20,176 research outputs found
Writing from the shadowlands: how cross-cultural literature negotiates the legacy of Edward Said
No full textThis thesis examines the impact of Edward Said's influential work Orientalism and its legacy in respect of contemporary reading and writing across cultures. It also questions the legitimacy of Said's retrospective stereotyping of early examples of cross-cultural representation in literature as uncompromisingly 'orientalist'.
It is well known that the release of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978 was responsible for the rise of a range of cultural and critical theories from multiculturalism to postcolonialism. It was a study that not only polarized critics and forced scholars to re-examine orientalist archives, but persuaded creative writers to re-think their ethnographic positions when it came to the literary representations of cultures other than their own. Without detracting from the enormous impact of Said, this thesis isolates gaps and silences in Said that need correcting. Furthermore, there is an element of intransigence, an uncompromising refusal to fine-tune what is essentially a binary discourse of the West and its other in Said's work, that encourages the continued interrogation of power relations but which, because of its very boldness, paradoxically disallows the extent to which the conflict of cultures indeed produced new, hybrid social and cultural formations.
In an attempt to challenge the severity of Said's claim that 'every European, in what he could say about the Orient, was consequently a racist, an imperialist, and almost totally ethnocentric', the thesis examines a number of different discursive contexts in which such a presumption is challenged. Thus while the second chapter discusses the 'traditional' profession-based orientalism of nineteenth-century E. G. Browne, the third considers the anti-imperialism of colonial administrator Leonard Woolf. The fourth chapter provides a reflection on the difficulties of diasporic 'orientalism' through the works of Michael Ondaatje while chapter five demonstrates the effects of the dialogism used by Amitav Ghosh as a defence against 'orientalism'. The thesis concludes with an examination of contemporary writing by Andrea Levy that appositely illustrates the legacy of Said's influence.
While the restrictive parameters of Said's work make it difficult to mount a thorough-going critique of Said, this thesis shows that, indeed, it is within the restraints of these parameters and in the very discourse that Said employs that he traps himself. This study claims that even Said is susceptible to 'orientalist' criticism in that he is as much an 'orientalist' as those at whom he directs his polemic
What said the economic theory about Portugal. Another approach
No full textWith this work we try to analyse the agglomeration process in the Portuguese regions, using the New Economic Geography models. This work aims to test, also, the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the 28 NUTS III Portuguese in the period 1995 to 1999. It is intended to test the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975). With this study we want, also, to test the Verdoorn´s Law at a regional and a sectoral levels (NUTs II) for the period 1995-1999. The importance of some additional variables in the original specification of Verdoorn´s Law is yet tested, such as, trade flows, capital accumulation and labour concentration. This study analyses, also, through cross-section estimation methods, the influence of spatial effects in productivity in the NUTs III economic sectors of mainland Portugal from 1995 to 1999, considering the Verdoorn relationship. The aim of this paper is, yet, to present a contribution, with panel data, to the analysis of absolute convergence and conditional of the sectoral productivity at regional level (from 1995 to 1999). The structural variables used in the analysis of conditional convergence is the ratio of capital/output, the flow of goods/output and location ratio.new economic geography; Verdoorn law; convergence; cross-section and panel data; Portuguese regions
Safety assessment of malaria vaccines in african populations: exemplified by the assessment of PfSPZ based vaccines in Tanzania and equatorial Guinea
No full textMalaria is a major global health problem, with persistent public health challenges especially in sub-Saharan Africa. An upswing in malaria clinical cases is reported by the WHO from 214,200,000 in 2015 to 219,000,000 in 2017. The latest WHO’s World malaria report, has estimated 627,000 malaria deaths worldwide in 2020 representing about 69,000 more deaths in 2020 compared to 2019 (WHO, 2021). Although, disruptions in the provision of malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment during the Covic-19 pandemic were linked with approximately two thirds of these additional deaths, evidence exists which suggest an existing real threat to the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control and antimalarial drugs due to developing resistance towards these tools (Namias et al., 2021; Vaulin et al., 2019). Apparently, if the goal of malaria elimination is to be achieved interventions that can prevent infection and thereby block transmission are needed. Integration of malaria interventions with immunization, complements Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS), an agenda created by the WHO and UNICEF (Lindstrand et al., 2021; WHO, 2020). The WHO rainbow tables outline several malaria vaccine candidates at different clinical development