123 research outputs found
Processing two line element sets to facilitate re-entry prediction of spent rocket bodies from geostationary transfer orbit
No full textPredicting the re-entry of space objects enables the risk they pose to the ground population to be managed. The more accurate the re-entry forecast, the more cost-efficient risk mitigation measures can be put in place. However, at present, the only publicly available ephemerides (two line element sets, TLEs) should not be used for accurate re-entry prediction directly. They may contain erroneous state vectors, which need to be filtered out. Also, the object’s physical parameters (ballistic and solar radiation pressure coefficients) need to be estimated to enable accurate propagation. These estimates are only valid between events that change object’s physical properties, e.g. collisions and fragmentations. Thus, these events need to be identified amongst the TLEs. This paper presents the TLE analysis methodology, which enables outlying TLEs and space events to be identified. It is then demonstrated how various TLE filtering stages improve the accuracy of the TLE-based re-entry prediction
COURSE: Cross-scale cOUpling pRocesses in the Solar–tErrestrial system—SCOSTEP’s new program for 2026–2030
No full textLaurenza, M. et al.--Full list of authors: Laurenza, M.; Shiokawa, K.; Molina, M. G.; Liu, H.-L.; Krivova, N. A.; Funke, B.; Kusano, K.; Habarulema, J. B.; Buresova, D.; West, M. J.; Chau, J.; Zhang, J.; Nesse, H.; Usoskin, I.; Alberti, T.; Alfonsi, L.; Coddington, O.; Dasso, S.; Fung, Shing F.; Hayakawa, Hisashi; Miyoshi, Y.; Nakamura, R.; Temmer, M.; Stolle, C.; Zong, Q.-G.; Briand, C.; Goplaswamy, N.; Safranova, JanaThe committee nominated to define the Scientific Committee on Solar–Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) Next Scientific Program (NSP) has identified cross-scale coupling as the overarching theme for conducting and promoting coordinated research and outreach activities in the upcoming period 2026–2030. The program is called COURSE (Cross-scale cOUpling pRocesses in the Solar–tErrestrial system) and is organized in three main scientific focus areas: 1) sources of space weather and space climate; 2) solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere coupling; and 3) external impacts and internal dynamics of the Earth atmosphere. For each Focus Area the NSP committee has identified: 1) long-standing goals, i.e., key questions persistent through SCOSTEP scientific programs and 2) objectives, i.e., precise outcomes that can be addressed over the 5-year program duration, which contribute to achieving the goals over the long term. Moreover, the committee envisions the implementation of the program through identified novel methods, including machine learning and Artificial Intelligence techniques; integrated models; new missions; the combination of multipoint in-situ data with ground observations; improved metadata; and adoption of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. © The Author(s) 2025.We acknowledge the following speakers invited to the NSP Committee meetings for their valuable inputs: Abadi Prayitno, Jian Lan, Groves Keith, Kwak Young-Sil, Kozai Masayoshi, Marcucci Maria Federica, Miyake Fusa, Munakata Kazuoki, Otsuka Yuichi, Karou Sato. We aknowledge the SCOSTEP Secretariat managed by the team at Boston College. ML acknowledges Scarabotti Matteo and the INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali administration for aiding in the organization of the INGV meeting. The COURSE program definition process has been supported by SCOSTEP, Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research—Nagoya University, and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology.Peer reviewe
Odstępstwa od ochrony prawa autorskiego z uwagi na realizację wolności informacji i wolności prasy. Uwagi na tle wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 29 lipca 2019 r. w sprawie pomiędzy Funke Medien NRW GmbH a Bundesrepublik Deutschland
