95 research outputs found
Anatomia Vitalis Microcosmi : in qua. Naturae humane proprietates quas homo cum rebus extra se sitis communes habet, tum morborum origines, eorumque legitimus curandi modus breviter & dilucide explicantur / In gratiam tyronum Medicinae Instituta. a Johanne Sophronio Kozak A Prachien Bohemo M.D.
No full text"Réactiver le modèle urbain européen"
No full textThe article is the transcription of the authors' intervention at the international Europan Forum of Innsbruck (2019) - Invited as key note speaker "Grand Temoin". In the article the Europan initiative is framed within the recent history of urban design and urban vision's production in Europe and a cross-analysis of design results of the "productive city" session of Europan is delivered by the author, together with the definition of emerging operative, methodological and theoretical categories that define the specificity of recent creative productions in the French panorama
Glass Sandwich Panel: Exploring the potential of glass sandwich structures for relatively lightweight planar elements with high stiffness and controlled transparency.
No full textTransparency is embraced more and more in contemporary architecture and therefore glass has become one of the most important materials in the building industry. In structural glass applications the elements are dimensioned based on stiffness and strength requirements. This research investigates the potential of glass sandwich structures as a way to create planar elements with a high stiffness to weight ratio and reduce material consumption in structural glazing applications. The design focuses on the replacement of the glass floors of the Acropolis Museum in Athens with an aim to a)reduce material consumption, b)eliminate the supporting substructure and c)propose an optimised design. 7 different core topologies are designed and tested by means of a 4-point bending test in a way to assess the optical quality of such structures, showcase their potential and finally assess which configuration is the most suitable to be used in the aforementioned application. The topology that fulfills the structural and aesthetical requirements is furtherly investigated and its structural behaviour is “deconstructed”. The knowledge acquired through this process is used to optimise structurally and aesthetically the panels of the new glass floors.. Finally, a design toolbox is devised which constists of three phases: a)graphical/analytical calculations (predimensioning), b)Finite Elements Analysis (detailed calculation) and c)Bending Tests (evaluation). In general, this research proves the advantage of glass sandwich structures over laminated glass in stiffnes-dominated designs but also discusses the importance of integrating the process of selective distraction into the design.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technolog
Plauti per uestigia, la auctoritas plautina en la comedia latina medieval: los ejemplos del anónimo Querolus siue Aulularia y de la Aulularia de Vital de Blois
No full textDespite the fact that a large number of his comedies have been lost, and admitting his relative lack of fame in the Middle Ages, Plautus’ auctoritas was still recognized during this age, either explicitly, as in the case of the Querolus, or as a literary ’memory’, for practical purposes restricted to the use of his name, as in the Aulularia by Vitalis Blesensis. The influence of the writer born in Sarsina to be seen in these works is different in degree: whereas the author of the Querolus professes admiration for his Latin predecessor, Vitalis Blesensis, although he recognizes Plautus’ worth, feels himself clearly his superior. What the French cleric does not know, however, is that the author he criticizes is not Plautus himself, but the anonymous writer of the Querolus
Simplification & Visualization of BIM models through Hololens
No full textAugmented Reality (AR) is the technology that superimposes digital generated objects on the physical world. It has the potential to create new products and services,like visualizing future buildings or objects that will decorate a place, which creates new opportunities for applications in both the public and private sector. The architecture and construction fields are particularly interested in investigating this innovative technology to engage stakeholders, such as designers and engineers, in every stage of decision making and to minimize discrepancies between the original design of a building and the final outcome. Portability is one of the greatest advantages of Head-Mounted Display (HMD) AR technologies, but there are limitations regarding the amount of data which can be visualized using the computational power of the current generation of devices. Also, automated methods and approaches that can cope with the intricacy of the models have to be produced and tested to make the usage of augmented reality feasible.Within this thesis, a methodology is developed to isolate each storey of a Building Information Modeling (BIM) model and its exterior envelope. Firstly, the model was converted, from the Revit file format, to the open standard Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which made the file human readable. Only semantic information was used to isolate each storey of the building, while for the extraction of the outer shell geometrical calculations were performed. This extraction took place by sending rays from one side of the model to the other and checking the intersection of the rays with the model.Afterwards, the storeys and the exterior were visualized through an AR device,the Hololens. The Unity platform, which provides many tools for holographic development, was used for the configuration of the scene where the final user will interact with the created models. Scripts in the C# programming language were developed to allow interaction between the user and the holograms. I created a simple