2,614 research outputs found
Lives and limbs : re-membering Robert Jones : a biography
No full textThis is a biography of Robert Jones, 1857-1933. He was a surgeon, and is credited
with bringing orthopaedics from its quack past into its scientific present. This work
explores Jones’ life and times, and examines whether he is entitled to the epithet
‘father of orthopaedics’.
It looks at the history of bonesetting, the influences on Jones’ development
and medical training, and some key moments in his career – notably his involvement
in the building of the Manchester Ship Canal, the planning of Heswall Children’s
Hospital, and the Great War. It argues that although there are other medical men
who could have been credited with fathering orthopaedics, he is indeed the father –
at least of orthopaedics in Britain, if not internationally.
This version of Jones’ life begins with something of his biographer’s journey,
before it explores what and who influenced Jones, and in turn what his legacy has
been to the medical profession.
The accompanying Critical Commentary explores whether or not it is possible
to offer a definition of biography as a genre in the light of its history and purpose. It
examines critical views, considers the mythology that grows up around historical
figures, and also explains the rationale for the structure chosen for organising the
material presented in this new biography of Robert Jones, Live and Limbs: Re-membering Robert Jones
The hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr flakes for visible-light-responsive photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange
No full textFlake-like BiOBr semiconductors have been prepared using hydrothermal synthesis with meticulous control of synthesis parameters and used for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. XRD, SEM and UV–vis characterizations have been performed to study the obtained BiOBr materials. The results indicate that the morphology and crystallite size of BiOBr depend significantly on the temperature and duration of the hydrothermal syntheses. Diffuse UV–vis spectra show the BiOBr materials to be indirect semiconductors with an optical bandgap of approximately 2.92 eV, which is essentially unaffected by the synthesis parameters. The hydrothermal-synthesized BiOBr flakes exhibit noticeable activity for photo-degradation of methyl orange under visible light (>400 nm) illumination, with the BiOBr synthesized by hydrothermal treatment at 120 °C for 6 h exhibiting superior photocatalytic performance in these flakes. The excellent activity and photo-stability reveal that BiOBr is a promising visible-light-responsive photocatalyst
Amiota tessae Jones & Grimaldi 2022, sp. nov.
No full textAmiota tessae, sp. nov. Figures 42E–F, 46, 90A DIAGNOSIS: Very large fly (ThL 1.61–1.92 mm), medium brown, grading darker ventrally, abdomen nearly black; similar coloration to A. minor, except characteristic markings of genus present; outer paraphysis long, heavily sclerotized, sinuous in dorsal/ventral, lacking lateral spine, trichoid sensillum on distal end; inner paraphysis short, heavily sclerotized, U-shaped in dorsal/ventral views with lateral hook, inner tips distant (not almost touching as in leucostoma and mcalpinei). DESCRIPTION: Very large fly (ThL 1.61–1.92 mm), medium brown grading darker ventrally, setation black, legs dark yellow; abdomen nearly black; coloration similar to A. minor (Malloch), except characteristic markings of genus present. Frons ochre, matte, with dark brown triangle, relatively broad (FL/FW 0.60–0.76). Cheek yellowish brown on anterior half, yellowish gray on posterior half. Palp yellow. Tergites 1 and 2 lightly colored. Arista: Medium, plumose; longest branch D2; A.R. 0.33; 4 long dorsal branches, 4 shorter ventral branches; aristal trunk with medium-length microtrichia along entire length. Male genitalia: Epandrium stout, with broad ventral lobes; separated dorsomedially, ventral lobe densely setose, lateral portion of epandrium lacking microtrichia. Cercus crescentic, margins distinct from surrounding membrane (not grading), cercus occupies most of space surrounded by epandrium. Surstylus with 12 prensisetae, slightly curved, apices pointed (not round); distal end of surstylus densely hairy. Subepandrial sclerite large, well developed, sclerotized, strongly U-shaped in lateral view; a long, phalluslike subepandrial appendage ventral to epandrium and projecting slightly beyond, distal end of appendage round, surrounded by fine membrane. Outer paraphysis long, slender and linear, heavily sclerotized, slightly sinuous in dorsal/ventral views, tapering to a point, sensillum on distal end; middle with several sensilla pits ventrally. Inner paraphysis short, heavily sclerotized, slightly C-shaped, central