No full textPublic discussion in 2018, concerning the European Parliament, passing the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market, in the public discourse referred to as ACTA 2, evoked huge social emotions. The source of the conflict were two colliding values: the need to protect copyright and to ensure economic interest of authors and freedom of expression (freedom of the Internet), particularly important for users of works and Internet users. The decisions of the European Court of Justice, given on 29 July 2019 in the proceedings between Funke Medien NRW GmbH and Bundesrepublik Deutschland and the coincident decision in the case Spiegel Online GmbH vs Volker Beckow, deals with the above-given conflict of values. This article provides a description of the main arguments of the above-mentioned judgements of the ECJ and points at their consequences in the scope of changing the current interpretation of the provisions of copyright. The article also contains remarks on the influence of these decisions and their consequences for the disabling of content by providers of content-sharing service providers which violates freedom of expression considering the new Directive of 17 April 2019. The author presented arguments confirming that the Directive (EU) 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and the new way of interpreting copyright rules provided by the judgements of the ECJ has significantly changed the hitherto may of perceiving the rules of permissible use of works.Dyskusja publiczna z 2018 r. dotycząca uchwalenia przez Parlament Europejski dyrektywy w sprawie prawa autorskiego i praw pokrewnych na jednolitym rynku cyfrowym, nazywanej w dyskursie publicznym mianem ACTA 2, budziła ogromne emocje społeczne. U źródła tego konfliktu leżały dwie zderzające się ze sobą wartości: potrzeba ochrony praw autorskich i zabezpieczenia interesów ekonomicznych twórców oraz wolność wypowiedzi (wolność internetu), szczególnie istotna dla użytkowników utworów i użytkowników internetu. Wydane przez Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej w dniu 29 lipca 2019 r. orzeczenia w sprawie Funke Medien NRW GmbH przeciwko Bundesrepublik Deutschland oraz zbieżne z nim orzeczenie w sprawie Spiegel Online GmbH przeciwko Volkerowi Beckowi dotyczy wskazanego wyżej konfliktu wartości. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera opis głównych tez wskazanych wyżej rozstrzygnięć TSUE oraz wskazuje na ich konsekwencje w zakresie zmiany dotychczasowego sposobu interpretacji przepisów prawa autorskiego. W artykule zamieszczono także uwagi dotyczące wpływu tych rozstrzygnięć i ich konsekwencji w zakresie naruszającego wolność wypowiedzi blokowania treści przez podmioty świadczące usługi hostingowe w świetle wymagań nowej dyrektywy z dnia 17 kwietnia 2019 r. Ponadto wskazano argumenty świadczące o tym, że dyrektywa 2019/790/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 17 kwietnia 2019 r. w sprawie prawa autorskiego i praw pokrewnych na jednolitym rynku cyfrowym oraz nowy, wytyczony w komentowanych orzeczeniach TSUE, sposób interpretacji przepisów prawa autorskiego istotnie zmienił dotychczasowy sposób postrzegania przepisów o dozwolonym użytku utworów
Increase of the Coefficient of Static Friction Using Turn-milling with an Inclined Milling Spindle
No full textAbstractThere is a strong need for surfaces with a high coefficient of static friction to meet the demands for increasing performance and lightweight construction strategies, especially regarding friction-locked connections. An auspicious turn-milling process used to generate protruding surface structures which lead to a high coefficient of static friction is investigated. The influence of the corner geometry on the surface structure is examined by machining end faces of specimens of the steel 42CrMo4+QT (1.7225). Experimental tests for the identification of the coefficient of static friction show a significant increase up to 275% (μ0.1° = 0.55) for turn-milled surfaces in comparison to unstructured specimens (μ0.1 ≈ 0.2)
Effect of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric NO2 and N2O5 from 2002-2014 as measured by Odin-OSIRIS and Envisat-MIPAS
No full textFollowing the large volcanic eruptions of Pinatubo in 1991 and El Chichón in 1982, decreases in stratospheric NO2 associated with enhanced aerosol were observed. The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (OSIRIS) measured the widespread enhancements of stratospheric aerosol following seven volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2014, although the magnitudes of these eruptions were all much smaller than the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. In order to isolate and quantify the relationship between volcanic aerosol and NO2, NO2 anomalies were calculated using measurements from OSIRIS and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). In the tropics, variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation was subtracted from the time series. OSIRIS profile measurements indicate that the strongest anticorrelations between NO2 and volcanic aerosol extinction were for the 5km layer starting ∼ 3km above the climatological mean tropopause at the given latitude. OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 partial columns in this layer were found to be smaller than background NO2 levels during these aerosol enhancements by up to ∼ 60% with typical Pearson correlation coefficients of R ∼ -0. 