1,308 research outputs found
Gender and generation in native title
No full textWhile gender and age are often noted as being important dimensions of Indigenous leadership and governance, they have rarely been examined in detail. This paper focuses specifically on the gender and age of directors on the boards of prescribed bodies corporate (PBCs), the corporations established to hold and/or manage native title rights and interests.
A predominant view persists of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women as excluded or marginalised in native title. Statistical data for the year 2011–12 reveals, however, that women’s representation on PBC boards is higher than that found in mainstream sectors, while the literature reveals a complex picture of cultural, historical, demographic, institutional and intercultural factors that influence men’s and women’s participation and power in the native title arena.
A key generational concern is the relatively low number of older people and the growing number of young people in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Viewed in relation to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and projected changes, the pool of potential PBC directors looks likely to grow in coming years. This paper argues that, as an increasingly significant sector, PBCs have the potential to both contribute to and benefit from the strengthening of community capacity but this potential will not be realised until the constraints on the capacity of PBCs to meet their statutory obligations and pursue native title holder aspirations are addressed.
[Published under the imprint AIATSIS Research Publications
The regional geopolitics of the strait of Gibraltar
No full textSecurity of passage of the Strait of Gibraltar is an imperative for the world community. To achieve this, there must be stability on the northern and southern shores of the Strait. Peace in the region is currently threatened by the "creeping jurisdiction" which both Spain and Morocco wish to exert over the waters of the Strait. Other factors which threaten stability are the historical rivalry which exists between Spain and the Islamic southern shore; the legacy of disputed sovereignty in the Crown Colony of Gibraltar and the Spanish Plazas in North Africa; the economic divide betwen the EC and Maghreb along the Strait axis; and the possible threat of militant Islam. Contentions also exist between Morocco and Algeria, eg the Western Saharan War. The re-establishment of a strong "power hierarchy" in the area must be supported by such international instruments as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Crown Colony and the Spanish Plazas must be decolonized once Spain is firmly integrated into the EC and NATO, and once Morocco has reached a level of economic and political development that is condusive to closer ties with Western institutions
Building audiences: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts
No full textBuilding Audiences examines the barriers to and the strategies for increasing audiences in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts sector. This research investigates the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of current and potential audiences.
What is in the report?
The findings reveal the key barriers facing audience attendance include:
uncertainty about how to behave at cultural events and fear of offending
lack of awareness with audiences not actively seeking information about Indigenous arts
and outdated perceptions of the sector – that it is only perceived as ‘serious or educational’.
Building Audiences also considered several strategies to build audiences for Indigenous arts:
providing skills development, advice and resourcing to Indigenous practitioners within the arts sector;
increasing representation of Indigenous artists in the main programing of arts companies by including more Indigenous people in decision making roles;
promoting relationships between Indigenous arts and non-Indigenous companies to present their work to wider audiences;
introducing children and young people to Indigenous arts through schools and extracurricular activities;
allowing audiences to feel comfortable engaging by creating accessible experiences;
implementing long-term strategies to change negative perceptions of Indigenous arts.
The project was commissioned by the Australia Council for the Arts and funding partners include Australia Council for the Arts; Faculty of Business and Law and Institute of Koorie Education, Deakin University; Melbourne Business School, The University of Melbourne
Overview of Australian Indigenous health status 2014
No full textThis Overview of Australian Indigenous health status provides information about: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations; the context of Indigenous health; various measures of population health status; selected health conditions; and health risk and protective factors.
