24 research outputs found
Effects Of Keratin-Gelatin And Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Gelatin Composite Film On Open Wound Healing In Dogs And Cats
Get PDFWound is a disruption of the normal continuity of the skin surface. A prolonged wound healing time is distressing and expensive. Immediate wound coverage is a cornerstone of wound management. Extensive wounds in the skin can be treated using dressing materials and skin grafts. A full-thickness mesh graft can be applied to cover large skin defects. To accelerate wound healing, the use of biomaterials such as keratin, gelatin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has increased in recent years.
Feathers contain beta keratin as a major component. Keratin as a structural protein that can be processed from poultry feathers and made into value added products, which benefit wounds healing. Gelatin and bFGF are well known for their wound healing properties. Dermal substitutes are very expensive and used routinely in human. However such materials are not available at reasonable cost to treat extensive wounds in animals.Keratin hydrolysates from poultry feathers were prepared by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. Following hydrolysis the supernatant solution was decanted and brought to pH 7.0 using sulfuric acid, then 10% solution of pharmaceutical grade gelatin solution was mixed followed by addition of 1% ethylene glycol and 0.35% glutaraldehyde to the solution and finally cast in polythene trays and dried at 50 0C. bFGF-gelatin composite film was prepared by adding pharmaceutical grade gelatin solution 10 %, 1% ethylene glycol and 0.35% glutaraldehyde to basic fibroblast growth factor (0.015μg/cm2) and casted in polythene trays and dried at 50 0C. The film was soaked for 2 minutes in gentamycin (Dutch farm Veterinary pharmaceuticals, Netherlands) and then applied on wound.
This study was conducted with hypothesis that keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite films are effective wound healing stimulants causing early re-epithelialization and an uncomplicated wound healing favoring early acceptance of the full thickness skin mesh. The objectives of this study was to identify and evaluate wound healing properties of keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite films on open wound and as a feeder layer for early acceptance of full-thickness skin mesh graft in dogs. Following the identification of the better of the two biomaterials, it was used in clinical cases involving 10 cats and two dogs with extensive skin wounds presented to the University Veterinary Hospital University Putra Malaysia. The application of keratin and bFGF on wound healing in experimental dogs and clinical cases in this research was a pilot study undertaken.
Thirty six healthy dogs were used in the study. Under general anaesthesia and aseptic condition, a full-thickness skin wound (approximately 5x 5cm) was created lateral to the right loin region. Eighteen animals were used for open wound groups divided into 3 groups (n = 6) namely Group I (control group), Group II (treated with keratin-gelatin composite film) and Group III (treated with bFGF-gelatin composite film). Another 18 animals were treated with full-thickness skin mesh graft were also divided into 3 Groups (n = 6) namely Group I (control group), Group II (treated with feeder layer of keratin-gelatin composite film), Group III (treated with feeder layer of bFGF-gelatin composite film). Evaluation of the effect of biomaterials on open wound and the full-thickness skin mesh graft was done based on clinical observation, haematological, bacteriological, biochemical and histopathological examinations on Days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 post-operation. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations on the full-thickness skin mesh graft were done on Days 12, 16 and 20 post-operation.
The keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite films could easily be applied on wounds. The composite films were well accepted and tolerated by animals and did not show any adverse reactions. Open wounds treated with keratin-gelatin (Group II) showed a bright red granulation tissue, without malodour and exudates on Day 20 post-operation, when compared to other groups. The percentage of wound epithelialization, wound contraction and total wound healing was significantly higher (P<0.05) in keratin-gelatin (Group II) throughout the trail.