7. MIPAS also observed decreases in NO2 partial columns during periods affected by volcanic aerosol, with percent differences of up to ∼ 25% relative to background levels. An even stronger anticorrelation was observed between OSIRIS aerosol optical depth and MIPAS N2O5 partial columns, with R ∼ -0. 9, although no link with MIPAS HNO3 was observed. The variation in OSIRIS NO2 with increasing aerosol was found to be consistent with simulations from a photochemical box model within the estimated model uncertainty.© Author(s) 2017. .This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) and the Canadian Space Agency. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and Finland (Tekes). Bernd Funke was supported by the Spanish MINECO under grant ESP2014-54362-P.Peer Reviewe
Verbundenheit im Sportunterricht : Begriffsbestimmung, Programmentwicklung und qualitative Interviewstudie im Rahmen einer Unterrichtseinheit zum Wahrnehmungs-sensibilisierenden Ausdauerlaufen
No full textDie vorliegende Dissertationsschrift befasst sich mit dem Erleben von Verbundenheit, welches sowohl biographisch als auch bildungstheoretisch als relevant identifiziert werden kann. Im Zuge des biographisch geprägten Erkenntnisinteresses werden die folgenden drei Hauptfragen formuliert, welche das hier präsentierte Forschungsprojekt beantworten soll:
1. Inwiefern lässt sich der Begriff „Verbundenheit“ bestimmen und an bestehende relevante, (v.a. bewegungs-) wissenschaftliche Ansätze anschließen?
2. Inwiefern kann diese Verbundenheit in ein Schulsport-unterrichtliches Programm übersetzt werden?
3. Inwiefern gelingt eine praktische Umsetzung dieses Programms, was erleben die teilnehmenden SchülerInnen dabei, und inwiefern erleben sie dabei (Aspekte von) Verbundenheit?
Eine adäquate Bearbeitung dieser Fragen setzt sowohl einen theoretischen, als auch einen empirischen Zugang voraus. Dabei müssen auch bildungs- und erziehungstheoretische Aspekte und eine Schulsportunterrichts-praktische Perspektive eingenommen werden. Darüber hinaus wird in der letzten Frage die Sicht der SchülerInnen betont.
Für eine Thematisierung der ersten Hauptfrage wird im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit vor dem Hintergrund anerkannter (v.a. bewegungs-) wissenschaftlicher Ansätze eine Begriffsbestimmung vorgenommen. Dies erlaubt auch die Diskussion einer möglichen (interdisziplinären) wissenschaftlichen Anbindung dieses Begriffes. Hervorzuheben sind hier anschlussfähige Diskurse innerhalb der Leibphänomenologie, der ästhetischen Bildung und der (davon z.T. beeinflussten) Bewegungspädagogik. Dabei wird zwischen „Leib-Sein“ und „Körper-Haben“ unterschieden. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine Anschlussfähigkeit des Verbundenheitsbegriffes an (sozio-) ökologische Figuren und an naturschutzpädagogische Ansätze. Im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeit lässt sich Verbundenheit schließlich differenzieren in eine Verbundenheit mit dem eigenen Leib, mit der menschlichen und mit der nicht-menschlichen Mitwelt. Darüber hinaus kann sie gekennzeichnet werden als ein prä-reflexives, „ästhetisch-sinnliches Leib-Sein in achtsamer Bewusstheit und Beziehung zu etwas“. Ein Begriffsschema in der Dissertationsschrift veranschaulicht diese Ergebnisse. Die erste Hauptfrage der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift kann damit als (vorläufig) beantwortet gelten.
Im Zuge einer Bearbeitung der zweiten Hauptfrage wird anschließend mit Bezug zu bildungs- und erziehungstheoretischen Überlegungen ein konkretes, Schulsport-unterrichtliches Programm entworfen und ausführlich dargestellt. Es thematisiert und inszeniert die so verstandene Verbundenheit innerhalb einer Einheit zum Wahrnehmungs-sensibilisierenden Ausdauerlaufen. Damit kann auch diese Hauptfrage beantwortet werden kann. Das entwickelte Programm stellt ein weiteres Ergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit dar.