groove down middle, distal appendage pointed posterolaterally. Aedeagal apodeme long, bent 90° in lateral view and slightly sinuous; distal end widely flared and deeply concave. Hypandrium narrow, forming wide square, apex slightly notched; lateral arm with gonopod consisting of two lobes of unequal size, dorsalmost larger. Ejaculatory apodeme long, straight, and stout, 3/4 the length of epandrium. Head and thorax measurements: (n = 3; Am 721, 1310, 1311) FL/FW 0.72 (0.60–0.76), EL/EW 1.39 (1.23–1.55), EL/CW 14.94 (11.3– 19.33), FML/FMW 0.34 (0.27–0.38), PR /RR 0.57 (0.54–0.63), ThL 1.75 (1.61–1.92 mm). TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype: male: “Mont Tremblant, QUE., [46.218957, -74.555477], 15.VII.1959, 3000′, B. V. Peterson,” Am 1310, [glued directly to pin, dissected]. Deposited in the Canadian National Collection (CNC). Paratype: “Mont Tremblant, QUE., 15.VII.1959, 3000′, B. V. Peterson,” 1♂ (Am 1311*, CNC). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: USA: Maine: SE Guarette, 1948-07, M. R. Wheeler and T.C. Hsu, 1891.7 [genitalia on slide in AMNH], 1♂ (Am 304*, AMNH). Michigan: Marquette Co., Huron Mtns., Huron Mtn. Club property vicinity, 46.874950, -87.891717, 2018-07, leg. T. Werner, 1♂ (Am 721*, AMNH). Tennessee: Great Smoky Mt. N.P., 6.6 air mi. NNE Clingman Dome, 1987-06-16, leg. D.W. Webb, 1♂ (Am 1594*, INHS). ETYMOLOGY: Named for Tessa Steenwinkel, undergraduate researcher in the Werner laboratory of Michigan Technological University, on behalf of Thomas Werner. DISTRIBUTION: Currently, this species is only known from locations near the 46th parallel including the upper peninsula of Michigan, Quebec, and Maine. COMMENTS: This species exhibits the characteristic behavior of attraction to the eyes and face common to many Amiota (T. Werner, personal commun.).Published as part of Jones, Lance E. & Grimaldi, David A., 2022, Revision Of The Nearctic Species Of The Genus Amiota Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae), pp. 1-181 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (458) on pages 85-91, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.458.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/740002
Exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity over BiOBr-ZnFe2O4 heterojunctions
No full textAn ultrasound-assisted, precipitation–deposition method has been developed to synthesise visible-light-responsive BiOBr–ZnFe2O4 heterojunction photocatalysts. The heterojunctions with suitable BiOBr/ZnFe2O4 ratios have a fascinating micro-spherical morphology and exhibit exceptional photocatalytic activity in visible-light degradation of Rhodamine B
Prime order derangements in primitive permutation groups
No full textAbstractLet G be a transitive permutation group on a finite set Ω of size at least 2. An element of G is a derangement if it has no fixed points on Ω. Let r be a prime divisor of |Ω|. We say that G is r-elusive if it does not contain a derangement of order r, and strongly r-elusive if it does not contain one of r-power order. In this note we determine the r-elusive and strongly r-elusive primitive actions of almost simple groups with socle an alternating or sporadic group
Study on the photocatalysis of F-S co-doped TiO2 prepared using solvothermal method
No full textFluorine–sulfur (F–S) co-doped TiO2 materials have been prepared using low-temperature solvothermal method, and tested for catalytic activity by the visible light photocatalytic degradation of the Methylene Blue. For comparison, the mono-elemental doped samples, e.g., S- and F-doped TiO2 have also been prepared and tested under the same conditions. The characterization results showed that F–S co-doped TiO2 has a higher photocatalytic activity than that of mono-doped F- and S-doped samples under visible light irradiation. It is believed that the co-doping gives rise to a localized state in the band gap of the oxide and creates active surface oxygen vacancies, both which are responsible for visible light absorption and the promotion of electrons from the localized states to the conduction band. Characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance revealed the presence of a superoxide radical (O2?) which may be mainly responsible for photodegradation of Methylene Blue under visible light
Satire and sympathy : some consequences of intrusive narration in Tom Jones and other comic novels
No full textThis thesis aims to reinterpret Tom Jones by putting it into
some previously untried comparative contexts. As well as using
the traditional points of reference such as Lucian, Swift and
Sterne, I compare Fielding's satire with Flaubert's; his narrative
poetics with Dickens's and Beckett's; his strategy of intrusion
with George Eliot's; and his literary politics with Brecht's.
