220 research outputs found
Pandarus rhincodonicus Norman & Newbound & Knott 2000, sp. nov.
No full textPandarus rhincodonicus sp. nov. (®gures 1±5) Material HOLOTYPE: female Western Australian Museum (WAM) C 23238; ALLOTYPE: male WAM C 23239; PARATYPES: WAM C 23240. The senior author holds additional specimens and DRN holds the dissected material. Female (®gures 1±3) Body form shown in ®gure 1A and B. Length range 7.0±8.0 mm (mean = 7.6 mm, n = 10). Width range 3.83±4.28 mm (mean = 4.1 mm, n =10), with greatest width at cephalon, just anterior to the cephalon/thoracic junction. Height range 1.19±1.58 mm (1.4 mm, n =10). Although dorsal surface of body is smooth, pores are scattered across surface. Lateral margins of carapace are ¯eshy and with frill (®gure 2A). Frontal plates well developed and narrow mesial extensions meet in midline. First pediger fused with head; hinder margin of cephalon with four or ®ve robust spines (sometimes heavily eroded), with another two on each extension of the cephalon. Dorsal thoracic plates on pedigers 2±4. Pediger 2: plates separate, extending beyond tip of pediger 3 almost to level of posterior limit of plates of pediger 4; straight posterior margin with four sharp spines. Plates of pediger 3 and 4 fused at their bases; posterior margins with shallow sinuses. Plates of pediger 4 extend over base of genital double somite. Genital double somite: almost circular; with well-de®ned posterior projections (separated by a narrow sinus), each bearing an upturned triangular projection dorsally; often with a sub-marginal setospine either side near base of the sinus (but lacking in the holotype). Abdomen onesegmented covered dorsally by plate longer than wide and not extending to level of tips of caudal rami; margins at the greatest width of dorsal plate curved ventrally, giving the appearance, from dorsal aspect, of a slight projection: ventrally, joined broadly to genital double somite and posteriorly terminating in broad plate extending between bases of caudal rami. Caudal rami stout, curved, L-shaped in cross section; lateral surface is oblique proximally and follows line of abdomen to just beyond the widest point of dorsal abdominal plate beyond which level the caudal ramus is deēcted outwards and tapers to a terminal spine which recurves slightly back towards midline of the animal. Upper margin of caudal ramus is sharply de®ned beyond the stout spine, which marks the beginning of the curve outwards and carries a second smaller spine; ventral surface with tubercle near the proximo-lateral corner and with thin seta and small spine on the mesial edge. Oral area. Adhesion pads present at bases of antennule, antennae and maxillipeds. The surface structure of a pad is illustrated in ®gure 2B and C. Pads also present anteriorly on lateral expansions of thoracomere 2. Antennule (®gure 1C) of two articles: article 1 bearing 27 setospines, 21 stout and six small; article 2 bearing 12 naked, mostly curved, setae. Antenna of three articles (®gure 1D): terminal article bearing large curved terminal spine and two spines marginally; article 2 with two ventral spines, one mid-article on broad base, the other at the distal margin. Mouth tube (®gure 1E): of 10 females measured, oral cones 0.5±1.0 mm long, average 0.7 mm. Labrum ends in complex structure (®gure 2D). Labium with two terminal fringes of backwardly directed denticles (®gure 2D). Mandible (®gure 2D), with slender shaft ¯attened and dentate near the tip. Maxillule (®gure 1F) of two articles: basal article bearing 0 to two short setae; terminal article with large terminal, plus one small spine. Maxilla brachiform (®gure 1G): article 1 (lacertus) unarmed; article 2 (brachium) without ¯abellum, but with two distal spines, longer one fringed, shorter plumose; calamus bearing large claw with rows of spinules and apical patch of spinules. Maxilliped (®gure 1H) of two articles: basal article (corpus maxillipedus) stout with nacreous-like pad; article 2 (subchela) unequally bilobed, with nacreouslike pad, which works against pad of article 1. Legs 1±4 biramose, each ramus of two articles, with spine and setal formula as follows: Arabic numerals: setae. n P: plumose setae. Plumose setae are