182 research outputs found
Authoring Technical Documents for Effective Retrieval
No full textAbstract. In this paper we outline the design considerations and application of a methodology to author technical documents in order to improve retrieval. Our approach is firmly aimed at large organizations where variations in terminology at personal, national and international scales often impede retrieval of relevant knowledge. We first present the difficulties in performing entity extraction in technical domains and the role variation in terminology has in the information extraction task before outlining and evaluating a methodology that allows for effective retrieval
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Assessing trust : contextual accountability
No full textThe need to assess the trustworthiness of a piece of information has become a prevalent issue due to web vandalism and the openness of platforms such as wikis. In this paper we introduce the notion of contextual accountability: Holding the author of a given statement accountable by deriving a path from the statement to the author’s credentials. We present our own trust vector model as a combination of the assessment of these credentials covering two aspects; knowledgeability and social acceptance. This model is put to the test using two datasets and the results are presented and discussed
Impaired selection of invariant natural killer T cells in diverse mouse models of glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases
No full textGlycolipid ligands for invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are loaded onto CD1d molecules in the late endosome/lysosome. Accumulation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in lysosomal storage diseases could potentially influence endogenous and exogenous lipid loading and/or presentation and, thus, affect iNKT cell selection or function. The percentages and frequency of iNKT cells were reduced in multiple mouse models of lysosomal GSL storage disease, irrespective of the specific genetic defect or lipid species stored. Reduced numbers of iNKT cells resulted in the absence of cytokine production in response to alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) and reduced iNKT cell-mediated lysis of wild-type targets loaded with alpha-GalCer. The reduction in iNKT cells did not result from defective expression of CD1d or a lack of antigen-presenting cells. Although H-2 restricted CD4(+) T cell responses were generally unaffected, processing of a lysosome-dependent analogue of alpha-GalCer was impaired in all the strains of mice tested. These data suggest that GSL storage may result in alterations in thymic selection of iNKT cells caused by impaired presentation of selecting ligands.<br/
The equity premium in 100 textbooks
No full textI review 100 finance and valuation textbooks published between 1979 and 2008 by authors such as Brealey and Myers, Copeland, Damodaran, Merton, Ross, Bruner, Bodie, Penman, Weston, Brigham and Arzac and find that their recommendations regarding the equity premium range from 3% to 10%. I also find that several books use different equity premia on different pages. Some of the confusion arises from not distinguishing among the four concepts that the term equity premium designates: historical equity premium, expected equity premium, required equity premium and implied equity premium. Finance textbooks should clarify the equity premium by providing distinguishing definitions of these four concepts and conveying a clearer message about their sensible magnitudes.equity premium; equity premium puzzle; required market risk premium; historical market risk premium; expected market risk premium; risk premium; market risk premium; market premium;
Focus 2017
No full textA magazine for alumnae, alumni and friends of the Boston University School of Theology community
PUblications Metadata Augmentation (PUMA) pipeline
No full text\ua9 2021 Butters OW et al.Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time - often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality of study publications is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study\u27s data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citation counts in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating study impact metrics and web-based graphics for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science. We use a previously published list of publications from a cohort study as an exemplar input data set to show the output and utility of the pipeline here
Terminology recognition in the aerospace domain
No full textThe objects and phenomena within the world around us are frequently shared. Common understandings, intuition, and common sense allow people to communicate ideas and instructions by identifying the semantics of the words used. When we communicate these ideas through text, we rely on strings of characters to carry semantics, and through these, because of common understandings, intuition, and common sense we are often able to gain back the references to the original ideas. As people's capacity to express their ideas through text is unbounded, the task of deciphering original meanings when synonyms and term variations are involved can be challenging, trying to do this task automatically is more so. The body of work within this thesis aims to identify and then overcome the challenges in automatically recognising the terminology used for concepts within the aerospace domain. The main achievements of this thesis include new knowledge about the use of terminology in this safety critical and highly technical domain, knowledge that approaches which are often impractical in open and alternate domains may be applicable due to the aerospace domain's unique nature, and an approach to automatically recognising terminology for the purposes of knowledge management. The approach involves constructing an explicit model of the domain (afforded by its closed nature), and then leveraging it along with exploiting the combinatorial nature of aerospace domain terms in an extraction methodology. Extraction is performed using a novel, hybrid dictionary and machine learning based technique which is shown to perform better than existing dictionary, statistics, and machine learning techniques. This thesis is organised into four parts, the first part provides a survey of the aerospace domain and state of the art methods by which terminology is recognised. The second part documents several investigations into the real-world use of terminology within and across aerospace-based communities in order to provide an understanding on how terminology should be recognised and generate a set of requirements. The third part details the proposed approach and presents a novel, patent-pending methodology to fulfil the requirements. The fourth part concludes this thesis with a summary and by v answering the original research questions, before discussing possible lines of future work.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Sustainable Living and Urban Density: The Choices are Wide Open
No full textAbstractRapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, means that the worldwide tradition of living in low-rise housing is giving way to life in urban apartments. This implies huge environmental and sociocultural changes. For sustainability, dense cities offer some advantages, including efficient land use and transport systems. But there are also many possible negatives of such urbanization, and particularly for lower income groups.A widespread model is high-rise urban “superblocks”. The reasoning is often said to be the need to house many people in very compact cities. This argument is not strictly true. Equally high population densities can be achieved in several ways, including quite low-rise, with equal energy efficiency as well as environmental and social qualities. We explore these choices and assess options for sustainable living in future urban residential areas.Life cycle analysis is often applied to individual buildings but less often to urban development seen as a whole. We suggest some important “new” considerations need to be taken into account in deciding which urban forms to choose. In particular, high-rise as compared to low-dense options have implications as regards embodied energy, recurrent costs, flexibility and post use, which have to date been little discussed in the research literature
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