and intuitive menu, consisting of 3D buttons to allow the user to visualize only the desired parts of the model. After having visualized the model, the user has the ability to scale and rotate the model using the corresponding buttons. In the same way, when the user stares at an element of the building, this element is high-lighted and by making the tap gesture, he/she can visualize metadata information about this element as text above the model. Finally, spatial perception functionality is provided by virtually placing the model on horizontal planes identified by the device.The proposed methodology was tested in a use case on a sample BIM model, and specifically of the Amsterdam Medical Center. The large size of the file and the high complexity of its geometry made the model a challenging test that made it possible to highlight the limitations and efficiency of the developed approach. Despite the positive results of the process, the accuracy is affected by the computational power of the current generation of hardware. Nevertheless, the clear perception of a construction coupled with the interactions capabilities provide an immersive experience which can actively involve the user with the visualization processGeomatic
ISO 19650 standards in Web GIS for project's information management including GIS & BIM
No full textIn large and complex civil engineering projects, well-managed information enables easier and faster access to the required data when available. In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, professionals and data managers constantly seek to optimize the information management process to better collaborate in projects that include GIS & BIM integrated workflows. The publication of ISO 19650-1:2018 & ISO 19650-2:2018 (ISO 19650-1&2:2018) standards on best practices for information management, including BIM, was recognized as an opportunity to the digital organization of these processes. As a result, main BIM software vendors have started supporting ISO 19650-1&2:2018 in their platforms, and (non)-governmental organizations have started adopting them in their projects. However, the advancement in the field of GIS BIM integration and the tightly integrated workflows drew the attention towards the need for supporting ISO 19650-1&2:2018in Web GIS for web services. I3S web service is an example of an open OGC Community standard that allows the consumption of 3D GIS data and 3D GIS data converted from 3D BIM data in Web GIS. In this thesis, field analysis addresses the challenges and the role of the Web GIS platform in projects information management processes of the Hoogwaterbeschermingprogramma (HWBP) as a case study. Then, literature studies review ISO 19650-1&2:2018 in the context of the HWBP to highlight the need for a Common Data Environment (CDE) in the Web GIS platform to support ISO 19650-1&2:2018. Moreover, the review tackles the CDE components specified in Part-2 of ISO 19650-1&2:2018, such as metadata allocation. Finally, this thesis discussed the implementation of the CDE components for I3S web services in ArcGIS Online as a Web GIS platform. The novel contribution of this thesis is providing a contextual overview of ISO 19650-1&2:2018 standards in the project information management processes that include working with GIS & BIM data. Moreover, using the British national annex (BS EN ISO 19650-1&2), a flowchart was developed for the metadata allocation systems of information container workflows. Furthermore, the reference implementation discussed a variety of options to implement the metadata allocation components in Web GIS. The discussion provided a solution and PoC functionalities of the CDE components for managing I3S web services. The resulting solution on the CDE components can be utilized to configure CDE workflows and technical solutions to enable ISO 19650-1&2:2018 compliant workflowsin Web GIS.Geomatic
CityJSON in combination with MongoDB, PostgreSQL and GraphQL
No full textCityJSON is a JSON-based encoding for a subset of the CityGML data model and an alternative to the CityGML exchange-format. This new encoding reduces the data size and simplifies the usage. These files can be stored in relational and NoSQL databases. Relational and NoSQL databases have integrated JSON. CityJSON has therefore the potential to be stored and perform efficiently in relational and NoSQL databases. The databases are tested as part of a client-server architecture, because JSON is used in web applications and the 3D city models can not entirely be stored on mobile devices. GraphQL is used as the API layer between the database and the client, because it has the ability to optimise the usage of the network. This is necessary for location-based web applications on mobile devices to stay functional. This research attempts based on this use case to answer the following question: How suitable are MongoDB and PostgreSQL for the storage and querying of CityJSON using GraphQL? CityJSON has first been mapped to the relational database PostgreSQL and the NoSQL database MongoDB. CityGML has also been mapped to PostgreSQL with 3DCityDB to clarify the impact of different exchange formats. The databases are after that accessed and queried through GraphQL. The queries are based on the selection process of an AR application. The architecture is tested based on the number of queries between the databases and GraphQL, the request sizes, the response sizes and the retrieval times. The results show that the usage of JSON maps attributes more flexibly than the mapping of 3DCityDB, which can result in less tables and therefore less joins or queries. On the other hand, querying on a JSON attribute might result in higher retrieval times than querying an attribute with a predefined data type, but this is not investigated. Additionally, the usage of JSON makes it possible to store fields with varying data types such as the hierarchy of arrays. A difficulty can