The full-thickness skin mesh graft treated with keratin-gelatin (Group II) as a feeder layer showed an early vascularization of the graft, with epithelialization of the interstices. Acceptance of the graft by Day 12 post-operation was complete with hair growth and normal colour of the skin without any evidence of rejection. The graft acceptance was 90-100% on Day 20 post-operation. In bFGF-gelatin (Group III), all animals showed a dark discolouration of epidermis of the graft without rejection on Days 16 and 20 post-operation. No adverse effects were observed on the hematological values obtained in the treated groups. On bacteriological examination, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated in all animals in open wound groups. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from one animal each in Groups I and II and Proteus spp. from one animal in Group III treated with the full-thickness skin mesh graft. The keratin-gelatin composite film (Group II) favoured tissue DNA, protein and collagen formation, which was essential for wound healing and early acceptance of the full-thickness skin mesh graft. The efficiency of fibroblast formation and angiogenesis was good in the animals treated with keratin-gelatin composite film (Group II) which favoured an early wound healing. In the full-thickness skin mesh graft group, the animals treated with feeder layer of keratin-gelatin composite films, showed normal epidermis thickness on Day 20 post-operation. Keratin-gelatin composite film was effective in clinical cases involving 10 cats and 2 dogs presented at the University Teaching Hospital of Universiti Putra Malaysia.
As per the hypothesis, Keratin-gelatin composite film was an effective wound healing stimulant causing early re-epithelialization and uncomplicated wound healing favoring an early acceptance of the full thickness skin mesh graft. The objective of this study was fulfilled when the use of keratin-gelatin composite film was found to be a better biomaterial when compared to bFGF-gelatin composite film. Keratin-gelatin was effective for wound healing in clinical cases presented at the University Teaching Hospital of Universiti Putra Malaysia. The above findings have a commercial application because keratin from poultry feathers an inexpensive as a skin substitute to stimulate wound healing in animals where the cost of treatment is a major consideration by clients. Further research is needed at different concentrations of keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin incorporated composite film for wound healing in experimental and clinical cases.
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Synthesis and Physicochemical Investigation of THz Material: 4–Ethoxy Benzaldehyde–4'–N'–Methyl Stilbazolium Hexafluorophosphate (EMBSHP)
No full textInternational audienceSingle crystals of organic optic material 4–Ethoxy Benzaldehyde–4'–N'–Methyl Stilbazolium Hexafluorophosphate (EMBSHP) were grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature using acetone – water (3:1) mixed solvent. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X – ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystal structure and lattice parameter. The crystal belongs to the triclinic crystal system. The composition of the crystal was studied by CHN analysis. The presence of functional groups of the title crystal were confirmed from the FTIR spectral studies. The optical transmission range of the grown crystal was measured by UV – Vis – NIR spectral studies. The melting point of the grown crystal was found from DSC analysis. Introduction. Organic NLO materials with excellent optical characteristics such as high sensitivity and short response time have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in optical switching, optical processing, optical computing, optical data storage and terahertz (THZ) technology. Among the numerous organic materials, the well-known and most investigated organic NLO crystal is the stilbazolium salt trans-4-N-(dimethylamino)-N-Methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST). It has very high electro optical (EO) and NLO figures of merit. Among all the other organic THz material, DAST has the largest NLO coefficient, d11 of 540 ± 110 pm/V at ~1540 nm, EO figure of merit r11=47 ± 8 pm/V at ~1535 nm and lower dielectric constant making it suitable for optoelectronic applications [1,2]. The advancement in the field of photonics have increased the demand for new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Especially, molecules exhibiting strong two photon absorption (TPA) are of practical importance in photons applications such as frequency up conversion lasing, three dimensional fluorescence imaging and multi photon microscopy ,eye and sensor protection, optical signal reshaping and stabilizing fast fluctuations of laser power. To expand these utilizing, designing the molecule with large TPA cross section plays a vital role [3]. DAST crystal can generate short THz pulse by optical rectification with a sub-picosecond laser [4, 5], or widely tunable THz waves by different frequency generation (DFG) with a dual wavelength nanosecond laser [6]. In this present study, the tosylate anion of DAST is replaced by Hexafluorophosphate (PF-6) and two methyl group along with nitrogen in the cation is replaced by ethoxy group for achieving the stilbazolium crystal 4-Ethoxy benzaldehyde 4'-N'-methyl stilbazolium Hexafluorophosphate (EMBSHP). The grown crystal has been subjected to single crystal XRD, CHN, FTIR, Optical absorption and thermal analysis
