1,736,352 research outputs found
Of Junk Food and Junk Science
No full textThe popular press has triumphantly announced that the cause of the obesity epidemic is “junk food.†After a moment’s reflection, however, it seems likely that the true causal structure of the obesity epidemic can be neither single-equation nor univariate. Therefore, while the hypothesis that “junk food†is the cause of obesity has little a priori plausibility, these articles in the popular press present a testable hypothesis that, in spite of some measurement impossibilities, is tested here. While one can always argue about p values etc., it is safe to say that the results show no evidence to indicate support for a causal link. The second section of the paper explains this result and suggests a rudimentary structural model of obesity that begins to address the issues of specification error, simultaneity, etc., that plague much of the obesity research. This model shows that because of the dynamic nature of weight status, there is no necessary reason to expect to find a statistical relation between a person’s observed weight and the amount he or she is currently eating or exercising. Therefore, studies which regress weight, obesity, or the probability of obesity on eating and exercise patterns have serious specification error. Further development of structural econometric models of obesity may lead to consistent estimates of the partial effects of exogenous variables on obesity levels. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for policy development and industry.obesity, junk food, Granger-causality, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, Q10, Q16,
Universalism and junk
No full textThose who accept the necessity of mereological universalism face what has come to be known as the junk argument due to Bohn [2009], which proceeds from (i) the incompatibility of junk with universalism and (ii) the possibility of junk, to conclude that mereological universalism isn't metaphysically necessary. Most attention has focused on (ii); however, recent authors have cast doubt on (i). This paper undertakes a defence of premise (i) against three main objections. The first is a new objection to the effect that Bohn's defence of that premise presupposes far too much. I show that one can defend premise (i) from a much weaker set of assumptions. The second objection, due to Contessa [2012], is that those who accept unrestricted composition should only accept the existence of binary sums (which are compatible with junk) rather than infinitary fusions. I argue that this conception of unrestricted composition is problematic: it is in conflict with an intuitive remainder principle. The final objection is due to Spencer [2012]. His view is that there is no absolutely unrestricted plural universal quantifier; so any statement of the unrestricted fusion axiom will simply not rule out the existence of junky worlds. I argue that the failure of unrestricted quantification will not be enough by itself to establish the existence of junk. Furthermore, it is not clear whether this view counts as a form of mereological universalism. As a result, I suggest that if one wants to reject the junk argument, premise (ii) is the only viable option.Peer reviewe
JUNK: rubbish to gold
No full textJUNK: rubbish to gold is a playful exploration of community economies (exchange, giving, bartering, gathering, earning, harvesting); putting on display the process of creating the ‘work of art’. Co-created and co-curated by Jivan Astfalck, Laura Bradshaw-Heap and Rachel Darbourne and partnered with charities, who supplied JUNK jewellery. During a public performance 31 jewellers ‘gifted’ their skills, (re)constructing pieces selected from a mountain of JUNK creating reimagined artworks for the exhibition and auction. Maria Hanson was invited to participate in this performance and exhibition(s) and (re)created 7 pieces of jewellery during the event. The performance was live-streamed on screens in the mac Birmingham and the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter and across the world.
Reusing is often perceived as the up-cycling of one object to another, from unwanted to desired, consumer leftovers turned into new desirable luxury consumables to buy. This reuse is the cornerstone of jewellery as a discipline, with materials shifting form to adapt to the newest fashion and trend. Yet the reimagining of one object into another is infinitely more complex than it is often portrayed. By putting on display the entire process of creating the ‘work-of-art’ within this project; from material purchase and collection, through selection and (re)construction during the performance, then exhibition and auction, ideas of exchange, bartering, gathering, earning and giving were playfully explored. This shifted the focus from finished object to the processes and social interactions that create the 'work-of-art'. JUNK: rubbish to gold aims to foster and develop multilayered networks, challenging and extending jewellery as a discipline, expanding the art jewellery audience and deepening our understanding of the impact of the arts.
The JUNK: rubbish to gold Edition No. 1 performance and installation was held at the School of Jewellery, Birmingham during their 125th anniversary celebrations between the 9th-13th November 2015.
JUNK: rubbish to gold Edition No. 2 was showcased during Munich Jewellery Week at Studio Gabi Green between the 25th-28th of February 2016
Space junk: Behavioural economics and the prioritisation of solutions
No full textThe use and exploration of outer space is, according to the Outer Space Treaty (OST), to be carried out for the benefit and interest of all parties. Outer space is critically important to the defence and national security interests of many nations, none more so than the United States. Over time, a significant space junk problem has emerged. There is growing recognition of this problem and reason to believe that it will only get worse if current activities continue. Space junk presents a threat to the national security interests and economic interests of spacefaring nations. Various solutions are being proposed and developed. This paper presents an economic perspective and, in a particular, a behavioural economics perspective, on the space junk and national security problem. As various potential technological solutions emerge, we are interested in the obstacles that may stand in the way of an optimal prioritisation of the alternatives
junk wood (junk of wood???)
No full textjunk n[PT] But the junks - take a junk about that big, what we call junk wood, for the stool, cut small in junks....YesJ. D. A. WIDDOWSON AUG 1973Used I and SupUsed I and Sup1Not Usedback junk, fore junk, middle junk, billet, junk of a boy, junk-buoy, a cold junkChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 18 Aug 201
A welfare analysis of "junk" information and spam filters
No full textThis paper analyses the equilibrium effects of individual information filters. Information is modelled as advertisements which are distributed across a population of consumers with heterogeneous preferences. An advertisement that provides knowledge about a product with little or no utility for a consumer is considered junk. Filters are characterised by their level of tolerance. The quality of the filter is measured in terms of the share of useful items in the total set of items passing the filter. It is shown that in conditions of decentralised competition, multiple equilibria arise. A social optimum can be achieved by demanding each consumer to reject a certain percentage of advertisements, leaving the choice of what is rejected up to the consumer him/herself.global information society, advertising, junk information, spam filter, Internet regulation
junk
No full textjunk n'a piece, usually a piece of wood'Used I and SupUsed INot Usedback junk, fore junk, middle junk, billet, junk of a boy, junk-buoy, a cold junkChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 18 Aug 201
junk
No full textjunk n...say ye've got a junk o' pure ice, in water 'taint altogether clean;...PRINTED ITEM DNE-cit W.J.KIRWIN AUG 1973 JH AUG 1973Used I and SupUsed I3Used Iback junk, fore junk, middle junk, billet, junk of a boy, junk-buoy, a cold junkChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 18 Aug 201
junk
No full textjunk nI forgot to say," sez the skipper, "on the way home we'd call in to Mike O'Regan's, and he usually gave us a junk to take home with us." "What's a junk?" sez Ned. "Don't get them nowadays," sez the skipper. "A junk was a sheep's head with the neck and liver on it. We'd bring that home and all hands would have a big scoff.PRINTED ITEM DNE-cit G.M.Story, 9/77 JH 9/77Used I and SupUsed I and Sup2Used Iback junk, fore junk, middle junk, billet, junk of a boy, junk-buoy, a cold junkChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 18 Aug 201
junk
No full textjunk nshort, thick-set man we have this tooUsed I and SupUsed I and Sup5Not Usedback junk, fore junk, middle junk, billet, junk of a boy, junk-buoy, a cold junkChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 18 Aug 201
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