17,742 research outputs found
Jurkowski Roman, Ziemiaństwo polskie Kresów północno-wschodnich, 1864-1904 (les Propriétaires terriens polonais des Confins du Nord-Est, 1864-1904)
No full textBeauvois Daniel. Jurkowski Roman, Ziemiaństwo polskie Kresów północno-wschodnich, 1864-1904 (les Propriétaires terriens polonais des Confins du Nord-Est, 1864-1904). In: Revue des études slaves, tome 73, fascicule 4, 2001. La littérature soviétique aujourd'hui, sous la direction de Catherine Depretto. pp. 825-827
Jurkowski Roman, Ziemiaństwo polskie Kresów północno-wschodnich, 1864-1904 (les Propriétaires terriens polonais des Confins du Nord-Est, 1864-1904)
No full textBeauvois Daniel. Jurkowski Roman, Ziemiaństwo polskie Kresów północno-wschodnich, 1864-1904 (les Propriétaires terriens polonais des Confins du Nord-Est, 1864-1904). In: Revue des études slaves, tome 73, fascicule 4, 2001. La littérature soviétique aujourd'hui, sous la direction de Catherine Depretto. pp. 825-827
Roman Jurkowski. Sukcesy i porażki. Ziemiaństwo polskie Ziem Zabranych w wyborach do Dumy Państwowej i Rady Państwa 1906-1913 : recenzija
No full textRecenzijoje aptariama Romano Jurkowskio „Sukcesy i porazki. Ziemianstwopolskie Ziem Zabranych w wyborach do Dumy Państwowej i Rady Panstwa 1906−1913“. Recenzuojamos knygos objektas − lenkų dvarininkų dalyvavimas rinkimuose ne tik į jau minėtas Rusijos dūmas, bet ir į Valstybės tarybą. Autorius labai detaliai aprašo rinkimų į šias kvazidemokratines institucijas tvarką bei jos kaitą, rinkiminės agitacijos taisykles; lenkų politines grupes, jų programas bei veiklą rinkimų metu, šios tautinės-socialinės grupės bendradarbiavimą bei konfrontaciją su kitomis tautinėmis grupėmis. Aptardamas rinkimų eigą Vilniaus bei Kauno gubernijose, R. Jurkowskis nemažai dėmesio skyrė lietuvių ir lenkų santykiams. Reikėtų pažymėti gana kritišką autoriaus nuostatą jo analizuojamos socialinės-tautinės grupės atžvilgiu. R. Jurkowskis pažymi, kad dvarininkams svarbūs buvo jų luominiai interesai, kurie trukdė suvokti kitų tautinių grupių interesus, jiems, anot tyrinėtojo, trūko gilesnės refleksijos apie politinius procesus, vykusius Rusijos imperijoje ir pan. Nors šioje monografijoje nepateikiama kokių nors kardinaliai naujų apibendrinimų ar netikėtų išvadų, ji bus labai svarbi visiems, tyrinėsiantiems XX a. pradžios politinius procesus etninėse lietuvių, baltarusių bei ukrainiečių žemėse. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dvarininkija; Gardinas; Kaunas; Lenkų dvarininkai; Lietuvių ir lenkų santykiai; Recenzija; Rinkimai; Roman Jurkowski; Rusijos Dūma; Valstybės dūma; Valstybės taryba; Vilniaus ir Kauno gubernijos; Vilnius; „Sukcesy i porazki: Ziemianstwo polskie Ziem Zabranych w wyborach do Dumy Panstwowej i Rady Panstwa 1906–1913“; Elections; Gentry; Grodno; Kaunas; Lithuanian-Polish relations; Polish landlords; Review; Roman Jurkowski; State Council; State Duma of the Russian Empire; State duma; Vilnius; Vilnius and Kaunas gubernias; „Sukcesy i porazki: Ziemianstwo polskie Ziem Zabranych w wyborach do Dumy Panstwowej i Rady Panstwa 1906–1913“The review discusses the book “Sukcesy i porazki. Ziemianstwopolskie Ziem Zabranych w wyborach do Dumy Państwowej i Rady Panstwa 1906−1913” [Successes and Failures: Polish Landowners from the Nine Western Provinces in the Elections to the Russian State Duma and State Council in the Years 1906–1913] by Roman Jurkowski. The object of the reviewed book is the participation of Polish landowners in the elections to the Russian State Duma and the State Council. The author describes the procedure of the elections to these quasi-democratic institutions in great detail and its change as well as the rules of the run-up to the elections; Polish political groups, their agendas and activity during the elections, cooperation and confrontation of this ethnic-social group with other ethnic groups. When discussing the process of the elections in Vilnius and Kaunas guberniyas, Jurkowski pays considerable attention to the Lithuanian-Polish relations. A rather critical author’s attitude towards his analysed social-ethnic group should be noted. Jurkowski points out that landowners cared about their estate interests which hindered the understanding of the interests of other ethnic groups and that they lacked a deeper reflection of political processes taking place in the Russian Empire, etc. Although this monograph does not present any cardinally new generalisations or unexpected conclusions, it will be very important to everybody who investigates the political processes of the beginning of the 20th c. in the ethnic lands of Lithuanians, Belarusians and Ukrainians
