17 research outputs found
Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence in Tanzania: Evidence from the National Demographic and Health Survey
Get PDFThe prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against ever married women in Tanzania remains high. This has an implication on development at both micro and macro level given the resulting socio-economic costs relating to IPV. It is for this reason that the present study intended to examine determinants of IPV among married women in Tanzania. Determinants are estimated by analysing the 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) data using logistic regression. Results show that risk factors which are positively associating with IPV include male partner alcohol abuse, history of domestic violence in childhood, years in marriage, polygamy marriage and household size. Meanwhile, deterrent factors comprise of the age of married women and male partner’s education. Furthermore, results indicate varied determinants of different forms of IPV across different zone in Tanzania. It is against this backdrop that we recommend for policies that ensure both women and men have equal access to quality education; amendments of relevant laws as well as raising IPV awareness using zone-specific determinants to discourage cultural norms that condone IPV
Enhancing rural livelihoods in Tanza-nia : A small-holder farmers’ perspective
No full textPoverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers’ livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers’ needs are to be met. We note, however, that government’s allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.</jats:p
Household Socioeconomic Status and Health Care Demand for Childhood Fever and Diarrhea in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study uses 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) data to estimate determinants of treatment seeking for childhood illness and the choice of health provider by employing logistic and multinomial probit model, respectively. Our empirical results from Binary logistic regression results show that treatment seeking for childhood illness is significantly related with mother’s occupation, household wealth status, distance to the health facilities, child’s age and place of residence. On the other hand, multinomial probit model results show that the choice of health provider is significantly related with mother’s occupation and access to mass media, household health insurance, household wealth status, and distance to the health facilities. Our results from both logistic and multinomial probit estimations are robust to alternative models’ specifications. In terms of policy implication, this study strongly recommends promotion of health insurance as well as creation of awareness on maternal and reproductive health to mothers. Moreover, the government should enhance, strengthen and ensure that health facilities are constructed close to households’ domicile and that these health facilities are provided with adequate services
The Impact of Cash Transfers on Women's Empowerment: The Case of the Tanzania Social Action Fund
No full textExplaining the rise of economic and rural-urban inequality in clean cooking fuel use in Tanzania
No full textDespite the high rate of economic growth and electrification in the last two decades in Tanzania, only 6.9 % of the nation's households have access to clean cooking fuel technology which is concentrated among the rich urban households. Analysing data from two waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey (2014/15 and 2020/21), we estimate the economic and rural-urban inequalities in the use of clean cooking fuel. Using the concentration curve, Erreygers concentration index and non-linear Fairlie decomposition, we find an increase in economic inequality and rural-urban inequality in the use of clean cooking fuel. Based on our analysis, factors such as the household head's education, household economic status and household connection to electricity contribute to the rural-urban inequality in the use of clean cooking fuel. Policy changes are vital for ensuring both rural and urban households have equitable access to education, electricity connection and household economic status to address inequality in the use of clean cooking fuel
Socioeconomic Inequality in Maternal Healthcare Services: The Case of Tanzania
Get PDFLow utilisation of maternal healthcare among women in developing countries increases the health risk of the child and mother during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. It is in this context that this study intends to assess socioeconomic inequalities in maternal healthcare utilisation in Tanzania using the 2004/05, 2010, and 2015/16 Demographic and Health Survey. We first use the Concentration index to measure the presence of inequalities. Thereafter, we execute decomposition analysis to examine contributing factors of inequality in maternal healthcare utilization. Results from the Concentration index indicate that there is pro-rich inequality in maternal health utilisation and has increased over time. Meanwhile, the decomposition analysis reveals that household wealth status and women's education level contribute to the observed inequality. This could be due to the long distance to the health facilities, inadequate capacity of health facilities, and sociocultural barriers. We thus recommend that maternal healthcare in Tanzania should target the less privileged pregnant women to redress the inequality problem and ultimately alleviate maternal and child death rates in Tanzania
Trust, conspiracy theory, and COVID-19 vaccination intention in Kazakhstan
No full textThis study examined the association between trust, conspiracy thinking, and COVID-19 vaccination intention in Kazakhstan using representative cross-sectional data from 1,035 respondents. Our descriptive findings revealed that approximately 71% of the respondents had COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, the findings indicated that trust in the health sector (OR = 0.611, p < 0.01) and sources of information about COVID-19 (OR = 0.565, p < 0.01), and the use of antibiotics (OR = 0.913, p < 0.1) were associated with lower vaccine hesitancy. However, conspiracy thinking is associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (OR = 1.155, p < 0.01). The associations between these variables and vaccine hesitancy remained robust across alternative model specifications. These results provide insights that it is important for the government, through institutions, to enhance people’s trust in information and the ability of the government to deal with pandemic issues, such as COVID-19. In addition, due to traditional beliefs and high conspiracy thinking among the people of Kazakhstan, there is a need to transform the people of Kazakhstan’s mindset and ensure transparency and accountability for the government to gain trust
Data_Sheet_2_Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature.docx
No full textBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on maternal and child services and adversely influenced pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsThe review was reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A primary search of electronic databases was performed using a combination of search terms related to the following areas of interest: “impact’ AND ‘COVID-19’ AND ‘maternal and child health services’ AND ‘low- and middle-income countries. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse and integrate the results.ResultsOverall, 45 unique studies conducted across 28 low- and middle-income countries met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings suggest the number of family planning visits, antenatal and postnatal care visits, consultations for sick children, paediatric emergency visits and child immunisation levels decreased compared to the pre-pandemic levels in the majority of included studies. An analytical framework including four main categories was developed based on the concepts that emerged from included studies: the anxiety of not knowing (1), overwhelmed healthcare systems (2), challenges perceived by healthcare professionals (3) and difficulties perceived by service users (4).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family planning services, antenatal and postnatal care coverage, and emergency and routine child services. Generalised conclusions are tentative due to the heterogeneity and inconsistent quality of the included studies. Future research is recommended to define the pandemic’s impact on women and children worldwide and prepare healthcare systems for future resurgences of COVID-19 and potential challenges beyond.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021285178).</p
Data_Sheet_3_Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature.pdf
No full textBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on maternal and child services and adversely influenced pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to and delivery of maternal and child healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries.MethodsThe review was reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A primary search of electronic databases was performed using a combination of search terms related to the following areas of interest: “impact’ AND ‘COVID-19’ AND ‘maternal and child health services’ AND ‘low- and middle-income countries. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse and integrate the results.ResultsOverall, 45 unique studies conducted across 28 low- and middle-income countries met the inclusion criteria for the review. The findings suggest the number of family planning visits, antenatal and postnatal care visits, consultations for sick children, paediatric emergency visits and child immunisation levels decreased compared to the pre-pandemic levels in the majority of included studies. An analytical framework including four main categories was developed based on the concepts that emerged from included studies: the anxiety of not knowing (1), overwhelmed healthcare systems (2), challenges perceived by healthcare professionals (3) and difficulties perceived by service users (4).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family planning services, antenatal and postnatal care coverage, and emergency and routine child services. Generalised conclusions are tentative due to the heterogeneity and inconsistent quality of the included studies. Future research is recommended to define the pandemic’s impact on women and children worldwide and prepare healthcare systems for future resurgences of COVID-19 and potential challenges beyond.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021285178).</p