visible only at high magni®cations. Both rami of legs 1±3 (®gure 3A±C) with two articles. Both rami of leg 4 (®gure 3D) with one article; endopodite lacking spines. Leg 5 (®gure 3E) consisting of outer seta and inner lobe with single terminal spine. Adhesion pads and denticulate areas illustrated in ®gure 3A±D. Figure 2E shows detail of a denticulate region. Egg strings (®gure 3F) slender, approximately same length as body, slightly curved. Eggs disc shaped. Adult females vary in the extent of coloration. Colour patches dark chocolate± chestnut brown centrally shading outwards to transparent amber. Three colour patches occur on the cephalon, one anterior and triangular patches posterio-laterally. The considerable variation in the extent of separation to fusion between these three patches, resulting in considerable variation in the extent of amber-coloured areas about the eye spots, may be due to ontogenetic dierences. Colour patches also occur on frontal lobes; separately on segments 2 and 3 and at the bases of genital lobe projections; across most of segment 4 and abdominal segment (®gure 1A). Male (®gures 4, 5) Body form as in ®gure 4A and B. Length (not including setae on caudal rami) 5.2 ±7.2 mm (mean = 6.0 mm, n =5), width 2.9±4.3 mm (mean = 3.3 mm, n = 5) and height 0.84±0.94 mm (mean = 0.90, n = 5). Cephalon rounded when viewed dorsally with head and ®rst pediger fused. Segment 2 bears two pairs of dorsal spines; segments 3, 4 and 5 each bear one pair of dorsal spines. Pedigers 2± 4 free, without dorsal plates except for lateral wing-like plates on pediger 2. Genital double somite with posterior corners terminating in prominent triangular projection. Coiled spermatophores visible within genital double somite. Abdomen two-segmented. Caudal ramus bearing four long, plumose setae and series of ®ne setules along inner margin. Oral area as in female except for distribution of adhesion pads. Adhesion pad (®gure 4B) present at base of antennule (®gure 4C) approximatel y half the length, and positioned at greater angle towards centre of the cephalon, than is the case in the female. Small adhesion pad situated on base of antenna (®gure 4D). Absence of adhesion pads at base of maxilliped (®gure 4E) and on lateral projections of pediger 2. Legs 1±4 biramose, each ramus of two articles, with spine and setal formula as follows: Arabic numerals: setae. n P: plumose setae. Three sizes of setae are recognizable on the legs as follows: gigantic setae on article 1 of endopods 2±4; one very large, bipennate setae on article 1 of exopods 2 and 3 and three to eight setae on article 2 of all exopod and endopods; and smaller setae on both articles of exopods 1±4. Legs 1±4, ®gures 5A-D, which show the distribution of adhesion pads and denticulate areas. Leg 5 borne on genital double somite as lateral projection with three setae and one stout terminal spine. Leg 6 consisting of two setospines, outer longer than inner, borne on genital double somite near the origin of the abdomen. Colour in life is pale pink and devoid of darker pigment. Etymology Rhincodonicus refers to the host of the copepods, the whale shark, Rhincodon typus.Published as part of Norman, B. M., Newbound, D. R. & Knott, B., 2000, A new species of Pandaridae (Copepoda), from the whale shark Rhincodon typus (Smith), pp. 355-366 in Journal of Natural History 34 (3) on pages 357-364, DOI: 10.1080/002229300299534, http://zenodo.org/record/475739
The works of Mary Birkett Card 1774-1817 originally collected by her son Nathaniel Card in 1834: an edited transcription with an introduction to her life and works in two volumes
No full textThis thesis makes available the writings of Mary Birkett Card, a Dublin Quaker,
as collected by her son Nathaniel Card in 1834. It provides an annotated
transcription of the manuscript collection, with textual and editorial notes, and
an introduction recovering her life within her cultural community. The writings
consist of a spiritual autobiography, 43 religious letters, other prose pieces and
over 220 poems. Two poems were published in her lifetime: A Poem on the
African Slave Trade (1792) and Lines to the Memory of our Late Esteemed and
Justly Valued Friend Joseph Williams (1807).
