558 research outputs found
Notas en torno a la Banca durante la Revolución mexicana, 1907-1932. Antropología. Boletín Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: Empresas y empresarios. Num. 72 Nueva Época (2003) octubre-diciembre
No full textAnaya Merchant, Luis; “La crisis internacional y el sistema bancario mexicano, 1907-1909”, en Secuencia. Revista de Historia y Ciencias sociales, núm. 54, septiembre-diciembre de 2002, pp. 155-185.———; Colapso y reforma. La integración del sistema bancario en el México revolucionario, 1913-1932, México, Miguel Ángel Porrúa-UAZ, 2002.Drake, Paul; Money Doctor; Foreign Debts and Economic Reforms in Latin America from the 1890´s to the Present, Wilmington, Delaware, Jaguar Books on Latinamerica, 1996.Sterrett, Joseph y J. Stanclife Davis, The Fiscal and Economic condition of Mexico. A Report submited to the International Comitte of Bankers on Mexico, Edición privada, 25 de mayo de 1928.Tamagna, Frank; La Banca Central en América Latina, México, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, 1963
Money, politics and a future for the international financial system
No full textIn developing the architecture for a financial system, the challenge is to combine deregulation and safety nets against systemic failure with effective prudential regulation and oversight. The author analyzes three approaches to choosing an adequate regulatory framework for a financial system. a) Those most worried about panic and herd behavior tend to favor relatively extensive controls on financial institutions'activities, including controls on interest rates and on the volume and direction of lending. b) Those most concerned about moral hazard advocate abolishing controls and safety nets, seeing the solution is stronger market discipline and reduced powers and discretion for regulators. c) Mainstream opinion advocates a mix of measures, to both strengthen market discipline and improve regulatory oversight. The approach a county opts for depends on 1) which monetary and exchange rate regime it chooses, 2) whether it is more concerned about moral hazard or about panic and herd behavior, and 3) how the politics of reform shape its solutions. The author suggests a scenario for development of the global financial system over the next two or three decades that assumes that the final outcome will resemble the market solution - not because that is the optimal policy choice but because of how political weakness will interact with advances in settlement technology. In the author's scenario, the world moves toward a monetary system in which fixed exchange rate systems or de facto currency competition limit the power of central banks. This limits options for discretionary and open-ended liquidity support to help deal with systemic financial crises. The costs of inflexible exchange rates are moderated by new types of wage contracts, using units of account that are correlated with the shocks a particular industry or kind of contract faces -- thus maintaining the positive aspects of monetary systems with flexible nominal exchange rates. Mistrust in monetary authorities and the emergence of private settlements lead to a return of asset-backed money as the means of payment. The disciplines on financial systems come to resemble somewhat those of historical"free banking"systems, with financial institutions requiring high levels of equity and payments systems protected only by limited, fully funded safety nets.Banks&Banking Reform,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Financial Intermediation,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management,Financial Intermediation,Financial Economics
Beer, Brats, Cheese, and-- Baseball: The History and Impact of Baseball in Wisconsin
No full textFrom the 1800s baseball became a passion for the citizens of the United States. Wars, recessions and scandals could not bring down what is known as "America's Pastime." However baseball and other professional sports have been getting a bad name since historians and economist have started to look at the correlation between the team and the community. The notion of, "build us a new stadium at the cost of the tax payers or we are taking our team elsewhere" has been a common trend since 1950's. By looking at Appleton and Milwaukee this paper will look at the impacts baseball has on these communities both culturally and economically from 1966 to 2012
Institutional reform and the judiciary : which way forward?
No full textThe author presents some general lessons in institution-building that has relevance for judiciary reform. She emphasizes the value of simplicity in design commensurate with country capacity, the importance of innovation and experimentation, and of economic openness in effective institution-building. The author underscores how the incentives of individuals depend on both the details of institutional design within the judiciary and also some critical institutions external to the judiciary. Finally she argues for the need to ground reform initiatives on a solid empirical and comparative approach. The author illustrates some of these issues by drawing on a recent project conducted by the World Bank and other institutions.Judicial System Reform,Judicial System Reform,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy,Decentralization,Legal Products,Judicial System Reform,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy,Judicial System Reform,Children and Youth,Environmental Economics&Policies
Mind the Gap(s): discourses and discontinuity in digital literacies
No full textMeaning making in new media is rapidly presenting new opportunities and new challenges for those working in formal and informal educational contexts. This article provides an overview of current theory, thinking and commentary in order to map the field of digital literacy and to identify key questions for research and policy development. It identifies some of the discontinuities or gaps that exist between teachers, their students, and what technology can now deliver. Through two case studies the author tells the story of social practices that illustrate everyday digital lives and show how interactions involve a constellation of literacy events. This approach allows him to raise questions about the transfer of such practices into educational contexts and to explore the gaps between informal uses of digital literacy and current classroom literacy routines
Design metrics for evaluating the propulsive efficiency of future ships
No full textThere is an increasing need for the ship design process to take account of environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases and the likely extension of a carbon dioxide charging mechanism to international shipping. These issues, together with the need for economic viability, provide further incentives to improve the efficiency of propulsion of ships. The main components of powering are firstly reviewed. Individual components and other power saving devices are identified which should contribute to improvements in the overall efficiency of propulsion. Suitable design metrics and procedures, taking into account economic and environmental factors, are recommended for the design of future ships