After Sulla: study in the settlement and material culture of the Piraeus peninsula in the Roman and Late Roman period
Full text linkModem text-based and ancient historical accounts take the sack of Piraeus, the port of Athens in Greece, by the Romans under Sulla in 86 ВС as the terminal point of the history of the area in antiquity. Archaeological work on the town has tended so far to regard the post-Classical phases of the settlement as less interesting than those marking the 'heyday' of the port in the Classical period. This thesis explores the nature and scale of settlement in the area in the centuries spanning the town's destruction by the Romans in 86 ВС and the Late Roman period. The study is based on a re-assessment of archaeological data from old and recent rescue excavations in the modem town up to 1997. It also presents and discusses in detail the results of post-excavation work by the author on unpublished material from an extensive site excavated in the early 1980s, These results are compared to and synthesized with epigraphic and other testimonies to answer questions about the nature of settlement and the degree of social and cultural change in the area during the period in focus. The discussion focuses in particular on; 1) exploring continuity and change in the settlement patterns, demography and topography of the town, 2) the changing nature of domestic space and its organization, and 3) investigating patterns of pottery consumption and trade. These issues are examined in the context of the social, economic and cultural changes documented for the Roman imperial and Late Roman period by previous archaeological fieldwork and excavations in the region of southern Greece and the Aegean
A re-examination of the evidence for parade-grounds at auxiliary forts in Roman Britain
Full text linkThis Thesis examines the underlying evidence for parade-grounds at auxiliary forts in Roman Britain. Firstly by examining the evidence supporting forts with actual physical remains, such as the altars and the tribunal at Maryport and the artificially levelled area at Hardknott, and those with flagged areas which have been interpreted as parade-grounds, such as Ambleside and Gelligaer. The literary evidence of ancient authors is examined with particular reference to training and exercising and where this might have been undertaken. The occasions when a parade might have been appropriate in Roman times are examined, as is the possibility of a modem concept being superimposed on an ancient action
Re-Thinking Ritual Traditions: Interpreting Structured Deposition in Watery Contexts in Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Britain
No full textThis investigation seeks to define the strands of continuity and change in structured deposition across the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age to Early Roman transition in Britain, and interpret their significance in terms of cultural interaction. These interpretations not only examine and re-think structured deposition in relation to ritual traditions, but also explore how the continuity of such traditions was impacted by the transition between these two periods. Metalwork is a central focus but a wide range of other finds are also considered in order to take a holistic perspective on deposition. Watery deposits were an obvious starting point but comparisons with dry context deposits were necessary to provide a more complete understanding of these practices. The data were gathered from a number of individual sites throughout two contrasting case study zones defined by major waterways and labelled as such: the Severn-Thames Axis in the south and the Solway-Forth Axis in the north of Britain. Through the use of site reports as the main source of data, the analysis took a two-tiered approach. Individual episodes of structured deposition were examined and interpreted on a site-by-site basis. This then led to investigations on a broader scale by examining changes in the continuity of practices in the type of finds deposited, the contexts into which deposition took place and pre-deposition practices, such as deliberate breakage to determine patterns of deposition across the case study zones as a whole. With this comparative analysis it can be concluded that watery contexts were not a unique locus of structured deposition, and indeed that this practice is highly diverse across the zones studied. The tempora
The Empire, the Land, and the Exodus: A Study of How the Roman Empire Literally Shaped Christianity: 1 C.E. - 280 C.E.
