1,721,149 research outputs found
Labour by Design: Contributions of David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens
Full text linkThe 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred
Nobel was awarded to David Card "for his empirical contributions to labour
economics" and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens "for their methodological
contributions to the analysis of causal relationships." We survey these
contributions of the three laureates, and discuss how their empirical and
methodological insights transformed the modern practice of applied
microeconomics. By emphasizing research design and formalizing the causal
content of different econometric procedures, the laureates shed new light on
key questions in labour economics and advanced a robust toolkit for empirical
analyses across many fields
Reflections on the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens
Full text linkThe 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”, and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. Lennart B. Ackermans reflects on Card, Angrist, and Imben's work. Ackermans argues, first, that advances in causal methodology from Angrist and Imbens have helped solve the credibility crisis in econometrics and revealed shortcomings in past and present graduate textbooks in econometrics. Second, for the field to develop further, economists must resolve the current disputes surrounding causal frameworks. The article compares the merits of the three frameworks for causal modelling proposed by, respectively, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, and James Heckman
Reflections on the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize Awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens
Full text linkThe 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”, and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. Lennart B. Ackermans reflects on Card, Angrist, and Imben's work.
Ackermans argues, first, that advances in causal methodology from Angrist and Imbens have helped solve the credibility crisis in econometrics and revealed shortcomings in past and present graduate textbooks in econometrics. Second, for the field to develop further, economists must resolve the current disputes surrounding causal frameworks. The article compares the merits of the three frameworks for causal modelling proposed by, respectively, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, and James Heckman
Empirical Revolution Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2021: David Card, Joshua Angrist, Guido Imbens
No full textThe article describes the essence of the quasi-experimental scheme widely used and creatively developed by the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize. In particular, the four most popular methods used within this approach are characterized: regression discontinuity design, propensity score matching, difference-in-differences method, and instrumental variable regression. Subsequently the essence of the so-called “credibility revolution” in economics is presented, which – thanks to David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens – changed the way of conducting contemporary economic research and introduced quasi-experimental methods to the mainstream of econo�metrics. Against this background, the achievements of this year’s laureates have been outlined both in the area of econometric methods and economic knowledge in three areas: education, international migration and the labour market. The article also discusses the limitations of the empirical approach represented by the Nobel Prize winners. The last part presents the profile of Alan Krueger, a long-time associate of this year’s Laureates, who – if he were still alive – would certainly join the group of the economic Nobel Prize winners
IZA Discussion Paper No. 362
Full text linkStandard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in New Evidence on Classroom Computers and Pupil Learning Joshua Angrist Victor Lavy The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent, nonprofit limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) supported by the Deutsche Post AG. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. The current research program deals with (1) mobility and flexibility of labor markets, (2) internationalization of labor markets and European integration, (3) the welfare state and labor markets, (4) labor markets in transition, (5) the future of work, (6) project evaluation and D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character
Protective or Counter-Productive? European Labor Market Institutions and the Effect of Immigrants on EU Natives
Full text linkWe estimate the effect of immigrant flows on native employment in Western Europe, and then ask whether the employment consequences of immigration vary with institutions that affect labor market flexibility. Reduced flexibility may protect natives from immigrant competition in the near term, but our theoretical framework suggests that reduced flexibility is likely to increase the negative impact of immigration on equilibrium employment. In models without interactions, OLS estimates for a panel of European countries in the 1980s and 1990s show small, mostly negative immigration effects. To reduce bias from the possible endogeneity of immigration flows, we use the fact that many immigrants arriving after 1991 were refugees from the Balkan wars. An IV strategy based on variation in the number of immigrants from former Yugoslavia generates larger though mostly insignificant negative estimates. We then estimate models allowing interactions between the employment response to immigration and institutional characteristics including business entry costs. These results, limited to the sample of native men, generally suggest that reduced flexibility increases the negative impact of immigration. Many of the estimated interaction terms are significant, and imply a significant negative effect on employment in countries with restrictive institutions.
Extrapolation and bandwidth choice in the regression discontinuity design
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 150-160).This thesis consists of three methodological contributions to the literature on the regression discontinuity (RD) design. The first two chapters develop approaches to the extrapolation of treatment effects away from the cutoff in RD and use them to study the achievement effects of attending selective public schools, known as exam schools, in Boston. The third chapter develops an adaptive bandwidth choice algorithm for local polynomial regression-based RD estimators. The first chapter develops a latent factor-based approach to RD extrapolation that is then used to estimate effects of exam school attendance for infra-marginal 7th grade applicants. Achievement gains from Boston exam schools are larger for applicants with lower English and Math abilities. I also use the model to predict the effects of introducing either minority or socioeconomic preferences in exam school admissions. Affirmative action has modest average effects on achievement, while increasing the achievement of the applicants who gain access to exam schools as a result. The second chapter, written jointly with Joshua Angrist, develops a covariate-based approach to RD extrapolation that is then used to estimate effects of exam school attendance for infra-marginal 9th grade applicants. The estimates suggest that the causal effects of exam school attendance for applicants with running variable values well away from admissions cutoffs differ little from those for applicants with values that put them on the margin of acceptance. The third chapter develops an adaptive bandwidth choice algorithm for local polynomial regression-based RD estimators. The algorithm allows for different choices for the order of polynomial and kernel function. In addition, the algorithm automatically takes into account the inclusion of additional covariates as well as alternative assumptions on the variance-covariance structure of the error terms. I show that the algorithm produces a consistent estimator of the asymptotically optimal bandwidth and that the resulting regression discontinuity estimator satisfies the asymptotic optimality criterion of Li (1987). Finally, I provide Monte Carlo evidence suggesting that the proposed algorithm also performs well in finite samples.by Miikka Rokkanen.Ph. D
Estimating Marginal Treatment Effects in Heterogeneous Populations
Full text linkgenerous help in obtaining and using the data. Comments from Joshua Angrist, Jame
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES A REVIEW OF ESTIMATES OF THE SCHOOLING/EARNINGS RELATIONSHIP, WITH TESTS FOR PUBLICATION BIAS
No full textThere are a number of persons to thank for commenting on early drafts of this paper including Joshua Angrist
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