I start by assuming the ambivalence of Tom Jones, but rather
than seeing this as a conscious ironic duality, I argue that it
derives from literary, moral and political uncertainty. The
intrusive narrator is seen as an index of vacillation between
first- and third-person narration, while conservative satiric
influences are shown to complicate rather than strengthen the
book's moral decisiveness. Its form, moreover, is shown to be
dialogic, and unable to keep at bay either the reader's
subjectivity or the flux of historical reality. But Fielding's
achievement, I finally suggest, is to have put these factors
into the service of his awareness of the always judgmental
nature of literature.
The thesis therefore takes on several previously uncovered areas:
it is very specific about the nature and extent of the narrator's
presence in Tom Jones; it draws new analogies between social and
literary forms (in the sections on conversation) and political
and literary structures (in the section on Fielding's plays).
It thereby reveals new areas of Fielding's writings which can be
treated as literary theory; finds detailed affinities between
Fielding and writers not normally associated with him; and
eventually constitutes a reading of Tom Jones as an inconclusive
and open-ended text which implies not a denial but a redefinition
of its historical importance
Tax treaty interpretation
No full textPhDThis thesis analyses which principles should govern the interpretation of tax treaties.
This field is complex - because tax treaties have a dual status.
Tax treaties are treaties between States - which are governed by public international
law, the principles of which have been codified in the 1980 Vienna Convention on the
Law of Treaties.
Tax treaties are also laws which can affect the domestic rights of taxpayers (and
States).
Different, and possibly conflicting, principles of interpretation may apply in public
international, and in (different) domestic, contexts.
This thesis seeks to reconcile these different principles, recognising that tax treaties
should be interpreted uniformly. Only if this is done can double taxation (and double
non-taxation) be avoided - and reciprocity achieved.
This thesis analyses why, and when, the Vienna Convention is relevant in interpreting
a tax treaty in a domestic context. It seeks to describe a uniform approach to tax treaty
interpretation - which could be applied by domestic courts worldwide.
It reaches four main conclusions.
Firstly, a textual approach (endorsed as the starting point of interpretation at a public
international level by Article 31(1) of the Vienna Convention) should (also) be the
starting point of interpretation in a domestic context.
Secondly, the proper approach in a domestic context cannot be the mirror image of
the Vienna Convention approach.
Thirdly, a uniform domestic approach cannot be identical to any one particular
State's approach to the interpretation of its domestic tax statutes.
Fourthly, a uniform domestic approach should be autonomous - and neutral as
between all States. It should recognise a tax treaty's dual status - yet be independent of
any interpretative principles which are appropriate only in a purely public international,
or a purely domestic, context
Catalytic combustion of methane over mixed oxides derived from Co-Mg/Al ternary hydrotalcites
No full textMethane catalytic combustion represents the most efficient and cleanest combustion style, while its widespread applications are restricted by the low-performance and costly catalysts. Our innovative cobalt-based catalysts, derived from anionic clays, provide efficient and affordable materials to replace the costly catalysts in combustors, for high efficiency and near-zero emission of environmental hazards (eg. NOx and VOCs). Our findings would benefit energy economy and environment protection, in particular reducing fuel consumption and mitigating climate changes and ensure energy security in medium term. Shanghai Pujing Chemical Company has contacted us to exploit such materials for flameless combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels
Comparison of HIV-1 specific T cell immunity in the female genital tract and blood of HIV-infected women : impact of in vitro T cell expansion on HIV-specific T cell specificity, maturational status and functional complexity
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 161-184).This study shows that HIV-specific cervical T cells can be isolated by cytobrushing and in vitro polyclonal expansion is a useful approach to increase the number of T cells available from mucosal sites. Dynal beads (1:1) in the presence of IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 resulted in the best yields of cervical T cells while anti-CD3 in the presence of IL-2 best conserved the ex vivo T cell profile. Expanded T cell lines, irrespective of expansion method used, generally maintain their cytokine response profile to HIV anti- gens. This study shows that HIV Gag-specific blood and cervical T cells were largely mono-functional with polyfunctional T cells being detected in women with high blood CD4 count and low plasma viral load. This study confirms that HIV-specific Gag T cell responses detected in the polyclonal expanded female genital tract T cells are associated with those measured in blood during HIV infection
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