1,362,310 research outputs found
Examining and comparing smoking cessation outcomes among U.S. adults who have regularly used Vuse Alto or Juul: A longitudinal study.
No full textIntroduction: Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., with around 34 million adults using cigarettes and two-thirds wanting to quit. Many smokers turn to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) like Juul and Vuse Alto to help them quit smoking, but their effectiveness remains unclear. This study compares 30-day cigarette smoking abstinence rates at the 12-month follow-up for users of Juul and Vuse Alto.
Methods: Utilizing data from a longitudinal survey of US adults who currently use Juul or Vuse Alto and who had smoked (at least one or two puffs) in the past year, this study evaluated differences in 30-day smoking abstinence at 12-month follow-up between Juul and Vuse Alto users while examining moderation by satisfaction with ENDS, smoking craving reduction when using ENDS, and perceived harm of ENDS.
Results: Results indicated that users of Vuse Alto had significantly higher odds of past 30-day smoking abstinence at the 12-month follow-up than Juul users (OR: 1.756, p = .0286). Those who reported having a reduction in craving to smoke a cigarette when using ENDS have 4.6 times greater odds of being abstinent from smoking at 12-month follow-up (OR: 4.616, p
Conclusions: In conclusion, the results suggest that Vuse Alto might better facilitate switching away from cigarettes than Juul, though alternative explanations must be ruled out. Using ENDS to reduce cravings to smoke a cigarette and having stronger quitting smoking intentions were key predictors of smoking abstinence, informing public health approaches regarding the effectiveness of ENDS in promoting smoking abstinence.Master of Public Health (MPH)Public Healt
Grajenje relacijskih prostorov
No full textBuilding Relational Spaces is an inquiry into the capacity of architecture to construct open, community-supportive, and responsive spaces that challenge the linearity of building and planning processes, - insisting on giving space and relevance to the vulnerable and un-represented in urban development. This artistic and practice-based research is a reflection on architecture in relation to the social and temporal communities, unfolding around it and weaving together with it. The research is structured as a dynamic process - based on reflections on selected projects from the architectural-artistic practice of Gitte Juul - where one project develops and leads into the next in this analysis. The research aims to contribute with knowledge about the role and significance of architecture in society through an interdisciplinary study of different forms of becoming. It designates the approach Situated Planning to challenge the power relations and the principle that architects - through representations - are shaping our surroundings before acting in them. To understand and develop this specific approach - and to demonstrate its relevance for the thinking and making of architecture - the research uses examples from practice, merged with artistic and theoretical reflection as its main research material and focus, based on the model \u27Practice Driven Research. It points out topics and stimulates interests for further investigations and learning, aiming at bridging academic research, teaching, and architectural/artistic practice. It intends to show how architecture and planning can direct the attention towards the perspectives and values of the livelihoods that people create and change over time, and thereby possibly create an opportunity for architects and planners to see new strategies for dealing with what cannot be planned for, but only searched for.Doktorska disertacija z naslovom Gradnja relacijskih prostorov (Building Relational Spaces) raziskuje zmožnost arhitekture, da ustvarja prostore, ki so odprti, odzivni in podpirajo skupnost, da postavlja pod vprašaj linearnost procesov gradnje in načrtovanja, pri tem pa odločno udejanja stališče, da je treba zagotoviti prostor in veljavo ranljivim skupinam, ki sicer v procesih urbanega razvoja niso zastopane. Umetniška raziskava, ki izhaja iz prakse, obravnava arhitekturo v odnosu do družbenih skupnosti v času, se okrog nje razpira in se z njo prepleta. Raziskava je strukturirana kot dinamičen proces - osnovan na razmišljanjih o izbranih projektih iz arhitekturno-umetniške prakse Gitte Juul -, v katerem se analiza vsakega projekt razvije in vodi v analizo naslednjega. Cilj raziskave je nadgradnja védenja o vlogi in pomenu arhitekture v družbi, in sicer skozi interdisciplinarno proučevanje različnih oblik postajanja. V njej je osnovan pristop situiranega načrtovanja (situated planning), ki naj služi kot orodje za zoperstavitev odnosom moči in principu, po katerem arhitekti - skozi reprezentacije - oblikujejo naše okolje, ne da bi prej v njem delovali. Za razumevanje in razvoj tega specifičnega pristopa - in za ponazoritev njegove relevance pri razmišljanju in ustvarjanju v arhitekturi - raziskava kot gradivo za proučevanje in kot svoj fokus uporabi primere iz prakse, združene z umet- niško in teoretsko refleksijo, vse pa temelji na modelu raziskovanja iz prakse. Delo nakazuje teme in spodbuja zanimanje za nadaljnje proučevanje in učenje ter povezuje področja akademskega raziskovanja, poučevanja in arhitekturne/ umetniške prakse. Njegov namen je pokazati, kako lahko arhitektura in načrtovanje usmerjata pozornost k perspektivam in vrednostim konceptov bivanja ki jih ljudje ustvarjajo in spreminjajo skozi čas, in tako morda arhitektom in načrtovalcem ponuditi priložnost. da najdejo nove strategije za spoprijemanjem s tem, česar ne moremo načrtovati, pač pa lahko le iščemo