stages including; Pre-erythrocytic stage projects (eg. RTS,S-A01, PfSPZ Vaccine etc), blood stage projects (eg. P27A Vaccine etc), other projects (eg. PfSPZ-CVac (PfSPZ Challenge + chloroquine)) most of which have been or are being tested across different countries including malaria endemic regions in Africa. Complexities of conducting field trials have been the center of discussion since the early periods of searching for malaria vaccine on proper safety assessment involving areas where the prevalence, importance and epidemiology of malaria is known (Liheluka et al., 2013; McGregor, 1979; Powell, 1979). Over years, research institutions in Africa have developed capacity and are now able to conduct good clinical (GCP) and laboratory practices (GLP) compliant clinical trials and such interest is growing. This important milestone will help to accelerate clinical development programs of several vaccine candidates and other investigational products of public health importance in endemic countries. As a matter to assess, build and strengthen the capacity of different sites to implement these trials, early trials were designed to reproduce the results obtained in Europe and America with minor modification of protocols and standard operating procedures (SOPs) to fit the situation. The need to achieve optimal safety assessment, proper interpretation and reporting, for local investigators, cannot be overstated. The broader concept of safety assessment must be understood as, the process beyond mere assessment of findings from the individual parameters following exposure to IMP, but rather as, the process of safety assessment that is adequate for; relevant participant selection, safe administration of IMP, proper safety follow-up, compliance to safety reporting to local regulatory authorities and relevant final clinical safety report. Interpretation of safety findings in reference to the socio-cultural and baseline epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the local population being assessed has potential to provide fundamental bridge between the intervention being assessed and the local healthcare system, enabling proper use of resources as well as the relevant and timely key policy decisions to be made. Known epidemiological characterization among different African populations may provide an indication that, these communities are similar and with further exploration, procedures may be optimized and synchronized at a level that allows operational shift from the so called African sites to African research centers.
Methods and findings
In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 4), the aim was to generate the safety and tolerability profiles of PfSPZ based malaria vaccine candidates namely PfSPZ Vaccine and PfSPZ-cVac in malaria endemic African population, targeting to develop and implement a vaccine that can be used as additional tool for malaria intervention and possibly elimination, that is well tolerated and safe. As a toolkit for malaria control in Africa, the PfSPZ vaccines are designed to prevent infection. We worked on assessing safety of PfSPZ vaccine candidates by conducting a series of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials in two African countries (Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea) through the program built on strong South-South / North-South collaboration platform. We designed and conducted the clinical trial protocols covering spectrum of age groups ranging from adults (with and without HIV infection) to the target pediatric population of healthy adolescents, children and infants. The clinical development plan that we pursued focused on addressing safety concerns related to PfSPZ vaccines, including; (i) feasibility of administration via direct venous inoculation (DVI) across age groups; (ii) possibility of breakthrough malaria infections due to inadequate attenuation; (iii) possibility of significant local side effects at the injection site that sporozoites may contribute; (iv) possibility of significant systemic reactogenicity caused by PfSPZ Vaccine; (v) possibility of effects on the rates of AEs related to geographical locations among African population, age or dose; (vi) possibility of significant increase in AEs with repeated dosing; (vii) possibility that the accelerated vaccination schedule regimens of PfSPZ Vaccine are significantly intolerable. Through this work, we performed; The first demonstration of PfSPZ Vaccine efficacy against PfSPZ Challenge in healthy adults population (PAPER I); the first demonstration of safety and tolerability of PfSPZ Vaccine in infants and children along with demonstration of the safety and exploration of efficacy of Sanaria’s PfSPZ vaccine using PfSPZ-CHMI in African adults (Paper II and Paper III); the demonstration of safety and tolerability of Sanaria’s chemo-attenuated vaccine (PfSPZ-CVac) in Equatorial Guinea (Paper IV); the first demonstration of safety and tolerability of PfSPZ Vaccine and exploration of efficacy of Sanaria’s PfSPZ vaccine using PfSPZ-CHMI in individuals living with HIV (Paper V); the demonstration of safety and tolerability of accelerated vaccination regimens of PfSPZ Vaccine and down-selection of optimal regimen for pivotal trials in Africa (Paper VI). A meta-analysis of AE data for adults and children using forest plots of total solicited AEs in vaccinees and placebos in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials analyzed to date has shown in all cases, 95% confidence intervals cross a ratio of 1, indicating no differences between vaccinees and controls.