This Overview of Australian Indigenous health status provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia (states and territories are: New South Wales (NSW), Victoria (Vic), Queensland (Qld), Western Australia (WA), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (Tas), The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and The Northern Territory (NT)). It draws largely on previously published information, some of which has been re-analysed to provide clearer comparisons between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous people (for more details of statistics and methods, readers should refer to the original sources). Very little information is available separately for Australian Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people. It is often difficult to determine whether original sources that use the term ‘Indigenous\u27 are referring to Aboriginal people only, Torres Strait Islander people only or to both groups. In these instances the terms from the original source are used
The politics of divide: representation and the Torres Strait diaspora
No full textAustralia's Indigenous population is comprised of two related, but distinct cultural groups – Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. The two groups have a shared history dating back to thousands of years of cultural exchange, trade and travel between the islands of the Torres Strait and mainland Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also share a similar colonial history marked by oppression, displacement and forced removal from their ancestral homelands. Recently however, the extent of 'shared histories' between the two groups has taken a distinctive turn as government policy seeks to redefine the boundaries of who constitutes an Indigenous Australian. This redefinition of Indigenous Australia is evident in government policy relating to Torres Strait Islanders, and more specifically, Torres Strait Islanders who live outside the Torres Strait. This paper explores the contentious political and social landscape that pertains to Indigenous Australians, and in particular the role government policy plays in redefining and engineering the boundaries of inclusion of certain cultural groups, most notably Torres Strait Islanders. The author argues that Indigenous social policy (in the Australian context) is characterised by a complex and often contradictory interplay of social and cultural processes that have been constructed within the politics of identity, representation and 'people making'
Elections and Political Risk: New Evidence from Political Prediction Markets in Taiwan
No full textWe examine the effects of party platforms on the economic opportunities of firms using a unique data set from a political prediction market in Taiwan, a country with two dominant parties whose political cleavage derives mainly from a single issue: the “One China Principle”. We find that during the 2008 Presidential campaign, the share price of Taiwanese firms with investments in the mainland responded strongly and positively to a positive electoral outlook for the KMT, the party which advocates lifting caps on cross-strait investment in mainland China. The response is strongest for those firms who have already hit their caps.Partisan Effects, Taiwan
Reconstruction of Bering Strait volume transport suggesting the contribution of Bering Sea continental shelf to the pressure head forcing
No full textThe author reconstructed in-situ volume transport (VT) through the Bering Strait using the NNW wind component, the gradient of dynamic ocean topography (DOT) across the strait and DOT in the East Siberian Sea (RMSE = 0.2 Sv). The difference between in-situ VT and reconstructed VT (diffVT) was correlated with DOT in the northern Bering Sea shelf (DOTBER) during fall and winter. DOTBER was then introduced to the multiple linear regression model. The reconstructed VT shows the improved accuracy of reconstruction (RMSE = 0.16). Also, the author found DOTBER contributes to constant northward transport rather than the variability of in-situ VT. Those suggest that DOTBER represents a part of the pressure head forcing. EOF 1st mode of DOT (DOT-EOF1) was correlated with diffVT during fall season. SVD analysis revealed EOF 2nd mode of DOT is related to the Aleutian Low pressure pattern, but DOT-EOF1 is not related to the atmospheric circulation. The author found that positive correlation (R = 0.46) between DOT-EOF1 and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Those suggest that the variability of DOT in the Bering Sea shelf related to the pressure head forcing is considered to be resulted from steric variability.journal articl
Currents in the Juan de Fuca Strait
No full textThis work was digitally reproduced from a non-circulating print copy held by Royal Roads University Library. It forms part of a limited-scope digital collection of locally significant historical theses for which the Library is not currently accepting requests for digitization or deposit. Please contact the Royal Roads University Library for more details. The author has granted the Royal Roads University Library the non-exclusive right to digitize and make this work electronically available via DSpace @ RRU. This work should not be copied, downloaded, or distributed further without permission from the author. Please contact the RRU Copyright Office [email protected] for more information.The low-pass filtered residual along-strait current and across-strait pressure difference data, collected at the mid-strait and at the mouth are examined to determine the characteristics of the flow in Juan de Fuca Strait. The mean residual flow structure shows a positive estuarine circulation at both oceanographic sections.
The method of geostrophic levelling of bottom pressure gauges is tested using linear regression to determine the relationship between the along-strait residual velocities and the residual across-strait pressure differences. The regression equation shows that the south gauge is higher than the north gauge and that there is a reasonably direct relationship between the measured residual pressure difference and mean along-strait residual flow.
Cross-spectral analysis of the residual current and pressure difference time series support the geostrophic levelling results. The residual volume transport and pressure differences are coherent in only the lowest frequency band with the two time series out of phase by 180\sp\circ. The residual across-strait pressure differences are a good measure of the mean along-strait surface currents but only a fair measure of the net volume transport.