The introduction is in three parts. Part 1 offers a biographical outline and sets
Mary Birkett Card's childhood poems in the context of the Quaker community in
which she grew up. Part 2 explores her autobiography, questioning concepts
of a separate female autobiographical tradition. It then investigates her
encounter with 'deist' thought, and later conflicts, after her marriage. These
concern money (seeking to reconcile the spiritual and material) and issues of
language and gender (a desire for'a pure language', linked to constraints upon
women's speech). Part 3 contrasts her 1790s verse with her later poems, and
epistles, arguing that embedded within these works as a whole lies a struggle
with her literary imagination.
Throughout, the writings are set within the context of contemporary literary
forms in poetry, Quaker writing and women's writing. They are considered in
relation to now current critical debates - on public and private spheres,
autobiography, abolitionist verse, women's intimate friendships, domesticity,
philanthropy and sensibility. It is shown that Mary Birkett Card's literary
creativity was intimately connected with her Quakerism, and, moreover, with
attempts to negotiate an ideal of Quaker womanhood. One important aspect is
the challenge her work poses to assumptions, still generally prevalent, about
Quaker women's far greater autonomy within marriage in comparison to
women in society at large
Genetics of bovine vaccination
No full textInfectious disease is an important issue for animal breeders, farmers and
governments. Solutions to control infectious disease are needed and research focused
on the genetic loci determining variation in immune-related traits has the potential to
deliver solutions. The primary aim of this thesis is to discover regions of the bovine
genome which influence the immune response post immunisation. To accomplish
this two types of immunising agents, a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)
peptide (FMDV15) and a commercial vaccine for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial
Virus (BRSV), were used to immunise the second generation (F2 and backcrosses) of
the Roslin Bovine Genome (RoBoGen) herd, a Charolais Holstein cross population.
The FMDV15 peptide consisted of two sections of the VP1 protein located on the
FMDV capsid, together encompassing the major neutralising antibody sites that are
known to be immunogenic. Protection against FMDV is generally believed to relate
to the levels of neutralising antibody and has been correlated with IgG1 and IgG2
levels as well as interferon- . In addition it has been shown that T cell responses also
play a role in protection against FMDV. Thus all of these were used as phenotypic
measurements post immunisation to the FMDV15 peptide. The BRSV vaccine used
was an attenuated live vaccine. Protective mechanisms against BRSV infection
include IgA, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM BRSV-specific antibodies and antibody titres
particularly those of the IgG isotypes are considered to be correlates of protection.
Thus, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels were measured post vaccination with the
BRSV vaccine. All phenotypes were measured across time, and allowed analysis of
the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses.
Both agents caused considerable variation in the phenotypes measured post
immunisation, with significant responses detected two weeks post immunisation.
REstricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) analysis attributed much of this variation
to sire, highlighting the heritable component, and environmental effects. Significant
positive correlations were detected across time within each trait for both the FMDV
and BRSV responses. The FMDV and BRSV antibody levels also correlated with
each other at later time points, suggesting that there may be animals which are
genetically predisposed to be high or low responders in general. Initially a linkage
mappingapproach was followed using 165 microsatellite markers, which detected 77
QTL in response to the FMDV peptide and 27 QTL in response to the BRSV
vaccine. There were some overlapping QTL, for example QTL which spanned the
Major Histocompatibility Complex. Further analysis was conducted by developing a
Perl scripted program which genotyped the RoBoGen herd in two ways; 1) Single
Nucleotide Polymorphism(s) (SNP) were genotyped within the confidence intervals
of the previously discovered QTL and 2) SNP were genotyped via a candidate gene
approach. Association study methodology, accounting for relationship stratification
via principal components of the genetic relationship matrix, was used to detect
significant SNP, in response to both the FMDV peptide and the BRSV vaccine.
