3 research outputs found
Clinical profile of Cholera cases in Yavatmal District, Maharashtra
No full textIntroduction- Outbreak of Cholera still remains major public health problem in most of the developing countries including India. Clinical profile of cholera was studied in Patients attending tertiary care hospital situated in tribal area of Central India, Yavatmal. Methods: Type of study- Descriptive cross-sectional. Study Duration - 2 months (June - July 2012). Study setting- Inpatient Department of S. V. N. Govt. Medical College, Yavatmal (Maharashtra). Study subjects- All cholera patients attending S. V. N. Govt. Medical College Yavatmal (Maharashtra) with the complaints of acute watery diarrhoea. Study variables- Detailed clinical profile of these cases was noted along with other relevant environmental history. Results-Out of a total 377 cases of acute watery diarrhoea, 13 isolates were positive for cholera. All the isolates were V. cholera 01 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa. 46.2% of cases were below 5 years of age, the two youngest children being 1.5 years old. Both the sexes were equally affected. 61.5% cases had duration of diarrhoea more than 24 hours. Overall living and hygienic conditions of all the patients were poor. However all patients responded to intravenous fluids, oral rehydration and antibiotics (Doxycycline) within 24-48 hours without any mortality. Interpretation & conclusions: This study reflects the cases infected with 01 El Tor Ogawa with severe and critical clinical features in Yavatmal district causing high morbidity in the form of severe dehydration and peripheral circulatory collapse which requires early, correct diagnosis and prompt treatment
Chemical abscess post vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation embolisation with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
No full textVein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital malformation characterised by arteriovenous fistulas between primitive choroidal arteries and the median prosencephalic vein, the embryonic precursor to the vein of Galen. Endovascular techniques have changed the management of these patients with improved prognosis. An eight-month-old with VGAM managed by endovascular embolisation using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) developed a chemical abscess - a rare complication. It was managed conservatively and showed promising clinical outcome.
Contribution: Chemical abscesses following EVOH embolisation are scarce – with imaging differentials, which include brain abscess and onyx granuloma. Knowledge and successful identification of this entity are essential as its management as prognoses differ. Chemical abscess is managed conservatively and has a good prognosis
Study of Formulation and Process Variables for Optimization of Piroxicam Nanosuspension Using 32 Factorial Design to Improve Solubility and In Vitro Bioavailability
No full textPiroxicam is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug having poor aqueous solubility and a short half-life. The rationale behind the present research was to develop a Piroxicam nanosuspension to enhance the solubility and thereby the in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Piroxicam nanosuspension (PRX NS) was prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation technique and optimized using a full-factorial design. Herein, the nanosuspension was prepared using polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30® and Poloxamer 188® as a stabilizer to improve the solubility and in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Nine formulations were prepared based on 32 full-factorial experimental designs to study the effect of the formulation variables such as concentration of poloxamer 188 (%) (X1) and stirring speed (rpm) (X2) as a process variable on the response of particle size (nm) and solubility (µg/mL). The prepared NS was characterized by phase solubility, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and percent drug release. DSC and XRPD analysis of freeze-dried NS formulation showed conversion of PRX into a less crystalline form. NS formulations showed a reduction in the size from 443 nm to 228 nm with −22.5 to −30.5 mV zeta potential and % drug entrapment of 89.76 ± 0.76. TEM analysis confirmed the size reduction at the nano level. The solubility was increased from 44 μg/mL to 87 μg/mL by altering the independent variables. The solubility of PRX NS in water was augmented by 14- to 15-fold (87.28 μg/mL) than pure PRX (6.6 μg/mL). The optimized formulation (NS9) at drug-to-stabilizer concentration exhibited a greater drug release of approximately 96.07% after 120 min as compared to the other NS formulations and pure PRX (36.78%). Thus, all these results revealed that the prepared NS formulations have improved the solubility and in vitro dissolution compared to the pure drug. Furthermore, an increase in the drug release was observed from the NS than that of the pure PRX. All these outcomes signified that the prepared PRX NS showed an increase in solubility and in vitro dissolution behavior; which subsequently would aid in attainment of enhanced bioavailability