Die dritte Hauptfrage verlangt nach einer empirischen Herangehensweise. Daher werden die genannten drei Hauptfragen in vier operationalisierbare Untersuchungsfragen überführt und bearbeitet. Mit Bezug zu bereits diskutierten phänomenologischen Aspekten und vor der Matrix einer methodologischen Diskussion wird dabei die Entscheidung für eine qualitative Studie mit Episodischen Interviews getroffen. Dabei wird auch die Personalunion der Autorin dieser Arbeit in den Rollen der Programmentwicklerin, -Anleiterin und wissenschaftlichen Evaluatorin reflektiert. Die vier re-formulierten Untersuchungsfragen akzentuieren wie gefordert die SchülerInnen-Perspektive und lauten:
1. Was verstehen die InterviewteilnehmerInnen unter dem Begriff „Verbundenheit“?
2. Inwiefern ist ein entsprechendes Programm im schulischen Sportunterricht umsetzbar?
3. Was erleben die InterviewteilnehmerInnen bei einer solchen Inszenierung?
4. Inwiefern erleben sie dabei (Aspekte von) Verbundenheit?
Die konkreten empirischen Ergebnisse finden sich – wie auch die Interviewtranskripte – in der Originalarbeit.
Eine theoretische Wendung der empirischen Interviewaussagen und Ergebnisse lässt zusätzlich deren erweiterte Interpretation durch im Theorieteil bereits diskutierten Ansätze zu. Somit wird hier insgesamt eine Erweiterung der Theorie durch die Empirie, aber auch eine Vertiefung der empirischen Ergebnisse durch die theoretischen Ansätze möglich.
Ein weiteres Ergebnis stellt letztlich auch der Ausblick auf denkbare zukünftige Fortführungen des hier zu präsentierenden Forschungsprojektes dar, welcher auf einer Reflexion der gewählten Methoden und ihrer Anwendung basiert, aber auch die Kritik der InterviewpartnerInnen aufnimmt.
Damit verbleibt für diese Kurzfassung lediglich der Hinweis auf den andauernden, bildenden Einfluss der vorliegenden Arbeit auf die Person der Autorin selbst.The graduate thesis at hand is dealing with the experiencing of interconnectedness , which can be identified biographically as well as in terms of education as relevant. In the course of the biographically coined cognitive interest of this dissertation are the following three main questions worded, which are to be answered by the research project to be presented:
1. In what way can the term “interconnectedness” be defined and affiliated to existing, relevant scientific pedagogy (above all in terms of pedagogy of the human movement)?
2. In what way can this interconnectedness been translated in a physical education-program for school?
3. In what way succeeds an applied implementation of this program into schooling practice (PE), what is experienced by the pupils in doing so, and in what way are they experiencing (aspects of) interconnectedness thereby?
The adequate dealing with these questions requires a theoretical, as well as an empirical approach. In doing so, also educational aspects and a practical PE-perspective have to be added. Furthermore, the pupils´ point of view is emphasised within the last question.
For treating the first main question, in the theoretical part of this thesis a definition is done against the background of acknowledged scientific approaches (here mainly in terms of pedagogy of the human movement). This enables a discussion of the possible (interdisciplinary) scientific affiliation as well. Here, the appropriate discourses within the („Leib-“) phenomenology, the aesthetic education and the (thereof influenced) of the human movement are to be highlighted. In this context it is to differentiate between “being the >Leib<” and “having a >Körper<” . Furthermore, an affiliation of the expression “interconnectedness” can be found within (sozio-) ecological terms and in nature-pedagogic approaches. In the advancement of this dissertation, “interconnectedness” can also be distinguished into an interconnectedness with the own >Leib<, an interconnectedness with the human and with the non-human world. In addition to that can interconnectedness be understood as a prae-reflexive, “aesthetic-sensual >Leib<-Being in conscious awareness and relation to something”. In the dissertation, a diagram is illustrating these results. Thus the first main question can be seen to be answered for the time being.
