283 research outputs found
Sugar consumption from beverages and the potential effects of a text-based information label
No full textJodi P. Gray, Jonathan Karnon, Leslee Blackwel
Frailty and health service use in rural South Australia
No full textAbstract not availableElsa Dent, Elizabeth Hoon, Jonathan Karnon, Jonathan Newbury, Alison Kitson, Justin Beilb
sj-pdf-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683231226335 – Supplemental material for Using Expert Elicitation to Adjust Published Intervention Effects to Reflect the Local Context
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683231226335 for Using Expert Elicitation to Adjust Published Intervention Effects to Reflect the Local Context by Jodi Gray, Tilenka R. Thynne, Vaughn Eaton, Rebecca Larcombe, Mahsa Tantiongco and Jonathan Karnon in MDM Policy & Practice</p
Cost effectiveness of high-sensitivity troponin compared to conventional troponin among patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain: a trial based analysis
No full textAbstract not availableBillingsley Kaambwa, Julie Ratcliffe, Matthew Horsfall, Carolyn Astley, Jonathan Karnon, Penelope Coates, Margaret Arstall, Christopher Zeitz, Matthew Worthley, John Beltrame, Derek P. Che
Calibrating models in economic evaluation: A comparison of alternative measures of goodness of fit, parameter search strategies and convergence criteria
No full textBackgroundThe importance of assessing the accuracy of health economic decision models is widely recognized. Many applied decision models (implicitly) assume that the process of identifying relevant values for a model's input parameters is sufficient to prove the model's accuracy. The selection of infeasible combinations of input parameter values is most likely in the context of probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), where parameter values are drawn from independently specified probability distributions for each model parameter. Model calibration involves the identification of input parameter values that produce model output parameters that best predict observed data.MethodsAn empirical comparison of three key calibration issues is presented: the applied measure of goodness of fit (GOF); the search strategy for selecting sets of input parameter values; and the convergence criteria for determining acceptable GOF. The comparisons are presented in the context of probabilistic calibration, a widely applicable approach to calibration that can be easily integrated with PSA. The appendix provides a user's guide to probabilistic calibration, with the reader invited to download the Microsoft® Excel-based model reported in this article.ResultsThe calibrated models consistently provided higher mean estimates of the models' output parameter, illustrating the potential gain in accuracy derived from calibrating decision models. Model uncertainty was also reduced. The chi-squared GOF measure differentiated between the accuracy of different parameter sets to a far greater degree than the likelihood GOF measure. The guided search strategy produced higher mean estimates of the models' output parameter, as well as a narrower range of predicted output values, which may reflect greater precision in the identification of candidate parameter sets or more limited coverage of the parameter space. The broader convergence threshold resulted in lower mean estimates of the models' output, and slightly wider ranges, which were closer to the outputs associated with the non-calibrated approach.ConclusionsProbabilistic calibration provides a broadly applicable method that will improve the relevance of health economic decision models, and simultaneously reduce model uncertainty. The analyses reported in this paper inform the more efficient and accurate application of calibration methods for health economic decision models.Jonathan Karnon, Tazio Vann
The LINKIN Health Census process: design and implementation
No full textExtent: 10p.This paper describes the first phase of the LINKIN Health Study, which aims to evaluate health system functioning within a rural population. Locally relevant data on the health status and service usage of this population, including non-users and users, health service providers traditionally omitted from health services research, and multiple socio-economic indicators, was collected using a self-complete health census. Household response was 75% (N = 4425). Response was greater when face-to-face contact was made at delivery compared to when questionnaires were left in the letterbox (89% vs 64%), falling to 26% when no face-to-face contact was made at either delivery or collection.Catherine Elizabeth Hoon-Leahy, Jonathan Newbury, Alison Kitson, Deirdre Whitford, Anne Wilson, Jonathan Karnon, Jenny Baker, Konrad Jamrozik and Justin Beilb
Advanced management services for transient ischaemic attacks and minor stroke
No full textThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of advanced management service models for transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke patients in inpatient and outpatient settings.Jinlian Sutton, Jim Jannes, Jonathan Karnon, Daniel Alexander Sutton, Austin Milton, Sharon Kramer, Monica Anne Hamilton‐Bruce, Simon Kobla
Sugar consumption from high sugar beverages, and the potential effects of a text-based information label in an Australian population: postal survey
No full textOBJECTIVE: To provide evidence on the effects of two front-of-pack text-based information labels on purchasing of high sugar beverages. Labels advise of increased risk of obesity or diabetes associated with high sugar beverage consumption.
METHODS: A postal survey was developed to obtain information on current household beverage purchases, understanding of the proposed information labels, and stated changes in purchasing resulting from the application of the labels. RESULTS: 130 completed surveys were returned (response rate 66%). In a typical week, 79.2% of households purchased at least one of five high sugar beverages. In purchasing households, estimated sugar intake from high sugar beverages alone ranged from 12.3g to 2307.2g per person per week (equivalent to 30 to 5603kJ per day), with a median intake of 185.1g (450kJ per day). 41.7% (95%CI 25.5 to 59.2) of diabetes label respondents and 35.3% (95%CI 22.4 to 49.9) of obesity label respondents stated they would reduce purchasing of at least one labelled high sugar beverage. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Provides preliminary evidence that front-of-pack text-based information labels advising consumers of health risk may be a potentially effective way to reduce purchasing and consumption of high sugar beverages.Jodi P. Gray, Jonathan Karnon and Leslee Blackwellhttp://www.adelaide.edu.au/pcsip/drinks
Improving the accuracy and comparability of model-based economic evaluations of health technologies for reimbursement decisions: a methodological framework for the development of reference models
No full textIncreasingly, decision analytic models are used within economic evaluations of health technologies (e.g., pharmaceuticals) submitted to national reimbursement bodies in countries like Australia and UK, where such models play a fundamental role in informing public funding decisions. Concerns regarding the accuracy of model outputs and hence the credibility of national reimbursement decisions are frequently raised. We propose a framework for developing reference models for specific diseases to inform economic evaluations of health technologies and their appraisal. The structure of a reference model reflects the natural history of the condition under study and defines the clinical events to be represented, the relationships between the events, and the effect of patient characteristics on the probability and timing of events. We contend that the use of reference models will improve the accuracy and comparability of public funding decisions. This can lead to the more efficient allocation of public funds.Hossein Haji Ali Afzali, Jonathan Karnon and Tracy Merli
A proposed model for economic evaluations of major depressive disorder
No full textIn countries like UK and Australia, the comparability of model-based analyses is an essential aspect of reimbursement decisions for new pharmaceuticals, medical services and technologies. Within disease areas, the use of models with alternative structures, type of modelling techniques and/or data sources for common parameters reduces the comparability of evaluations of alternative technologies for the same condition. The aim of this paper is to propose a decision analytic model to evaluate longterm costs and benefits of alternative management options in patients with depression. The structure of the proposed model is based on the natural history of depression and includes clinical events that are important from both clinical and economic perspectives. Considering its greater flexibility with respect to handling time, discrete event simulation (DES) is an appropriate simulation platform for modelling studies of depression. We argue that the proposed model can be used as a reference model in modelbased studies of depression improving the quality and comparability of studies.Hossein Haji Ali Afzali, Jonathan Karnon and Jodi Gra
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