448 research outputs found
Risk factors for revision for early dislocation in total hip arthroplasty
No full textRisk factors were investigated for revision for dislocation in primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) between September 1, 1999, and December 31, 2004, as reported by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. For 65992 primary THAs, the only initial diagnoses with significantly increased relative risk (RR) of revision for dislocation compared to osteoarthritis were fractured neck of femur (RR, 2.03; P b .001), rheumatoid arthritis (RR, 2.01; P b .01), and avascular necrosis (RR, 1.57; P b .05). A total of 58109 primary THAs for osteoarthritis were investigated for effect of age group, sex, and fixation method. There were 428 (0.7%) revisions for dislocation, 369 (0.8%) with a cementless acetabulum, and 59 (0.6%) with cemented acetabulum (RR, 1.59; P b .01). There is a significantly increasing risk of revision for dislocation as head size decreases (P b .001). Cementless acetabula, particularly with smaller heads, have a higher rate of revision for dislocation.Jonathan L. Conroy, Sarah L. Whitehouse, Stephen E. Graves, Nicole L. Pratt, Philip Ryan, and Ross W. Crawfor
Author Correction: GLORIA - A globally representative hyperspectral in situ dataset for optical sensing of water quality
No full textAn author of the paper was omitted in the original version (Ted Conroy, University of Waikato, New Zealand). This has been corrected in the pdf and HTML versions of the paper, and the associated metadata
Bacterial and archaeal community structure across a gradient of saline lakes in Kiritimati, Republic of Kiribati
No full textMicrobial mats, multilayered sheets of microorganisms often found in extreme environments, are increasingly gaining attention for their utility and influence on the global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of the organisms that define microbial mats and how they vary across environmental gradients remains limited, given the sparse sampling of these systems worldwide. Here we investigate a series of distinct microbial communities across a gradient of natural saline lakes on Kiritimati to define how mat communities in hypersaline lakes, where microbial mats have been previously assessed, differ from microbial communities in fresher lakes. Preliminary terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated that samples from the least saline lakes were statistically distinct from the most saline lake microbial communities. Results from Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons support this finding and also pointed to both salinity and pH as major drivers of community variability. Alpha diversity measurements show no apparent link between salinity and microbial diversity. Extremely saline samples had both higher and lower Shannon index values, whereas lower salinity groups showed a range of Shannon index values. Our findings suggest pH may interact with salinity to influence microbial community structure and that diversity at high salinities may be controlled by both environmental and temporal factors. Greater insight into the drivers of community structure and diversity requires a deeper understanding of functional groups within brackish and brine lakes.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Susan Schmitt, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-19 at 09:21.The student, Susan Schmitt, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-07-19 at 09:40.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-07-19 at 13:31.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10008 on 2016-11-10 at 12:27:17Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-19Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95389
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95389
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95389
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95389
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:43:22Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 95389 on 2018-11-11T10:15:24Z
Precipitation amount, altitude, and moisture trajectory effects on the stable isotopic composition of precipitation in the Galapagos Islands
No full textUnderstanding how climate processes facilitate stable water isotope variability in precipitation over time and space is critical to interpreting stable isotope-based paleoclimate proxies, particularly in the eastern equatorial Pacific where stable water isotope observations from precipitation (δ18Op and δDp) are sparse. Here we present a new 28-month record of daily δ18Op and δDp from Santa Cruz, Galápagos. With a prior 13-year record of monthly averaged precipitation isotope data from the island, these new data reveal valuable information on how meteorology, altitude, and source region characteristics influence the stable isotopic composition of precipitation in the region.