In the course of the second main question and with reference to educational considerations is a concrete Program for school-PE worded and presented in detail within the dissertation. This program brings up and puts on the described interconnectedness within a teaching unit of perception-sensitising long-running. Due to that this main question can be answered, too. The developed program displays another result of the thesis to be presented.
The third main question asks for an empiric approach. Therefore the named main questions are transferred into four survey questions which can be operationalised in a scientific experimental manner. With reference to already stated phenomenological aspects and due to a methodological discussion of thoughts a decision is made for qualitative research with Episodic Interviews. Also the personal union of the author of this presented work in the roles of the program-developer, the program-instructor and the scientific program-evaluator is reflected. As requested, the four re-worded survey questions accentuate the pupils´ perspective. They read as follows:
1. What is the interviewees´ understanding of the term “interconnectedness”?
2. In what extent is an according program realisable in schools PE?
3. What are the pupils experiencing during such a realisation?
4. In what extent are they experiencing (aspects of) interconnectedness?
The empirical outcome as well as the interview-transcripts can be found in the original paper.
A theoretical twist of the empiric interview-statements and results enables over and above an advanced interpretation through the scientific approaches, discussed earlier on in the theoretical part of the dissertation. Altogether this way it is possible to expand the theory through the empiricism, but also to deepen the empirical findings through the theoretical approaches.
As a supplementary result the perspective at imaginable future continuation of the presented research project is here to be named as well, building up on a reflection on the chosen methods and their appliance as well as on the critics of the interviewees.
Last but not least that leaves for this abstract only the mention of the ongoing educational influence this dissertation has on the person of the author herself
"The Impacts of Various Taxes on Foreign Direct Investment"
No full textPrevious work on the effect of taxes on foreign direct investment (FDI) focused primarily on capital income taxes. We investigate the proposition that other forms of taxation may also deter FDI. We use tax ratios, i.e., average effective tax rates, on consumption, labor and capital income for a panel of 25 OECD countries from 1975-2006. We find that increases in relative tax rates on capital income encourage net FDI outflow whereas increases in labor income tax rates have the opposite effect. Increases in relative consumption tax rates have insignificant impacts.Tax Ratio, Foreign Direct Investments
Cultural Factors in Complex Decision Making
No full textComplex decision-making is conceptualised as the process of problem solving in meaningful and important, but complex, dynamic and partially opaque situations. This process is open to a number of cultural influences, among them educational practices, environmental predictability, and power distance. Two empirical studies that explore into the cultural relativity of this type of decision making use interactive computer simulations of complex problems as research instruments. There are a number of behavioural differences between participants from India and Germany which can be explained within a culture-theoretical framework and give reason for the plea to include cultural factors in theories on human decision making
Richardson, Barbauld, and the construction of an early modern fan club
No full textMPhilMuch has been written about the life and long works of the eighteenth century epistolary novelist, Samuel Richardson, but the prospect of his position as the first celebrity novelist – responsible for courting his own fame as well as initiating his own fan club – has largely been ignored. The body of manuscripts housed at the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London provides the modern scholar with evidence of the skeletal beginnings of an early fan club. This thesis aims to show how these manuscripts were turned into a saleable commodity by the publisher and entrepreneur Richard Phillips, while under the guiding hand of another, slightly later, literary celebrity, Anna Laetitia Barbauld. In order to restore Richardson’s reputation amongst a new nineteenth century audience, Barbauld was required to construct her own idea of him as an eighteenth century celebrity author, and in doing so the insecurities of a self-professed, apparently diffident man, are revealed. Barbauld’s capacious, but heavily edited selection of letters is analyzed in this thesis, providing ample evidence that Richardson’s correspondents were more than just eager letter writers. By using Barbauld’s biography of Richardson this thesis aims to show how she manipulates the genre of life writing in her construction of him.
This thesis offers an alternative reading of how the Richardson manuscripts are viewed, redefining them as not simply a collection of letters, but as a collective entity, deliberately selected and archived as evidence of an early modern fan club, and its celebrity managing director
Measuring Knowledge Spillovers using Patent Citations: Evidence from the Belgian Firm's Data.
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