In the second part of this thesis (Chapter 5), the aim was to optimize recruitment and enrolment process through better understanding of the social-cultural, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the local population. Due to factors ranging from social-cultural to the local clinical research implementation and regulation systems, synchronization of recruitment and enrolment strategies with the local population characteristics, will potentially contribute to the successful clinical development plan for interventions. Fundamental to such success are the components such as, proper use of resources, better alignment; to the daily social-cultural activities and the local healthcare systems, timely recruitment, preparation of the risk mitigation plans relevant to the communities being assessed, reliable interpretation of safety results and precision in estimating risk benefit ratio of the intervention to the local community. In these regards, we designed and conducted pilot epidemiological assessments within study areas located in eastern and western parts of Africa, (Bagamoyo, Tanzania) and (Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea) respectively. The pilot assessments were implemented through separate protocols linked to the processes in main trial protocols on community engagement and sensitization to ensure that, all members of the target population including infants and children, plus HIV positive individuals are able to participate in GCP compliant clinical research in Africa. Through these activities, we formulated a simple and yet very effective categorization of recruitment and screening criteria across the protocols being; (1) criteria assessing GCP compliance; (2) criteria assessing protocol compliance; (3) clinical criteria assessing health status and (4) laboratory criteria assessing health status. By applying this seemingly simple categorization of criteria we piloted relevant allocation of limited resources between community-based and clinic-based recruitment and screening processes. Over 6,000 people were screened with subsequent registration of potential participants for future clinical trials (Paper VII).
In the third part of this thesis (Chapter 6), the aim was to optimize the processes for safety assessment, interpretation and reporting of results through the application of locally relevant toxicity grading tools in reference to the standard toxicity grading systems adopted to the local clinical and laboratory population parameters. Reporting requirements to the local regulatory authorities’ entail expedited reporting for certain AE grades following IP administration. It is critical that, sponsors and investigators adhere to such requirements for compliance and that the local use of standard toxicity grading systems recommended by the US-FDA, CTCAE and other relevant systems must be properly adopted and hence, optimized to enable proper clinical care for participants and to avoid over- or under-reporting of important safety observations. US-FDA recommends for the local reference values to be considered when the parameter limit values are defined in the guidance or some cases may even require the exercise of clinical judgment. The main reason for this is, such reference systems were developed primarily using data collected from certain population, and therefore are only practically relevant if directly used to the population with similar characteristics. Even for population from the same geographical locations, ethnic differences may require proper adjustments to be made. To achieve this optimization, we applied the methodology stipulated by the CLSI for analysis of reference intervals based on local clinical and laboratory data to and developed a listing of clinical and laboratory reference intervals applicable for local populations which were then integrated to the known standard toxicity grading systems (USFDA, CTCAE ect) to develop locally relevant toxicity grading scales. Site based, QA-controlled manual of reference intervals and toxicity grading was developed for the local population and has since been used for standardized interpretation and reporting of results during safety assessments at screening, enrolment and follow-up.
Conclusion
Evaluation of potential relevant health interventions tailored to collaborations involving South-South / North-South partnerships linking multiple sites in Africa, is the peculiar platform to demonstrate and promote the potential reproducibility of processes and results, with reasonable justification for their application across sites. Through such a platform, standardizations that we made on the optimization-approaches for enrolment practices and for interpretation of results and assessment of abnormal clinical and laboratory parameters, played essential role enabling reproducibility of procedures across sites. Fundamental to the benefit of such standardizations, is the potentially reasonable justification for application of results from evaluations across sites. In the scope of this thesis, the assessments that we performed, provided results indicating that, the safety profile of malaria vaccine candidates is determined by the product itself rather than the type of African population in which it is tested. Strategic partnerships created an enabling platform for interactions with multiple regulatory authorities, ethical committees and IRBs, a critical component reflecting independent reviews for the protocols and reporting of results. With the spectrum of available malaria vaccine candidates including the PfSPZ based, these findings will enable accelerations of clinical development plans not only for clinical trials accessing malaria vaccines but all other related interventions. Our perspective is to maintain the portfolio of activities and skill base that will streamline implementation for subsequent programs of work. In addition, this work has spearheaded the establishment of the clinical research capacity for conduct of regulatory trials in Equatorial Guinea, with primary support from the Bagamoyo Clinical Trials Facility investigators from Tanzania, and used the clinical trials platform to support several masters and PhD training of colleagues in Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea and from partner institution’s outside Africa. This work is built on the strong South-South and North-South collaborations enabling and strengthening synchronization of procedures among clinical trials conducted in different African communities at a level that will allow operational shift from the so called African research sites to African research centers