Evaluation of Collagen, Calcium Alginate Protectants on Healing of External Wound on Teat in Cows
No full textANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF POLY HERBAL FORMULATION ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED ACUTE INFLAMMATION IN ALBINO RATS
No full textResidue number system in the VLSI architecture for image processing algorithms — A review
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Spirit of the land : politics, memory, and the sacred in South African land claims
No full textBibliography: leaves 224-242.This thesis examines the role of sacred space in people's attachment to land, analysing the ways in which people create sacred space through labour, ritual, myth, and memory. Three case studies explore the human interpretation of the sacred through the history and politics of land acquisition and dispossession. While providing historical background and legal analysis of forced removals, evictions, and relocations, the thesis calls attention to the role of religion in South African land claims. Although the people in these case studies believe that returning to their original land will materially improve their lives, their main concern is to reconnect with their alienated sacred space. This study explores the changing nature of the sacred and its formulative role in shaping and informing peopIe's identities and memories
Novel inhaled andrographolide for treatment of lung cancer: In vitro assessment
Get PDFAndrographolide is a plant-based compound that showed promising activity against lung cancer. However, the compound's poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its oral administration. Inhaled drug delivery of andrographolide is highly favourable as it delivers active ingredients directly into the affected lungs. In the current study, we compared in vitro aerosol performance, anti-cancer activity and storages stability of two (2) inhalable andrographolide formulations. Formulation 1 was prepared using precipitation and spray drying techniques, while Formulation 2 was prepared via direct spray drying technique. Drug morphology and physicochemical properties were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In vitro aerosol dispersion profile was evaluated using the next-generation impactor (NGI). Formulation 1 consisted of elongated crystals while Formulation 2 was made up of amorphous spherical particles. Both formulations had an inhalable fraction (<5 μm) of more than 40 %, making them suitable for pulmonary drug delivery. The formulations also showed an IC25 of less than 100 μg/mL against the human lung carcinoma cells (A549). Formulation 1 and 2 was stable in a vacuum condition at 30 °C for up to 6 and 3 months, respectively. Novel inhalable andrographolide dry powders were successfully produced with a good aerosol profile, potent anti-cancer activity and adequate storage stability, which deserve further in vivo investigations
Effects of local infiltration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with phonophoresis on wound healing in dogs
Get PDFA total of six dogs with extensive wounds of 5×5 cm2 size and above were taken with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phonophoresis on wound healing in dogs. Autologous PBMCs were isolated freshly on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28th day from blood by using density gradient centrifugation. Obtained PBMC was infiltrated around the wounds. Phonophoresis was done using therapeutic ultrasound massage at 0.5 watts/cm2 for 10 min for all the six animals. Clinical evaluation and wound planimetry was performed during post treatment period. Most affected breed was mongrel and main aetiology was automobile accident. The wounds were mostly located on limbs, neck and abdominal region. PBMC was noticed to be compatible to the tissues. No signs of infection were noticed in the wounds after administration of PBMC, rather healthy granulation tissue-formation, increasing values of wound contraction, epithelization and healing were noticed. PBMC-phonophoresis in wound healing of canines in present study was found to be effective in extensive wounds
Effects of biomaterials keratin-gelatin and basic fibroblast growth factor-gelatin composite film on wound healing in dogs
Get PDFEighteen clinically healthy dogs weighing 10-15 kg body weight were used in this study over a 20-day period.
They were allocated randomly into 3 groups of 6 animals each. After the creation of 5 cm x 5cm open wound, Group
I was control treated with Gentamycin ointment. Groups II and ill were treated with keratin-gelatin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-gelatin composite film respectively. On application, the keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite film were well accepted by the animals without any adverse reaction. On clinical examination, Group II showed bright beefy red color granulation tissue with angiogenesis when compared to Groups I and ill. On bacteriological examination, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Klebsiella species were isolated from all the groups. Mean percentage of epithelialisation, wound contraction and total healing were significantly better in Group II (P<0.05). Keratin is a biocompatible protein which does not interfere with the body's normal immunologic response and therefore it can be used in extensive wounds and also in non healing chronic wounds which need a trigger to stimulate the normal healing process. In extensive wounds when there is lack of autologous tissue, biomaterials like keratin-gelatin may be beneficial and can be used