The amplitude ratio shows a slight increase with increasing frequency at the mid-strait section but the trend is not smooth. (Abstract shortened by UMI.
Utilisation of primary health care services by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men
No full textBackground: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men experience worse health outcomes and are the most marginalised and disadvantaged population group in Australia. The nation’s sociopolitical environment remains a significant factor in their poor health and wellbeing, and its primary health care services (PHCSs) are likewise under-utilised by this sector. Employing an Indigenist research methodology, and through the lens of a Torres Strait Islander man, the work undertaken for this thesis aims to better understand the utilisation of PHCSs by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men, including their physical and psychological barriers, motivators and enablers. In turn, this will help inform potential strategies and increase their use of such services, as well as improve the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. Methods: A systematic literature review assessed international evidence from studies that explored both the utilisation of health services by Indigenous men and the evaluation of implemented strategies for their subsequent improvement. A qualitative study was then conducted to document the perspectives and experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men with PHCSs. The study embraced the principles of Indigenist research methodologies, which values Indigenous knowledge and privileges such voices for the betterment of Indigenous lives. Results: Evidently, Australia’s sociopolitical landscape continues to disadvantage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The dispossession of land, together with the social determinants of health, coupled with paternalism, transgenerational trauma and racism, contribute to the poor health and wellbeing of this population group. The systematic literature review identified several factors affecting the utilisation of PHCSs by Indigenous men. These were categorised into three primary organising themes: those related to health services, the attitudes of Indigenous men and their communities, and knowledge. The qualitative study included 19 interviews with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men to explore their experiences, motives, barriers and enablers related to utilising PHCSs. The identified enabling factors included the perceived quality of such services, feeling culturally safe or a sense of belonging and having good rapport with their staff or services. Conversely, common barriers included feeling invincible, experiencing shame, not knowing when to go and for what reason, enduring long waiting times to secure an appointment and negative experiences due to culturally inappropriate staff or services. Informed by the literature and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men interviewed in the qualitative study, this thesis, therefore, presents six recommended steps to increase PHCS utilisation and 10 potential strategies to increase and improve access to such services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. Conclusion: Currently, Australia’s health systems are limited in their ability to improve the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males, should they remain without implementing strategies to increase access to PHCSs and improve utilisation. Equally, it is important to acknowledge the heterogeneity of these men, communities and PHCSs, as a one-size-fits-all approach will not work. Through evidence-based research, subsequent policies and programs can, in turn, be made and implemented to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders men’s health.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 201
Outcomes of Revascularization for Peripheral Artery Disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and Non-Indigenous Australians
No full textBackground
Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples are at high risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but outcomes of revascularization are unknown. Revascularization outcomes were compared among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who underwent lower limb revascularization between January 2015 and July 2023. PAD severity was defined using the Rutherford classification and angiographic scoring systems (ANGIO score, Global Limb Anatomic Staging System [GLASS], Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus). The primary outcome was major adverse limb events (MALE), that is, major amputation or repeat revascularization. The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major amputation, and repeat revascularization alone.
Results
A total of 504 patients were included. Fifty-seven (11.3%) were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, who were more likely to present with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (74% vs. 65%; P = 0.01) and have infrapopliteal disease (GLASS: odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.15–3.24; P = 0.013; ANGIO score: OR 1.97, 1.18–3.29; P = 0.01) compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Risk of MALE (rate ratio [RR] 1.39; 0.91–2.13; P = 0.126) and repeat revascularization (RR 1.18, 0.74–1.88; P = 0.493) were similar, but Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People had a higher risk of major amputation (RR 3.35; 1.66–6.75; P = 0.001) and MACE (RR 1.88, 1.17–3.03; P = 0.009) than non-Indigenous participants. Adjusted analyses suggested the increased risk of major amputation was due to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People presenting with more severe PAD and tissue loss compared to non-Indigenous patients.
Conclusion
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples present with more severe PAD and have greater risk of major amputation. Culturally appropriate programs are needed to raise awareness and promote secondary prevention.Full Tex
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