Twenty significant SNP associations were discovered across 19 traits, with some
SNP located in genes with known biological relevance to an immune response, such
as the Toll-Like Receptors (TLR), TLR4 and TLR8.
This thesis has detected regions of the genome which are significantly associated
with the immune responses elicited by two different agents, suggesting similar
pathway(s)/gene(s) may be used in defence of multiple pathogens. Once regions of
significance were detected, further analysis using SNP markers identified significant,
non-synonymous SNP that were associated with the immunising agents. The novel
markers discovered in this study may aid breeding for resistance to disease via
marker assisted selection. In addition, they may also have highlighted new targets for
vaccinologists to develop ‘next generation’ vaccines
Linkage and Association Mapping for Quantitative Phenotypes in Isolated Populations
No full textThis thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.
Pharmacological Emergency management of Agitation in Children and Young people: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of intraMuscular medication (PEAChY-M)
No full textIntroduction: Acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) is a condition seen with increasing frequency in emergency departments (EDs) in adults and young people. Despite the increasing number of presentations and significant associated risks to patients, families and caregivers, there is limited evidence to guide the most effective pharmacological management in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to determine whether a single dose of intramuscular olanzapine is more effective than intramuscular droperidol at successfully sedating young people with ASBD requiring intramuscular sedation. Methods and analysis: This study is a multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial. Young people aged between 9 and 17 years and 364 days presenting to an ED with ASBD who are deemed to require medication for behavioural containment will be recruited to the study. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 allocation between a single weight-based dose of intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular droperidol. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants who achieve successful sedation at 1-hour post randomisation without the need for additional sedation. Secondary outcomes will include assessing for adverse events, additional medications provided in the ED, further episodes of ASBD, length of stay in the ED and hospital and satisfaction with management. Effectiveness will be determined using an intention-to-treat analysis, with medication efficacy determined as part of the secondary outcomes using a per-protocol analysis. The primary outcome of successful sedation at 1 hour will be presented as a percentage within each treatment group, with comparisons presented as a risk difference with its 95% CIs. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was received from the Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/69948/RCHM-2021). This incorporated a waiver of informed consent for the study. The findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and at academic conferences. Trial registration number: ACTRN12621001238864.Elyssia M Bourke, Meredith L Borland, Amit Kochar, Shane George, Deborah Shellshear, Shefali Jani, Kent Perkins, Doris Tham, Michael Solomon Gordon, Kate Klein, Chidambaram Prakash, Katherine Lee, Andrew Davidson, Jonathan C Knott, Simon Craig, Franz E Babl, On behalf of the Paediatric research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT
survey of senior medical staff
No full textObjective: Acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) is a condition seen with increasing frequency in EDs. It poses a significant risk to the patient and those around them. Little is known about the epidemiology or most effective management in the paediatric population. The aim of the present study is to clarify the practice of senior emergency doctors in Australia when managing paediatric ASBD. Methods: The present study was a voluntary electronic questionnaire distributed to and undertaken by senior medical staff in EDs affiliated with the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) network. Respondents reported on exposure to and confidence in managing paediatric ASBD and their current practices. Results: A total of 227 (33%) clinicians completed the survey between February and May 2020. Most clinicians were caring for at least two young people with ASBD each week (72%), felt confident regarding the majority of components of management and referred to local clinical practice guidelines (69%). Agitation/sedation rating scales were seldom used (19%). There was a significant variation in self-reported management practices. The choice of whether to use medication at all, the medication chosen and route of administration all varied greatly. Respondents were more willing to provide parenteral medication to young people reported as having recreational drug intoxication (84%) than those with neurodevelopment disorders (65%) when the same degree of agitation was reported. Conclusions: Within Australia, there is considerable variation in paediatric ASBD practice, in particular regarding medication provision. Further prospective research is required to inform best clinical practice.Full Tex