Surgery in Language Learning
No full textA key problem in the learning of phonologies is contending with the interdependence of the mapping and the lexicon. This paper presents an learning algorithm combining an existing procedure for learning restrictive mappings (Biased Constraint Demotion) with inconsistency detection, and illustrates the algorithm using a system of both predictable and lexical stress grammars. The heart of the algorithm's strategy is to respond to the failure of a hypothesis by attempting to modify the mapping first, and only considering modifying the lexicon when altering the mapping proves inadequate. The construction of the mapping via Biased Constraint Demotion involves the accumulation of ranking arguments (winner/loser pairs) which make reference to hypothesized lexical entries. This creates a potential problem when the learner considers altering the lexical entries referred to by the ranking arguments. The proposed algorithm deals with this by altering the list of ranking arguments whenever the lexicon is changed, via a process termed "surgery", so that they accurately reflect the updated lexicon. This process allows the learner to more quickly determine if a proposed change to the lexicon will actually resolve the failure of the preceding hypothesis. Computer simulation results are provided to demonstrate the algorithm's efficiency.The definitive version of this paper was published in WCCFL 22: Proceedings of the 22nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (2003) and is available at http://www.cascadilla.com/wccfl22.htmlTesar, B., Alderete, J., Horwood, Mechant, N., Nishitani, K., & Prince, A. (2003). Surgery in Language Learning. In G. Garding and M.Tsujimura (Eds.), WCCFL 22: Proceedings of the 22nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (pp. 477-490). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press
Performing the author/mother/merchant/wife: moving subject positions in Minna Canth's autobiography
No full textReading autobiography as a performative act enables for the analysis of processes involved in constructing the self. It provides a space for analysing the ways in which gender, nationality, and other social locations of the subject are negotiated. In this article, I read the famous Finnish nineteenth-century playwright and author Minna Canth’s concise autobiography, focusing on various locations of the autobiographical subject in this rather laconic matter-of-fact text. My reading follows current trends in feminist autobiographical theorising as well as feminist politics of reading. I strive to deconstruct the interpretation of autobiographies as dichotomously fixed texts. I suggest a more flexible reading that would take the ambiguities of the genre seriously, such as describing both the public and the private life of the author, constructing the subject of the narrative, both relational and autonomous, in addition to varying stylistically between mere factuality and decorative description. Such a reading takes into account the shifts of the subject positions as well as the styles of narration moving between feminine and masculine, rational and emotional, chronologically organised progress of the plot and a more vague way of organising the narrative according to the inner logic or the unconscious. In analysing the variations of narration, inspired by the theoretical and methodological discussion on intersectionality, I conceptualize autobiography as a site for negotiating and performing various subject positions, thus striving for a non-essential reading of autobiographies.peerReviewe
On the Evolution of (Hateful) Memes by Means of Multimodal Contrastive Learning
No full textThe dissemination of hateful memes online has adverse effects on social media platforms and the real world. Detecting hateful memes is challenging, one of the reasons being the evolutionary nature of memes; new hateful memes can emerge by fusing hateful connotations with other cultural ideas or symbols. In this paper, we propose a framework that leverages multimodal contrastive learning models, in particular OpenAI's CLIP, to identify targets of hateful content and systematically investigate the evolution of hateful memes. We find that semantic regularities exist in CLIP-generated embeddings that describe semantic relationships within the same modality (images) or across modalities (images and text). Leveraging this property, we study how hateful memes are created by combining visual elements from multiple images or fusing textual information with a hateful image. We demonstrate the capabilities of our framework for analyzing the evolution of hateful memes by focusing on antisemitic memes, particularly the Happy Merchant meme. Using our framework on a dataset extracted from 4chan, we find 3.3K variants of the Happy Merchant meme, with some linked to specific countries, persons, or organizations. We envision that our framework can be used to aid human moderators by flagging new variants of hateful memes so that moderators can manually verify them and mitigate the problem of hateful content online.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Organisation & Governanc
Beyond the point of childishness
No full textCharles and Mary Lamb's Tales from Shakespear has offered the first taste of Shakespearean drama to children for nearly two hundred years. Though it has not always been realised, the book has become one of the most influential publications related to the study of Shakespeare. However, academic studies of Lambs' tales are scarce and often inadequate. This thesis is the first extensive and detailed study of Lambs' tales, which also explores their profound influence. It consists of two volumes. In Volume One, I examine the roles of the Lambs as children' s writers; including, how Charles integrated his Romantic criticism into the six tragic tales, and how Mary campaigned for educational reform through her fourteen comic and romantic stories. Moreover, I have identified which editions of Shakespeare' s plays were used by the Lambs as their textual basis. With fresh evidence, I also bridge over many gaps in the publishing history regarding both Lambs' tales and their rival publications. Volume Two is an edition-based annotated bibliography of prose narratives adapted for children from Shakespeare' s plays 1807-1998. The Annotated Bibliography is the most complete documentation on this subject. It covers 42 different versions of Shakespeare stories, and includes, altogether, 304 entries
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