What said the new economic geography about Portugal? An alternative approach
No full textWith this work we try to analyse the agglomeration process in Portugal, using the New Economic Geography models, in a linear and in a non linear way. In a non linear way, of referring, as summary conclusion, that with this work the existence of increasing returns to scale and low transport cost, in the Portuguese regions, was proven and, because this, the existence of agglomeration in Portugal. We pretend, also, in a linear way to explain the complementarily of clustering models, associated with the New Economic Geography, and polarization associated with the Keynesian tradition. As a summary conclusion, we can say which the agglomeration process shows some signs of concentration in Lisboa e Vale do Tejo and the productivity factor significantly improves the results that explain the regional clustering in Portugal. The aim of this paper is to analyze, yet, the relationship between the regional industry clustering and the demand for labor by companies in Portugal. Again, the results are consistent with the theoretical developments of the New Economic Geography, namely the demand for labor is greater where transport costs are lower and where there is a strong links "backward and forward" and strong economies of agglomeration.new economic geography; linear and non linear models; Portuguese regions
EXPERIENCES Crossings of Afro-diasporic cultures for the Education of Children in the Jongo Dito Ribeiro Community
No full textEsta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os atravessamentos dos elementos culturais afrodiaspóricos no cotidiano da infância e seus impactos nas construções lúdicas, culturais e intelectuais das crianças na Comunidade Tradicional do Jongo Dito Ribeiro, localizada em Campinas. Situada na área da educação, a investigação dialoga com diversas disciplinas, como história, antropologia e sociologia, para sustentar sua problematização e ampliar as perspectivas de análise. O processo investigativo foi concebido como um exercício de reflexão sobre as interações das crianças com as culturas afrodiaspóricas, considerando não apenas o contexto sociocultural específico do território do Jongo, mas também os reflexos dessas experiências nos outros espaços sociais por elas ocupados. A pesquisa investigou como essas culturas não apenas atravessam a infância, mas também influenciam a maneira como constroem suas identidades, narrativas e formas de agir no mundo. Além disso, foram analisadas as relações e mediações estabelecidas por pessoas adultas no contexto comunitário, especialmente no que se refere ao reconhecimento e apoio à agência infantil na construção das identidades individuais e coletivas. Assim, a pesquisa buscou evidenciar o papel das crianças como agentes culturais e sociais capazes de dialogar e ressignificar os saberes e práticas das culturas afrodiaspóricas, dando continuidade e renovação a essas tradições em contextos contemporâneos. Aponto assim um panorama teórico de como crianças e culturas afrodiaspóricas têm sido abordadas nas áreas das ciências sociais, buscando identificar lacunas e avanços em processos sobre essa questão. Trato sobre o conceito de Quilombo, principalmente nas vozes de Beatriz Nascimento e Abdias do Nascimento para contextualizar o trabalho de campo e adentrar as trajetórias da metodologia. Apresento, por fim, caminhos do referencial africano e afrodiaspórico brasileiro que dialogam e estruturam essa pesquisa, a partir dos caminhos abertos por Sandra Haydée Petit com o conceito de Pretagogias e o Kindezi do educador e filósofo congolês Kimbwandende Kia Bunseki FuKiau.This research served as a means of analyzing the intersection of Afrodiasporic cultural elements in a child\'s daily life and its impact on how their playful, cultural and intellectual capacities are built in the traditional community of Jongo Dito Ribeiro, located in Campinas. Situated in the educational field, said research dialogues with various disciplines, such as history, anthropology and sociology, to maintain its problematization and broaden the perspectives of analysis. The research process was conceived as an exercise in reflection on the children\'s interactions with Afrodiasporic cultures, considering not only the specific socio-cultural context of the Jongo\'s territory, but also the reflection of these experiences in other social spaces that they subsequently occupy. The research examined how these cultures not only permeate childhood but also influence the ways in which they construct their identities, narratives, and behaviours in relation to the outside world. It also examined the relationships and mediations established by adults in the context of a community, particularly in terms of recognizing and supporting children\'s roles in the formation of individual and collective identities. Thus, the research sought to shed light on the role of children as cultural and social agents capable of dialoguing and reforming the wisdom and practices of Afrodiasporic cultures, giving these traditions continuity and renewal in contemporary contexts. I handle the concept of \"Quilombo\", especially in the voices of Beatriz Nascimento and Abdias do Nascimento, to contextualize the research and venture deeper into the methodology\'s trajectories. I present, finally, the paths of Brazil\'s African and afrodiasporic referential, which dialogues and structures this research, coming from the pathways opened by Sandra Haydée Petit as the concept of \"Pretagogias\" and the Congolese philosopher and educator, Kimbwandende Kia Bunseki FuKiau\'s Kindezi
