65 research outputs found
Combating viral mosaic disease of cassava in the Lake Zone of Tanzania by intercropping with legumes
No full textCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production is constrained by many factors, including the viral cassava mosaic disease (CMD). This study was conducted to explore the potential of intercropping cassava with legumes to reduce CMD effects on cassava production. Local (Lyongo Kwimba) and improved (Suma) cassava varieties were intercropped with three types of grain legumes (groundnut, Arachis hypogea L. var. Upendo; cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. var. Vuli; and green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. Imara). Monocrops of cassava with and without NPK fertilizer were included as controls. The experiment was established using a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split-plot arrangement for three seasons. Cassava varieties intercropped with cowpeas, green gram, and groundnuts and cassava monocrops with and without NPK fertilizer constituted the main plot and sub-plots, respectively. Whitefly population counts and CMD severity and incidence were measured at regular intervals. Cropping system had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on whitefly populations and CMD severity. Small whitefly populations (0–7.5 individuals per leaf) and low CMD severity (1–2.4 on a 5-point scale) were recorded in improved and local cassava varieties intercropped with green gram. The local cassava variety intercropped with green gram showed low CMD incidences (0%–40%) in all seasons. Generally, growing cassava with green gram proved effective in reducing whitefly populations and CMD incidence and severity. Intercropping cassava with grain legumes may improve cassava production and food security in CMD-prone areas of the Lake Zone of Tanzania and areas with similar environments
Unusual intrauterine retained fetal skeletal bony fragments: A case report and review of the literature
No full textAbstract An unusual finding in hysterectomy specimen. Associated with a history of abortion. Etiology remains unclear. Clinically it presents with infertility, chronic pelvic pain, menorrhagia, and vaginal discharge. Treatment is by hysterescopic excision
Helminthiasis and Malaria falciparum parasitisation among anemic women attending primary public health centers in Dar es Salaam (n = 145).
No full textHelminthiasis and Malaria falciparum parasitisation among anemic women attending primary public health centers in Dar es Salaam (n = 145).</p
Relationship between anemia and obstetric characteristics of women who attended Reproductive and Child Health clinics at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health Centers (N = 424).
No full textRelationship between anemia and obstetric characteristics of women who attended Reproductive and Child Health clinics at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health Centers (N = 424).</p
Relationship between utilization of Interventions for prevention of anemia during pregnancy and postpartum period at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health care facilities (N = 424).
No full textRelationship between utilization of Interventions for prevention of anemia during pregnancy and postpartum period at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health care facilities (N = 424).</p
Multivariate regression analysis in relation to post-partum anemia among post-partum women.
No full textMultivariate regression analysis in relation to post-partum anemia among post-partum women.</p
Relationship between post-partum anemia and socio-demographic characteristics of women attending Reproductive and Child Health clinics at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health Centers (N = 424).
No full textRelationship between post-partum anemia and socio-demographic characteristics of women attending Reproductive and Child Health clinics at Mnazi Mmoja, Kigamboni and Magomeni Health Centers (N = 424).</p
Anonymized dataset underlying the results in this study can be found at Open Science Framework with Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NXJ9S.
No full text(SAV)</p
Technical Efficiency in Rice Production Among Smallholder Farmers in Central Liberia: A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis
No full textDemand for rice remains high in Liberia with low farm-level productivity (1.2 t/ha). The ability of smallholder rice farmers to improve output levels and attain sustainable production depends on efficient farm practices, hence technical efficiency. A stochastic frontier production function was applied to examine the technical efficiency of rice production. A two stage random sampling with stratification was used to collect data from 400 rice farmers in Bein Garr and Panta Districts, Central Liberia. The study has revealed that technical efficiency among farmers range from 14% to 88%, with the mean of 55%; indicating that on average, the actual output can be increased by 45% in the study area with the available technology and resources. The determinants explaining efficiency variation in the study area were education, farming experience, household size, credit access, group membership and the type of seed used. The study recommends policies that target on increasing and improving farmers’ access to credit so as to enable the farmers get the needed production inputs such as improved seeds and fertilizer on time. Furthermore, farmers should be encouraged to organize themselves into associations/cooperatives around major rice producing and processing hubs. Keywords: smallholder farmers, rice, technical efficiency, stochastic frontier, Liberi
Maternal outcome in multiple versus singleton pregnancies in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based case control study
No full textObjective: To compare maternal outcome of multiple versus singleton pregnancies at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Methods: A case control study was designed using maternally linked data from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) medical birth registry for the period of 2000–2010. A total of 822 multiple gestations (cases) were matched with 822 singletons (controls) with respect to maternal age at delivery and parity. The odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse maternal outcome between singleton and multiple gestations were computed in a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: Of the 33 997 births, there were 822 (2.1%) multiples. Compared with singletons, women with multiple gestations had increased risk for preeclampsia (OR 2.6; 95%CI: 1.7–3.9), preterm labour (OR 5.6; 95%CI: 4.2–7.4), antepartum haemorrhage (OR 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.3), anaemia (OR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.6–2.6) and caesarean section (OR 1.5; 95%CI: 1.4–1.7). In addition, there were six maternal deaths among women with multiple gestations, of which all were attributed to postpartum haemorrhage. This accounted for a case fatality rate of 15.8%.
Conclusions: Multiple gestations are associated with adverse maternal outcomes. Close follow-up and timely interventions may help to prevent poor outcomes related to multiple gestations. These findings suggest the needs for clinicians to counsel women with multiple gestations during prenatal care regarding the potential risks
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