Two sampling locations on Santa Cruz Island exhibit distinct local meteoric water lines; the drier, lower elevation site (7 m a.s.l.) has a significantly lower slope than the humid highland site (180 m a.s.l.), likely resulting from greater re-evaporation of falling rain. An altitude effect is also apparent, based on daily precipitation and δ18Op measurements across a 35 km transect of the island, with δ18Op decreasing by 0.2‰/100 m elevation. HYSPLIT backward trajectory modeling reveals important differences in how the path of atmospheric moisture affects stable isotope ratios in precipitation in the eastern equatorial Pacific and western equatorial Pacific. No significant relationship between moisture source area and δ18Op or deuterium excess is observed in our samples. We also find a lack of a predictable seasonal shift in moisture sources which explains the very small seasonal variation in δ18Op. Daily δ18Op near sea level was significantly correlated with precipitation amount, as was monthly, amount-weighted δ18Op and precipitation at sea level and 180 m. However, accounting for the non-normality of the data substantially reduces the strength of the correlation between δ18Op and precipitation on monthly timescales while the δ18Op-precipitation relationship on daily timescales remained strong. Overall, we observe a stronger daily, rather than monthly amount effect in the Galápagos dataset. This result suggests Galápagos paleoclimate records which reflect δ18Op may capture a slightly different story than those in the western equatorial Pacific, where the amount effect is most strongly manifested on weekly to monthly timescales.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Nicholas Martin, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-22 at 11:18.The student, Nicholas Martin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-04-22 at 11:41.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-04-22 at 13:49.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9434 on 2016-07-07 at 13:50:37Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93169
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:28:14Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93169
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93169 on 2018-07-08T09:15:20Z
Globally coherent water cycle response to temperature change during the past two millennia
No full textAdditional information, 10 pages not numbered.The response of the global water cycle to changes in global surface temperature remains an outstanding question in future climate projections and in past climate reconstructions. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of precipitation (δprecip), meteoric water (δMW) and seawater (δSW) integrate processes from microphysical to global scales and thus are uniquely positioned to track global hydroclimate variations. Here we evaluate global hydroclimate during the past 2,000 years using a globally distributed compilation of proxies for δprecip, δMW and δSW. We show that global mean surface temperature exerted a coherent influence on global δprecip and δMW throughout the past two millennia, driven by global ocean evaporation and condensation processes, with lower values during the Little Ice Age (1450–1850) and higher values after the onset of anthropogenic warming (~1850). The Pacific Walker Circulation is a predominant source of regional variability, particularly since 1850. Our results demonstrate rapid adjustments in global precipitation and atmospheric circulation patterns— within decades—as the planet warms and cools.Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Georgina M. Falster, Samantha L. Stevenson, Matt J. Fischer, Alyssa R. Atwood, Diane M. Thompson, Matthew D. Jones, Jonathan J. Tyler, Kristine L. DeLong, Belen Martrat, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Jessica L. Conroy, Sylvia G. Dee, Lukas Jonkers, Olga V. Churakova, Sidorova, Zoltán Kern, Thomas Opel, Trevor J. Porter, Hussein R. Sayani, Grzegorz Skrzypek & Iso2k Project Member
A new Holocene lake sediment archive from Samoa (tropical South Pacific) reveals millennial scale changes in ENSO driven precipitation
No full textEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest source of interannual climate variability on the planet. Its behaviour leads to major hydro-climate impacts around the world, including flooding, drought, and altering cyclone frequency. Simulating ENSO behaviour is difficult using climate models, as it is a complex non-linear system, and hence predicting its future variability under changing climate is challenging. Using palaeoclimate data thus allows an insight into long-term ENSO behaviour against a range of different forcings throughout the Holocene. To date long, coherent, high resolution records from lake sediment archives have been limited to the Pacific Rim. We present new data from the closed crater Lake Lanoto'o, on Upolu Island, Samoa, located within the tropical South Pacific. The lake sediment record extends back into the early Holocene with an average sedimentation rate 0.4mm a-1. We demonstrate a strong correspondence between precipitation at the study site and measures of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)1. We compare geochemical proxies of precipitation to a long-term reconstruction of the SOI2. The resulting proxy SOI record extends over the last 9000 years, revealing scales of change in ENSO that match those recorded from sites located on the Pacific rim3,4. A major period of La-Nina dominance occurs around 4.5ka BP before abruptly switching to El-Nino dominance around 3.2ka. Thereafter, phases of El-Nino - La Nina dominance, alternate every c. 400yrs. The results point to prolonged phases of enhanced or reduced precipitation - conditions that may influence future population resilience to climate change, and may also have been triggers for the colonisation of more remote eastern Polynesia. 1. http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/catalog/climind/SOI.signal.annstd.ascii. 2. Yan, H. et al. (2011) Nature Geoscience, 4, p.611. 3. Conroy J. L. et al. (2008) Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, p.1166 4. Moy, C. M. et al. (2002) Nature, 420, p.16
The impacts of climate variability on welfare in rural Mexico
No full textThis paper examines the impacts of weather shocks, defined as rainfall or growing degree days more than a standard deviation from their respective long-run means, on household consumption per capita and child height-for-age. The results reveal that the current risk-coping mechanisms are not effective in protecting these two dimensions of welfare from erratic weather patterns. These findings imply that the change in the patterns of climatic variability associated with climate change is likely to reduce the effectiveness of the current coping mechanisms even more and thus increase household vulnerability further. The results reveal that weather shocks have substantial (negative as well as positive) effects on welfare that vary across regions (North vs. Center and South) and socio-economic characteristics (education and gender). The heterogeneous impacts of climatic variability suggest that a"tailored"approach to designing programs aimed at decreasing the sensitivity and increasing the capacity of rural households to adapt to climate change in Mexico is likely to be more effective.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Science of Climate Change,Regional Economic Development,Global Environment Facility,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
REGIONAL AND URBAN SCIENCE IN FRANCE: RANKINGS OF AUTHORS AND INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLICATION PATTERNS DURING THE NINETIES
No full textThis article analyses the evolution experienced by research in urban and regional science in France between 1991 and 2000, comparing these changes with wider international trends. Nine of the leading international journals of regional and urban studies were used in drawing up rankings of countries, authors and institutions and in exploring publication patterns. We examine the strategy adopted by the French in establishing themselves within the world's top five in regional and urban research and report a number of interesting findings when comparisons are drawn internationally.REGIONAL AND URBAN SCIENCE, BIBLIOMETRICS, RANKINGS
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