Science for Success: Soybean plant population density
No full textSoybean seed costs are about 40% of the variable costs in soybean production, and optimizing seeding rate will help to produce high yields without overspending on variable costs. Generally, soybeans require higher seeding rates and more plants per acre in the Northern United States and in later-planted fields across the US. Soybean typically requires fewer plants and lower seeding rates for much of the Midwestern and Southern US when timely planting occurs.This article is published as Conley, S., D. Holshouser, M. Inman, C. Lee, L. Lindsey, M. Licht, H. Kandel, J. Kleinjan, C. Knott, S. Naeve, E. Nafziger, J. Ross, M. Singh, and R. Vann. 2021. Science for Success: Soybean plant population density. Soybean Research & Information Network, United Soybean Board. Copyright 2021 Soybean Research & Information Newtwork. Posted with permission
Faith, feeling and gender in the writing of Hartley, Wollstonecraft and Blake
No full textThis thesis examines David Hartley’s Observations on Man (1749) and elucidates how Hartley’s mechanical approach to mind, his conception of emotion, and the religious status he awards the body were newly relevant after 1791. In this way it identifies a ‘Hartlean culture’ within the Romantic period and seeks to explore how such an intellectual climate influenced the radical writers William Blake (1757–1827) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). Blake and Wollstonecraft were acquainted with the famous bookseller Joseph Johnson, who republished Observations on Man in various forms and versions between 1775 and 1801. They also had an association with Johnson’s circle; the Hartlean concepts found throughout their work evidence Hartley’s latent popularity within intellectual culture, as well as the writers’ engagement with contemporary philosophical ideas. I propose that the renewed curiosity in Hartley during the 1790s reveals a specific religious and revolutionary culture wherein non-conformist views about Christianity and new ideas about the body, emotion and women flourished. Such a cultural moment renders Hartley a particularly important figure for debate since he integrated progressive values about equality and faith alongside advancing understanding of anatomy and mind. Hartley identified how God and happiness could be found physically within each person. He did this by combining a complex theory of vibrations and theory of association, where the body and mind functioned mechanically through a person’s feelings of pleasure and pain. These feelings manifested as physical vibrations and eventually led every person to desire goodness until finally, they can become ‘Godlike’ themselves. Hartley’s amalgamation of Christian and new theoretical concepts appealed to Blake and Wollstonecraft, and was much unlike the approach of Joseph Priestley who abridged Observations in 1775 to promote a wholly ‘scientific’ text. In this way, we can see resonances between Hartley, Blake and Wollstonecraft, even if they existed in different cultural contexts. In rethinking Blake and Wollstonecraft through Hartley, I offer new insights into their feminism. In particular I attend to how Hartlean culture enabled these writers to re-imagine gender and emotion: Wollstonecraft reinstates the female experience back into Hartlean concepts in order to promote women’s emotional potential and what she understands as the special power of the female-female bond. Blake responds to both Wollstonecraft and Hartley with his elevation of the feminine, one that envisions new potential for both sexes, emotionally and spiritually. In both cases, the writers share a fascination for the image of the female saviour, and they use terminology and concepts found in Hartley’s work to communicate their views. In being attentive to the shared vocabulary and ideas of these three writers’ works, this thesis highlights the importance of David Hartley and Hartlean culture for the field of Romantic Studies. It also illuminates Observations on Man as a vital contribution to the intellectual context of the 1790s
Science for Success: How to pick the right soybean row spacing
No full textMechanism behind narrow row yield advantages: The primary driver of the yield advantage from narrow rows is more light interception, with more sunlight driving more photosynthesis and growth. Narrow row yield advantages are typically greater with later planting dates, earlier maturing varieties, and high temperatures, all of which reduce the time from VE (emergence) to R3 (initial pod set).This article is published as Conley, S., D. Holshouser, M. Inman, C. Lee, L. Lindsey, M. Licht, H. Kandel, J. Kleinjan, C. Knott, S. Naeve, E. Nafziger, J. Ross, M. Singh, and R. Vann. 2021. Science for Success: How to pick the right soybean row spacing. Soybean Research & Information Network, United Soybean Board. Copyright 2021 Soybean Research & Information Network. Posted with permission
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