I wake up and hit the JUUL: Analyzing Twitter for JUUL nicotine effects and dependence
No full textBackground: JUUL—a novel electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)—comprises most of the ENDS market share. Additionally, JUUL has a high nicotine content and utilizes a patented nicotine salt formulation aimed to speed absorption. Many JUUL users are not aware of the nicotine content and therefore may not be expecting acute nicotine effects or potential for dependence. This study sought to analyze Twitter messages (“tweets”) regarding nicotine, symptoms of dependence, and withdrawal related to JUUL use. Methods: Data were collected from Twitter\u27s Filtered Streams interface 4/11–6/16/2018 by retrieving tweets matching the terms “juul,” “juuls,” and “juuling” that also used words consistent with nicotine effects, symptoms of dependence, and withdrawal. A random 5% subsample (n = 1986) was coded by 2 independent coders. Cohen\u27s κ for inter-rater reliability ranged 0.62–1.00 for all coded variables. Tweets were assessed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Results: A total of 335 tweets mentioned dependence-related themes, including use upon waking and compulsion to use. A total of 189 tweets mentioned themes related to nicotine, with almost 15% of these tweets describing physical effects. Additionally, 42 tweets mentioned themes related to quitting JUUL and/or withdrawal from JUUL. Discussion: This qualitative analysis suggests that users of JUUL are experiencing symptoms of nicotine exposure and dependence. Considering the high nicotine content of JUUL and the rising popularity among young people, more research around initiation of and dependence on JUUL, as well as the impact of recent FDA policy changes, should be conducted
A comparison of the electrical characteristics, liquid composition, and toxicant emissions of JUUL USA and JUUL UK e-cigarettes
No full textIn 2018, JUUL entered the UK market, where EU regulations limit liquid nicotine concentration to 20 mg/mL, approximately one-third the level of JUUL products sold in the USA. We hypothesized that JUUL’s UK product was engineered to deliver greater electrical power and boost liquid vaporization such that the net nicotine delivery rate was similar to the US version. We compared electrical characteristics, liquid composition, and aerosol emissions of JUUL devices procured in the USA and the UK. Study outcomes included electrical power, total and freebase nicotine, propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin ratio, carbonyls, and reactive oxygen species. Liquids and aerosols were analyzed by GCMS, HPLC, and fluorescence. Compared to the US version, JUUL UK had approximately one-third the liquid nicotine concentration in the liquid (5.4 vs. 1.6 wt.%) and aerosol (4.7 and 1.3 wt.%). Other than nicotine concentration and yield, we found no differences in any other study outcome, including electrical power. Currently, JUUL UK emits nicotine at a far lower rate than the US product, offering an opportunity to study how this factor impacts user behavior, JUUL uptake, and other population-level outcomes across the two markets. © 2020, The Author(s)
JUUL: Spreading Online and Offline
No full textPurpose: The increasing popularity of the JUUL electronic nicotine delivery system among youth poses several potential public health concerns. Social media can be used to better understand the spread of information related to JUUL. This study examined whether adolescents (age \u3c 18) are following JUUL\u27s official Twitter account and subsequently sharing (retweeting) JUUL\u27s posts to their followers. We also assessed various patterns in which adolescents share information on JUUL with each other. Methods: We collected 3,239 tweets from JUUL\u27s official Twitter account (@JUULVapor) for one full year from February 2017 to January 2018. These tweets were shared by Twitter users to their followers 1,124 times by 721 unique users. Users were determined to be either adolescent (age \u3c18) or adult (≥18) based on a systematic procedure involving double coding. We used social network analysis to explore the relationships between users retweeting JUUL. Results: One-quarter (25%) of users were determined to be adolescents. Social network analysis revealed a maximum path length of 4 and a positive assortativity (r =.29). There were 25 (9%) instances of an adolescent retweeting content from another adolescent, 35 (12%) of an adolescent retweeting from an adult, and 30 (11%) of an adult retweeting from an adolescent. Conclusions: JUUL\u27s official Twitter account is being followed—and its messages are being shared—by adolescents. Rigorous policies and prevention programs are needed to curb adolescent exposure to JUUL content and discussions online
Predictors of e-cigarette/JUUL recognition among school personnel working in a school with an e-cigarette/JUUL policy.
