23,472 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
[Letter from Clarence Mitchell to Barbara Jordan - October 12, 1973]
No full textLetter from Clarence Mitchell to Barbara Jordan discussing receiving the Adam Clayton Powell Award
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
Networks of female entrepreneurs in technology-based firms in Jordan: structure, content and evolution
No full textFemale entrepreneurs establishing new firms in Jordan mostly do not have adequate
internal resources to help support the successful emergence and growth of their
enterprise. Agreement has emerged among scholars that network ties are an effective
source or route through which entrepreneurs are able to reach and obtain the resources
necessary to assist their firm through its various stages development.
Understanding more about how Jordanian female entrepreneurs engage in networking
in order to establish and grow their firms, might help inform policy intervention as
well as inform theory by identifying the model of network development in a field
where there is a lack of studies and literature that explores the networking behaviour
of female entrepreneurs, particularly in Eastern societies. Thus, this research
investigates the development of networks for resource acquisition by exploring the
experiences of female entrepreneurs in 14 technology-based firms in Jordan. It
explores the structural characteristics and the content of their networks and how they
have developed over time to deliver advantage in resource acquisition during the
venture formation and early development stages. Rich qualitative data were collected
utilising a two-stage, in-depth interview approach.
Evidence is presented as to how changes in aspects of network structure, including
diversity, reachability, density, centrality and the presence of strong and weak ties,
yield different types of resources available to the entrepreneurs. The network structure
of female entrepreneurs at start-up was characterised by business ties established
within male-dominated networks. There was evidence of these women building new
strong ties and reaching out through a small number of indirect ties. Typically there
was a high degree of interconnectedness between different parts of the women’s
networks, which were characterised by their density. These structural characteristics
of the network enabled these women to reach and obtain human capital, financial
resources and achieve legitimacy.
As the female entrepreneurs grew their businesses there were changes in the network
structure as it became characterised by a higher level of diversity in terms of types of
tie. The prominence of male-dominated network ties continued, but there was a
growing presence of weak ties; a decline in the level of network density; and the
appearance of centrality, where women started to act as a broker between two other
actors in their networks. These changes saw the women benefitting mainly in building
network ties, including gaining access to new contacts of different types.
The research revealed that professional business ties and access through these ties play
an important role in venture creation and growth. These business ties are used to act
as the gateway to resources rather than the personal ties identified in previous research.
Further, in support of network-based research suggesting that the entrepreneurs’
network ties and their structural characteristics change overtime as the resource needs
change, this research provides empirical evidence of the changing content (resources)
that these structural characteristics provide through the start-up and early development
stages. Therefore, the findings of this exploratory research on female technology
entrepreneurs in Jordan contribute to theory development at the intersection of work
on network processes, network development and entrepreneurship in Middle Eastern
societies. The findings also have a number of implications for policy and practice,
which are considered in the conclusions to the thesis
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT IN JORDAN
No full textSchiff, Adam; Schmidt, Nicholas; Troncoso, Javi. (2015). ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT IN JORDAN. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/172490
King Hussein of Jordan talks about peace talks between Jordan and Israel
No full textKing Hussein of Jordan talks to reporter Liz Donnelly on the eve of the peace talks between Jordan and Israel. Robert MacNeil hosts a discussion on the upcoming peace talks with Geoffery Kemp, Trudy Rubin, and Alan Garfinkel
Jordan’s Accession to the WTO: Retrospective and Prospective
No full textJordan acceded to the WTO in 1999. In its accession Jordan agreed, for example, to reduce tariffs on imported products and open its services market; it also modified its intellectual property regime. Jordan enjoyed special and differential treatment in few areas and was not able to designate olive oil as a good eligible for special safeguards. The WTO agreements required fundamental changes in the domestic laws and regulations of Jordan. The article concludes by arguing that Jordan's accession to the WTO was a lengthy and costly process. Jordan agreed to an arduous package of legal and economic reforms. Given that Jordan agreed to greater commitments compared to the obligations of the original WTO members, the multilateral trading system witnessed an accession saga.accession, free trade, intellectual property, Jordan, market access, WTO, Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade, Political Economy,
Adam Smith and Roman Servitudes
No full textThis essay is a preprint of an article that appeared at: Tijdschrift voor Rechstsgeschiedenis, 72 (2004), 327–57.This essay discusses Adam Smith historical jurisprudence and his use of Roman law materials in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It argues that Smith found it difficult to maintain his theory of legal development in the face of a highly developed body of Roman law literature
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