Nobody Said Not to Go The Life, Loves, and Adventures of Emily Hahn
No full textCover Page -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- I In the Beginning -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- II "First, We'll Take Manhattan" -- 7 -- 8 -- 9 -- III Traveling Light in the Dark Continent -- 10 -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- IV China -- 14 -- 15 -- 16 -- 17 -- 18 -- 19 -- V Hong Kong: Sunset on the Empire -- 20 -- 21 -- 22 -- 23 -- 24 -- 25 -- VI Happily Ever After? -- 26 -- 27 -- 28 -- 29 -- 30 -- 31 -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Copyright PageDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Method for removing a high definition nanostructure, a partly freestanding layer, a sensor comprising said layer and a method using said sensor
No full textThe present invention is in the field of a method for removing a high definition nanostructure in a partly free-standing layer, the layer, a sensor comprising said layer, a use of said sensor, and a method of detecting a species, and optional further characteristics thereof, using said sensor. The sensor and method are suited for detecting single ions, molecules, low concentrations thereof, and identifying sequences of base pairs, e.g. in a DNA-strand.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
What Shall We Do Without Exile? : Said and Darwish Address the Future / ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺳﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ؟ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
No full text[In a contrapuntal reading, this article revisits Edward Said\u27s final speculations on binationalism in the context of Palestine and Israel, suggesting that binationalism may offer a way of undoing the problematic ideology of nationalism. The author sets Said\u27s thoughts on the topic against Mahmoud Darwish\u27s farewell poem to Edward Said (itself, a contrapuntal text). Engaging the question of exile and what it must signify to a people displaced, the author asks what it means to move forward when the historical past is still disputed, focusing specifically on the right of return and its seeming impossibility under the current political conditions in which it is discussed. ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻃﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ، ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺇﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻃﻦ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ ﻭﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ، ﻣﺸﻴﺮﺓﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺜﻴﺮﻫﺎ . ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺼﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ « ﻃﺒﺎﻕ: ﻋﻦ ﺇﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ » ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺎﹰ ﻃﺒﺎﻗﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺈﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ . ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﺮﻳﺎﹰ، ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢﱠ ﺗﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻈﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ، ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻖ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ .
SAID (1947-)
No full textSAID, who goes by this pen name for security reasons, was born in 1947 in Tehran, Iran and went to West Germany as a student in 1965. He has lived in Germany ever since except for a brief return to Iran in 1979. SAID writes in the German language and is a versatile author having written numerous works in a variety of genres including poetry, radio plays, short fiction, essays, satirical and humorous nonfiction, memoir, and children\u27s books. He has been the recipient of numerous literary awards
Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s methodology for da’wah: an overview of certain principles = منهجية بديع الزمان سعيد نورسي للدعوة: نظرة عامة على بعض المبادئ
No full textThis study presents approaches to daᶜwah as adopted and taught by Said Nursi to advance his restoration efforts. It also sheds light on the importance of their application in the present era. The paper reviews two distinct issues: [1] approaches Said Nursi used to confront and resolve social complexities, and [2] daᶜwah praxis in the modern age. The author also discusses complexities and challenges as presented by modern life styles. Special daᶜwah features are described including educational and political efforts as well as the nurturing of Islamic virtue with Nursi’s emphasis on those specific characteristics that inspire Muslim scholars to excel in daᶜwah activities. Nonetheless, it is impossible to thoroughly deliberate Nursi’s approaches and strategies in such a limited space.
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إن هذه الدراسة تقدم الطرق التي تبعها في الدعوة وقام بتعليمها وذلك بغرض المضي قدما في مساعيه وجهوده للإصلاح، وتلقي هذه الدراسة الضوء كذلك على اهمية تطبيق ذلك على الحقبة الحاضرة، قامت الورقة باستعراض قضيتين مختلفتين (1) الوسائل التي استخدمها الإمام سعيد النورسي ليواجه التعقيدات الاجتماعية ومن ثم يجد لها الحلول و (2) تطبيقات الدعوة وتنزيلها في الواقع المعاصر، قام كاتب المقال ايضا بمناقشة التعقيدات والتحيات التي تتمثل من خلال اساليب الحياة المعاصرة، قامت الورقة بوصف مميزات وخصائص خاصة بالدعوة متضمنة الجهود التربوية والتعليمية والسياسية الى جانب تنشية الفضائل الاسلامية مع تركيز النورسي على هذه المميزات المحددة التي تلهم العلماء المسلمين لترقية الانشطة الدعوية، وبالرغم من هذا فانه من المستحيل ان يتتبع الباحث بصورة موسعة وسائل النورسي واستراتيجياته في مثل هذه المساحة المحدو
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