No full textPredictors of e-cigarette/JUUL recognition among school personnel working in a school with an e-cigarette/JUUL policy.</p
Characteristics and toxicant emissions of JUUL electronic cigarettes
No full textIntroduction JUUL is an electronic cigarette (ECIG) with a compact form factor. It is prefilled with a liquid that is advertised to contain a high concentration of nicotine salt. JUUL commands 50% of the US ECIG market share, and its wide popularity with underage users has triggered unprecedented actions by the US FDA. Apart from its nicotine salt-containing liquid and compact form, a salient advertised design feature is a control circuit that limits the heating coil temperature, presumably reducing unwanted toxicants. In this study, several tobacco-flavoured JUUL devices were reverse engineered, and their aerosol emissions were studied. Methods Total nicotine and its partitioning (freebase and protonated), propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG) ratio, and carbonyls were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The temperature control functionality of JUUL was investigated using a temperature-controlled bath in which the coil was submerged. Results The liquid nicotine concentration was found to be 69 mg/mL, and the liquid and aerosol PG/VG ratio was found to be 30/70. In 15 puffs, JUUL emitted 2.05 (0.08) mg of nicotine, overwhelmingly in the protonated form. Carbonyl yields were significantly lower than those reported for combustible cigarettes, but similar to other closed-system ECIG devices. The heating coil resistance was 1.6 (0.66) Ohm, while the maximum power delivered by the JUUL device was 8.1 W. The control circuit limited the peak operating temperature to approximately 215C. Conclusions JUUL emits a high-nicotine concentration aerosol predominantly in the protonated form. JUUL's nicotine-normalised formaldehyde and total aldehyde yields are lower than other previously studied ECIGs and combustible cigarettes. © 2019 Author(s)
Appeal of JUUL Among Adolescents
No full textIntroduction: JUUL is a closed-system e-cigarette that uses disposable pods with high concentrations of nicotine. JUUL use among youth arose exponentially since 2015, thus, it is essential to understand youths’ reasons for liking/disliking JUUL to inform the regulation of the product.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4 high schools in Connecticut in 2018 (N = 3170). The survey assessed JUUL use in the past month and reasons for liking/disliking JUUL, which included pharmacological effects (e.g., subjective nicotine and/or flavor effects), product characteristics (e.g., flavors, nicotine, shape), peer influence (e.g., friends’ use), comparisons to other e-cigarettes (e.g., lower harm), and concealability (e.g., hide from authority).
Results: 30.2% (N = 956) were past-month users who used a JUUL on an average of 13.6 days (SD = 11.7; 25% reported daily use). The top reasons for liking JUUL were: “it gives me a buzz” (52%), “I like the flavors” (43%), and “my friends use it” (36%). The top reasons for disliking JUUL were: “the pods are expensive” (57%), “nicotine is too high” (20%), and “it gives me a headache” (18%). Regression models indicated that liking JUUL because of the buzz, ability to help concentrate, nicotine level, and ease of hiding it from teachers were associated with more days of use in the past month, while peer influence was negatively associated. Furthermore, disliking the high cost of pods was associated with more frequent use.
Conclusions: Comprehensive policies that regulate device characteristics that appeal to youth (e.g., nicotine level, flavors) are needed to prevent JUUL use among youth
Juul Like It?
No full textJuul is the most prominent producer of e-cigarettes, devices that vaporize nicotine for inhalation. These devices were developed to deliver nicotine in a tobacco-free vapor as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. The Juul, in particular among other e-cigarettes, delivers a much higher concentration of dissolved nicotine than a standard cigarette. Although many smokers use Juuls as a method of quitting cigarettes, the overwhelming majority of Juul users are 15-21 years old and have never before used cigarettes, but now have unknowingly become heavily addicted to the nicotine contents. Research has found that 63% of Juul users do not know that the product contains nicotine, and many users believe they are vaping “just flavoring.” Devices that were originally designed to help adults quit smoking have now become devices that are putting an entire generation at risk of nicotine dependence. Data collected gave disturbing insight into the marketing strategies of the Juul company, which targets and exploits naïve and vulnerable youth into purchasing, and subsequently becoming addicted to, their product for company profit.
The goal of this project is to raise public awareness about the severe health consequences of this current social norm and debunk myths that Juuls are harmless because they are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. Preventative measures to deter people from using Juuls as well as corrective interventions for Juul users to break their addictive patterns will be offered in an effort to address this national epidemic
The JUUL E-Cigarette Elevates the Risk of Thrombosis and Potentiates Platelet Activation
No full text© The Author(s) 2020. Background: Smoking is the main preventable cause of death in the United States and worldwide and is associated with serious cardiovascular health consequences, including thrombotic diseases. Recently, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and, in particular JUUL, have attained wide popularity among smokers, nonsmokers, pregnant females, and even the youth, which is alarming. Interestingly, there is/are no information/studies regarding the effect of JUUL on cardiovascular diseases, specifically in the context of modulation of platelet activation. Thus, it is important to discern the cardiovascular disease health risks associated with JUUL. Methods and Results: We used a passive e-vape vapor inhalation system where C57BL/6J mice (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to JUUL e-cigarette vape. Menthol flavored JUUL pods containing 5% nicotine by weight were used as the e-liquid. Mice were exposed to a total of 70 puffs daily for 2 weeks; 3-second puff duration, and 25-second puff interval. The effects of JUUL relative to clean air were analyzed, on mouse platelet function in vitro (eg, aggregation) and in vivo (eg, FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury thrombosis model). Our results indicate that short-term exposure to JUUL e-cigarette causes hyperactivation of platelets and shortens the thrombus occlusion as well as hemostasis/bleeding times, relative to clean air (medians of 14 vs. 200 seconds, P \u3c.01 and 35 vs. 295 seconds, P \u3c.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings document—for the first time—that short-term exposure to the JUUL e-cigarette increases the risk of thrombotic events, in part by modulating platelet function, such as aggregation and secretion, in mice
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