Full text linkThis paper explores the factors and trends involved in the movement of Christian communities from Palestine into Asia Minor and regions west of the Aegean Sea. Because the first generation of Christians generally continued to identify themselves as Jewish, this paper looks into the factors that affected the Jewish community with the perspective that a large portion of the early Christians were still members of the Jewish community. Roman land control policies, taxation, and continuous loss and division of land all but pushed many Jews out of the region while the peace of Augustus led many more to depart more voluntarily. It was the culmination of all these factors that led to Jewish emigration from the Palestinian region. The paper will begin with a brief history of the birth of Christianity and the Jewish-Roman relationship in Palestine, followed by a discussion of factors that led to emigration from Palestine, and then end with an analysis of the locations of the Christian communities
Beyond the Foreigner: representations of non-roman individuals and communities in latin historiography, from Sallust to Ammianus Marcellinus
Full text linkFrom the foundation of the city of Rome in 753 BCE to the capture of the same in 476 CE, the ancient Romans came into contact with a diverse range of peoples. The Romans did not want only to conquer these peoples and incorporate them into the empire, but also they displayed a genuine interest in learning about foreigners. Roman historical narrative demonstrates clearly this prevailing curiosity. This thesis examines the representations of foreign individuals and communities in five works: SaUust, helium lugurthinum; Livy, Ab Vrhe Condita 21-30; Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus, Historiae Philippicae 11-12; Tacitus, Germania; Ammianus MarcelHnus, Res Gestae 23.6. These authors represent a broad range of types of history writing (monograph, AUG history, universal history), and they span most of die history of Rome as an empire (40s BCE to the late 300s CE). Moreover, these works represent a diverse range of geographic locations in that they include the three major parts of the world as understood by the Romans: Africa, Europe and Asia. Finally, they cover—or they exist within the context of—the full range of the Roman-Foreign experience: victory (Numidia, Carthage), defeat (Persia), and non- result (Germani).This thesis demonstrates that Roman historians employ a diverse range of presentations of non-Roman individuals and communities. Roman historians appear not to have been constrained by a narrow set of rules when it comes to writing non- Romans; rather, each author can be seen to be engaging in a wider Roman discourse on the foreigner. And this discourse extends beyond the Roman world and Roman historical writing: the historians of Rome can be seen as building upon, and responding to, the so-called father of history, Herodotus, whose own narrative established firmly that exploration of the foreigner is an important part of historical inquiry. Close analysis clearly demonstrates each presentation of a non-Roman character or community to be an intricate and fascinating construction, and understanding how the foreigner is conceptualised in the work is of critical importance. On the one hand, the presentation of foreigners fits into the historian’s overarching aims and objectives in his work; on the other hand, the representation of foreigners can dictate the ways in which the Roman history is narrated. Non-Romans both fit into and they provide direction for, Roman historical narrative. By studying the complexities of the presentation of non-Romans, therefore, this thesis enhances our understanding of the sophistication of Roman historical writing. Despite the continuing acknowledgement of the important role ethnography plays in writings of Herodotus and his Greek and Roman successors and imitators, there has not so far been a genre-wide detailed study of the ethnography in Greek or Roman historiography. This thesis, therefore, seeks to rectify partially this omission on the part of scholarship, and establish a foundation for future study of the non-Roman in Latin literature and Roman culture
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