received MSc and PhD degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Leuven, Belgium, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He is currently an associate professor with the University of Leuven, TME Branch (energy conversion) and active with EnergyVille. His research focus and expertise are on quantitative tools, supporting an efficient operation of, and transition toward, a low-carbon energy system (mathematical modeling of energy systems). Applications relate to flexibility through energy systems integration, market design, and energy policies.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Energie and Industri
On Controllability of Demand Response Resources & Aggregators' Bidding Strategies
No full textsponsorship: The work of H. Pandzic was carried out within the projects microGRId Positioning - uGRIP (co-funded by Croatian Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund through ERA-Net SG+ Programme) and DTP1-502-3.2-3Smart (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund through Interreg Danube Transnational Programme). K. Bruninx is a post-doctoral research fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO). (Croatian Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund through ERA-Net SG+ Programme, European Regional Development Fund through Interreg Danube Transnational Programme|DTP1-502-3.2-3)status: Publishe
On the interaction between aggregators, electricity markets and residential demand response providers
No full textsponsorship: The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government - Department EWI. The work of K. Bruninx was supported in part by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and in part by the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO). The work of H. Pandzic was supported by the projects microGRId Positioning uGRIP (co-funded by the Croatian Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund through ERA-Net SG+ Programme) and DTP1-502-3.2-3Smart (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund through Interreg Danube Transnational Programme). Paper no. TPWRS-00540-2018. (Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Flemish Government - Department EWI, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), project microGRId Positioning uGRIP (Croatian Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund through ERA-Net SG+ Programme), European Regional Development Fund through Interreg Danube Transnational Programme|DTP1-502-3.2-3Smart)status: Publishe
Database for Automatic Risk Adjustment in Short-Term Electricity Markets
No full textDatabase (2014-2018) used in the paper entitled "Automatic Risk Adjustment in Short-Term Electricity Markets".
This database includes :
the inputs and outputs of the deep learning probabilistic forecaster which predicts the Belgian system imbalance;
the market data related to the construction of the real-time imbalance settlement mechanism;
the inputs and outputs of the Machine Learning-based modules, which allow to continuously adjust the optimal risk policy of an actor to the dynamically changing market operating conditions.
These data are obtained from the Belgian Transmission System Operator (Elia) and the European Network of Transmission system Operators (ENTSO-E).
If you use these data, please refer to the following paper:
J. Bottieau, K. Bruninx, A. Sanjab, Z. De Grève, F. Vallée and J-F. Toubeau, “Automatic Risk Adjustment in Short-Term Electricity Markets”
The effect of short term storage operation on resource adequacy
No full textThe potential contribution of short term storage technologies such as batteries to resource adequacy is becoming increasingly important in power systems with high penetrations of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES). However, unlike generators, there are multiple ways in which storage may be operated to contribute to resource adequacy. We investigate storage operational strategies which result in the same amount of Expected Energy Not Served (EENS) but differing Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) to investigate the range of LOLE possible and what factors affect this range. A case study of a Belgium-like power system using an economic dispatch model, typical of state-of-the-art adequacy assessments, results in a LOLE ranging between 2 and 6 h/yr, with the difference decreasing for greater storage duration and increasing for higher installed capacities of storage. Capacity Credits (CCs), which give the relative contribution of a resource to system adequacy, may also be affected by storage operation and the CC of storage is shown to differ by up to 30% depending on the operation and how the CC is calculated. Given these findings, it is recommended that modellers be explicit and transparent about the storage operation they assume in adequacy assessments and capacity credit calculations.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Energie and Industri
On the impact of temporal-correlation requirements and downstream industrial flexibility on the optimal design and costs for onsite electrolytic hydrogen production
No full textCurrently, hydrogen consumption is heavily concentrated within larger inflexible industrial applications, where it is produced onsite for further downstream processing. Considering traditional production pathways have a high emission intensity, electrolytic hydrogen production could prove an essential decarbonization pathway for existing, unabated consumers and additional hard-to-abate industrial applications. While legislative frameworks limiting unwanted effects of the electrolytic hydrogen transition are being drafted, it is important to provide policymakers with quantitative data on the effects of this legislature. Other than emissions intensity standards, additionality principles are being considered in a number of these frameworks to further minimize unwanted effects. One of the central principles of additionality is a temporal-correlation requirement, which synchronizes renewable electricity generation with electrolyzer consumption over a predetermined period. The length of this period could significantly affect the intermittency of electrolyzer operations. Although this has been subject to debate, it has seen little attention in literature within the context of industrial applications, which bring substantial additional downstream constraints. It is imperative to understand the effects of these additionality principles quantitatively within the context of their dominant application, heavy industry. This could aid policymakers to arrive at a framework that minimizes the adverse effects of electrolytic hydrogen production while preventing cost increases that hinder widespread adoption.A mixed-integer linear-programming problem is formulated to model an onsite electrolytic hydrogen production facility for a larger industrial downstream process. The downstream flexibility and temporal correlation constraints in this model are generalized to study their potential antagonistic effects abstractly. The downstream flexibility constraints considered are the minimum partial-load and the period over which production has to match the desired output, mimicking further downstream supply chain constraints. The model employs integrated design and operations optimization, considering the cost-optimal production facility will vary depending on the legislature and downstream process. The results indicate that temporal correlation requirements affect the production costs of hydrogen as a consequence of limiting the operational flexibility. Additionally, strict temporal correlation requirements exacerbate the escalation of these costs. The availability of a geological storage site reduces the effects of temporal correlation requirements and DSP inflexibility on production costs. Regarding emissions, at current allowance prices, the ETS is not sufficient for emissions abatement of onsite electrolytic hydrogen production. On the other hand, temporal correlation requirements are an effective tool for reducing the attributable emissions intensity. However, a focus on emissions abatement for onsite electrolytic hydrogen production, without adjustments to the ETS, risks cost inefficient sectoral emissions reduction without reducing system emissions, due to leakage to other sectors.Electrical Engineerin
