1,496 research outputs found
Elucidating the lack of magnetic order in the heavy-fermion CeCu2Mg
No full textMagnetic, transport, and thermal properties of CeCu2Mg are investigated to elucidate the lack of magnetic order in this heavy-fermion compound with a specific heat value, Cmag/T|T→0≈1.2 J/mol K2 and robust effective magnetic moments (μeff≈2.46μB). The lack of magnetic order is attributed to magnetic frustration favored by the hexagonal configuration of the Ce sublattice. In fact, the effect of magnetic field on Cmag/T and residual resistivity ρ0 does not correspond to that of a Fermi liquid (FL) because a broad anomaly appears at Tmax≈1.2 K in Cmag(T)/T, without changing its position up to μ0H=7.5 T. However, the flattening of Cmag/T|T→0 and its magnetic susceptibility χT→0, together with the T2 dependence of ρ(T), reveal a FL behavior for T≤2 K which is also supported by Wilson and Kadowaki-Woods ratios. The unusual coexistence of FL and frustration phenomena can be understood by placing paramagnetic CeCu2Mg in an intermediate section of a frustration-Kondo model. The entropy, Smag, reaches 0.87Rln6 at T≃100 K, with a tendency to approach the expected value Smag=Rln6 of the J=5/2 ground state of Ce3+.Fil: Michor, H.. Technische Universitat Wien; AustriaFil: Sereni, Julian Gustavo Renzo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Bajas Temperaturas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Giovannini, M.. CNR-SPIN Corso Perrone, Genova; Italia. Università degli Studi di Genova; ItaliaFil: Kampert, E.. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; AlemaniaFil: Salamakha, L.. Technische Universitat Wien; AustriaFil: Hilscher, G.. Technische Universitat Wien; AustriaFil: Bauer, E.. Technische Universitat Wien; Austri
Combinatorial therapy for triple negative breast cancer and the effect of nanoscale surfaces
No full textTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer with urgent clinical need for effective therapies. Resistance to standard clinical therapies with metastatic TNBC pushed the researchers to explore combinatorial therapy regime. A combination of STAT-3 specific inhibitor, reported to act synergistically with metformin in reducing cell growth and inducing apoptosis in TNBCs and agents targeting DNA repair, can produce a new approach to TNBC therapy. Towards this aim, we have generated a combinatorial drug formulation comprising DNA damage repair agents, along with inhibitors for STAT-3 for an optimized effect. The combinatorial formulation includes nifuroxazide, a known STAT-3 inhibitor, and amonafide, an agent known to exert its effect through topoisomerase-II activation pathways. An additional incorporation of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative known for anti-metastatic effects in breast cancers, could further improve the efficiency. We used drug combination of nifuroxazide, amonafide and pentoxifylline in MDA-MB-231, HCC1806, HCC1143 and BT-549 TNBCs along with normal breast cells, MCF-7 and SkBr3, to find the combinatorial index of the drug cocktail. It was found that combination of pentoxifylline, nifuroxazide and amonafide resulted in a combinatorial index of 0.82 in HCC1806 cells. We also investigated the gene and protein expression effects exerted by combination of drugs responsible to induce synergistic effect and simultaneously suppressing drug resistance through distinct mechanisms of action.
Next, we demonstrate that phenotypically stratified carbon nanoparticle is highly effective in delivering a novel combinatorial triple drug formulation for synergistic regression of TNBC in vitro and in vivo. The combinatorial formulation is comprised of repurposed inhibitors of STAT3 (nifuroxazide), topoisomerase-II-activation-pathway (amonafide) and NFb (pentoxifylline). Synergistic effect of drug combination was established in a panel of TNBC-lines comprising mesenchymal-stem-like, mesenchymal and basal-like cells along with non-TNBC-cells. The delivery of combinatorial drug formulation was achieved using a phenotypically screened carbon nanoparticles for TNBC cell lines. Results indicated a remarkable five-fold improvement (IC50-6.75μM) from the parent drugs with a combinatorial index < 1 in majority of the TNBC cells. Multi-compartmental carbon nanoparticles were then parametrically assessed based on size, charge (positive/negative/neutral) and chemistry (functionalities) to study their likelihood of crossing endocytic barriers from phenotypical standpoint in TNBC lines. Interestingly, a combination of clathrin mediated, energy and dynamin dependent pathways were predominant for sulfonated nanoparticles, whereas pristine and phospholipid particles followed all the investigated endocytic pathways. An exactitude ‘omics’ approach helps to predict that phospholipid encapsulated-particles will predominantly accumulate in TNBC comprising the drug ‘cocktail’. Thus, our efforts might generate a novel triple drug combination as an answer to current TNBC related shortcomings.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Taylor Kampert, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-25 at 10:13.The student, Taylor Kampert, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-25 at 10:21.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-25 at 13:52.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12422 on 2018-08-31 at 17:30:16Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-25Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107452
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The KASCADE Experiment: Status and Physics Overview K.-H. Kampert
No full textThe new extensive air shower (EAS) experiment KASCADE has started data taking at the laboratory site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The major goal is to determine the flux spectrum and the chemical composition of primary cosmic ray particles in the energy range around and above the knee (10 E prim 10 17 eV). An important advantage of the new multi-detector installation is the capability to simultaneously measure the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic component of EAS event-by-event. This provides the means to address many different questions related to EAS and high-energy interactions and to reduce systematic uncertainties to a large extend. We shall present the status of the experiment, discuss the stability and reconstruction accuracies, and give a brief overview of the first results
Untersuchungen zum primären Energiespektrum der kosmischen Strahlung im PeV-Bereich mit dem KASCADE-Experiment
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Verbesserung der Winkelauflösung des Myonspurdetektors von KASCADE und Bestimmung von Myonproduktionshöhen
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Validation of the real and simulated data of the pierre auger fluorescence telescopes
No full textThe fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently operating 18 fluorescence telescopes of the 24 that will be employed in the completed detector. These telescopes, grouped in 4 eyes each consisting of 6 telescopes, measure the longitudinal profile of cosmic ray showers with a 14% duty cycle. The reconstruction capability and triggering efficiency have been studied using a complete simulation and reconstruction production chain, employing both simulated CORSIKA showers and parameterized Gaisser-Hillas profiles. The propagation through the atmosphere and the detector response are taken into account and simulated in detail. These simulated data have been generated in a preliminary analysis using the method of importance sampling to efficiently cover the energy region of 0.3-300 EeV, various shower geometries and impact points and different primary particles. The distributions of observables have then been investigated in both real and simulated data, facilitating the validation of the reconstruction and simulation software. Comparisons of real and simulated data are discussed and used to assess their impact on the data analysis
Test hadronischer Wechselwirkungsmodelle mittels Untersuchung der hadronischen Komponente ausgedehnter Luftschauer
No full textUntersuchung der hadronischen Komponente ausgedehnter Luftschauer und Messung der Elementzusammensetzung der kosmischen Strahlung
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