be that software such as GraphQL does not support fields with varying data types and is therefore less flexible. The developer has to work around that. In general, there are no real signs yet that MongoDB and PostgreSQL are not suitable for the storage and querying of CityJSON using GraphQL. Possible signs are that the indexing mechanism with the vertices list can not be stored in MongoDB and only to some extent in PostgresQL, but this might not be a problem since the indexes can be resolved to integer or real coordinates. The attribute presentLoDs can not be stored in MongoDB as well, but this might be solved with a small adjustment. The main recommendations of this research are that the SQL/MQL queries should be implemented as efficiently as possible without being connected to GraphQL first. This should be done to understand the performance of the databases and to understand the impact of GraphQL better. Besides this, a more general understanding of the suitability for all use cases could be provided with a framework that tests more types of queries.Geomatic
Design and Experimental Testing of All Glass Sandwich Panels: An Experimental and Numerical Study for the Glass Floors of the Acropolis Museum
No full textThis paper describes the engineering steps taken in order to investigate the potential of glass sandwich elements, made of 2 glass skins separated by a glass core in the form of spacers, as a way to create planar elements with a high stiffness to weight ratio, reducing material consumption in structural glazing applications. The aim is to explore and evaluate the optical quality and the structural performance of those elements. In this research, 7 core topologies are explored in order to define which parameters influence the behaviour of a sandwich structure made completely with glass. From those topologies, one is chosen to be explored further. The said topology is optimised to make the panels more efficient in terms of stiffness and weight reduction. In order to determine the structural behaviour (strength, stiffness, failure modes) of the elements, 4-point bending tests are conducted on 9 specimens in total. Finally, in order to define the aesthetical and structural requirements of such a project, the replacement of the glass floors of the Acropolis Museum in Athens in Greece is used as a case study. The knowledge acquired through this process is used to optimise the panels of the new glass floors taking also into account other parameters related to transparent flooring e.g. optical quality, psychological factors, anti-slip resistance etcStructural Design & Mechanic
A framework for the representation of two versions of a 3D city model in 4D space
No full text3D city models are being increasingly adopted by organisations in order to serve application needs related to urban areas. In order to fulfil the different requirements of various applications, the concept of Level of Detail (LoD) has been incorporated in 3D city models specifications, such as CityGML. Therefore, datasets of different LoDs are being created for the same areas by several organisations for their own use cases. Meanwhile, as time progresses newer versions of existing 3D city models are being created by vendors. Nevertheless, the existing mechanisms for representating multi-LoD data has not been adopted by the users and there has been little effort on the implementation of a mechanism to store multiple revisions of a city model. This results in redundancy of information and the existence of multiple datasets inconsistent with each other. Alternatively, a representation of time or scale as additional dimensions to the three spatial ones has been proposed as a better way to store multiple versions of datasets while retaining information related to the corresponding features between datasets. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework with initial considerations for the implementation of a 4D representation of two states of a 3D city model. This framework defines both the data structure of such an approach, as well as the methodology according to which two existing 3D city models can be compared, associated and stored with their correspondences in 4D. The methodology is defined as six individual steps that have to be undertaken, each with its own individual requirements and goals that have to be challenged. We, also, provide some examples and considerations for the way those steps can be implemented.Urban Data Scienc
Topological Reconstruction of 3D City Models with preservation of semantics
No full text3D city models are becoming increasingly important for applications such as evacuation scenarios and energy consumption estimation. For these applications embedding semantic information on geometry is a key factor. The most popular implementation of modern 3D city models is based on the CityGML data model which describes spatial 3D data using a geometrical representation according to the GML encoding standard. While CityGML supports some basic storage of topological relationships between geometric objects, it fails to offer a true 3D topological representation of the city model. Alternatively, a true topological data structure can be used as an intermediate data model, to enable enforcing certain restrictions and operations that are more efficient for specific applications. In this article, we discuss a method that we have developed for the automatic conversion of CityGML models to a topological structure, while maintaining semantic information that was initially attached to the city objects. Such an approach raises certain challenges, as the geometries are not one-to-one analogous to the topological objects that are needed to represent them. We also provide a few examples that indicate that such a method is not trivial for retaining all information that was initially stored in a city model.Urban Data Scienc
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