11 research outputs found
Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of <i>Telfairia occidentalis</i> on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Rats
No full textChanges in activities of tissues enzymes in rats administered <i>Ficus exasperata</i> leaf extract
No full textIn vitro screening of angiotensin converting enzyme and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitory activities in lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from fermented sorghum gruels
No full textBackground
3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, which are oxidative-stress linked conditions of public health importance. The adverse effects associated with standard clinical drugs used to inhibit these enzymes have prompted the search for alternative sources. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts isolated from fermented sorghum gruels.
Material and methods
LAB and yeast isolates were obtained and characterized using standard methods. The HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibitory activities of the microbial isolates were evaluated using established protocols.
Results
Screening of LAB for HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibitory activities revealed that at concentrations (mg/ml) of 6, 12, 24, and 48, Lactobacillus pentosus WSL5 exhibited the highest %HMG-CoA reductase inhibition of 3.21, 6.42, 9.17, and 12.84, with corresponding ACE inhibitory activities of 6.38, 13.17, 18.13, and 23.47, respectively. At concentrations (mg/ml) of 1, 2, 4, and 8, the yeast isolates Trichomonascus ciferri RSY53 demonstrated %HMG-CoA reductase inhibition of 7.71, 11.47, 14.68, and 16.97, with corresponding ACE inhibitory activities of 11.83, 20.91, 34.73, and 48.28, respectively. Furthermore, L. pentosus WSL5 recorded the lowest HMG-CoA reductase half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 219.72 µg/ml and ACE IC 50 of 116.22 µg/ml, while T. ciferri RSY53 had even lower IC 50 values of 29.55 µg/ml for HMG-CoA reductase and 7.03 µg/ml for ACE inhibition compared to the controls.
Conclusions
L. pentosus WSL5 and T. ciferri RSY53 can be considered potential starter cultures for the fermentation of functional foods aimed at supporting cardiovascular health
Reactive Oxygen Species in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implications in Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies
No full textKaempferol alleviates neurodegenerative disorders induced by Naja nigricollis venom via mechanisms of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, dopaminergic and neuronal functions
No full textNaja nigricollis venom (NnV) contains neurotoxins that influence neurological functions. Kaempferol is a bioactive compound present in edible plants with numerous pharmacological activities. This study investigated the ameliorative potential of kaempferol against NnV-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 10). Group 1 rats were the control while 1.0 mg/kg−1 (LD50) of NnV was injected intraperitoneally into rats in groups 2–5 to observed neurotoxicity. Group 2 was untreated post envenomation, while groups 3–5 were treated with polyvalent antivenom, 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. The biochemical analysis, neurotoxicity, and pathomorphological defects were assessed in the brain of the envenomed treated rats. Envenomation with NnV elevated oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, and induced neurotoxicity accompanied with neurobehavioral deficits, and severe pathohistological defects were seen in the brain of untreated envenomed rats. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly (p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and upregulated levels of reduce glutathione (GSH) antioxidant including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzymes, while inflammatory biomarkers; nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly decreased in envenomed treated groups. Kaempferol upregulated dopamine concentration with significant suppression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, and restored neurobehavioral and locomotor activities in envenomed treated rats. Also, severe pathomorphological alterations observed in the cortex of the brain were attenuated after kaempferol treatment. The underlaying ameliorative mechanisms of kaempferol are linked to its antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity, acetylcholinesterase suppression, and alleviation of dopamine system and neurobehavioral abilities
Assessing the ability of polysaccharides extracted from date palm fruit to salvage Wistar rats from cisplatin-linked hepatic damage
No full textBackground: Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug utilized in the treatment of many solid-tissue cancers; it is associated with several organ toxicities. For ages, Phoenix Dactylifera, known as the '' large jujube '' or '' dà zǎo,'' in Chinese traditional medicine, has been employed for several medicinal applications. The present study assesses the role of Date Fruit Polysaccharides (DFP) in cisplatin-induced liver injury Method: Rats were intraperitoneally treated with a single therapeutic dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) and then orally treated daily with or without 50/100 mg/kg body weight of DFP for 7 successive days.The salvaging effects of DFP were assessed on Cisplatin-induced hepatic damage, by investigating the hepatic function markers, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, with histopathological assessment of the liver morphology by hematoxylin/eosin stain. To elucidate the contents, functional groups, and antioxidative potentials of DFP, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and in vitro antioxidative assays were analysed. Results: Exposure to a single dose of cisplatin led to a considerable escalation in the tested hepatic function biomarkers (ALP and ALT), with an associated upsurge in levels/activities of malondialdehyde, cytokines, myeloperoxidase and a significant drop in the level of GSH (P < 0.05) in the liver as compared to the control. Moreover, there is also an obvious decline in antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD and GPx) activities. Contrarily, post-treatment with DFP significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the heightened hepatic function markers, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress dose-dependently. Analysis of chemical constituents, functional groups, and in vitro activities demonstrated important monosaccharides and antioxidative properties of DFP. Conclusion: This study shows the ability of DFP to serve as a probable salvaging agent in hepatic damage associated with cisplatin treatment
Cardio-nephrotoxicity mediated by Echis ocellatus venom and its amelioration through kaempferol’s suppressive effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis expression
No full textAbstract Background Echis ocellatus venom toxins have the ability to impact multiple organ systems subsequent to envenomation. Kaempferol have been reported to have several therapeutic benefits. In this study, the therapeutic value of kaempferol was investigated in relation to the cardio-nephrotoxicity in rats resulting from E. ocellatus envenoming. Methods Fifty male wistar rats were allotted unbiased into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 was the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were envenomed with LD50 of E. ocellatus venom (0.22 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was not treated after envenomation while groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with polyvalent antivenom, 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. Results E. ocellatus envenomation caused considerable reduction in organ weight and relative organ weight in the envenomed untreated rats. The venom induced intense oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic damage to the cardiac and renal tissues accompanied with severe histomorphology in the organ tissues of untreated envenomed rats. In contrast, kaempferol treatment post-envenomation attenuated the venom-induced cardio-nephrotoxic responses in a dose dependent effect. Kaempferol substantially (p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde levels while enhancing reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the heart and kidney of envenomed treated rats. Treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol successfully decreased nitric oxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity. Overexpression of apoptotic caspase 3 and caspase 9 in cardiac and renal tissues were suppressed by kaempferol (p < 0.05). The histopathological result supports kaempferol’s ameliorative ability by convalescing the severe morphological alterations of cardiac and renal tissues induced by the venom. Conclusion Findings elucidate the significance of kaempferol as promising agent in the management of cardio-nephrotoxicity resulting from snakebite envenoming
Water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera fruits as potential reno-protective agent against cisplatin-induced toxicity: pre- and post-treatment strategies
No full textNephrotoxicity is the major side effect of cisplatin, an effective platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is applicable in the treatment of several solid-tissue cancers. Studies have indicated that certain water-soluble phenolics offer renal protection. Thus, this study investigates the role of pre and post-treatment of rats with water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera (PdP) against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Rats were either orally pretreated or post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of PdP before or after exposure to a single therapeutic dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 successive days intraperitoneally. The protective effects of PdP against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was based on the evaluation of various biochemical and redox biomarkers, together with histopathological examination of kidney tissues. The composition, structural features, and antioxidative influence of PdP were determined based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and in vitro antioxidative models. Cisplatin single exposure led to a substantial increase in the tested renal function biomarkers (uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels), associated with an increase in malondialdehyde indicating lipid peroxidation and a significant decline (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the renal tissue when compared with the control group. A marked decline exists in the kidney antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD, and GPx). Nevertheless, treatment with PdP significantly suppressed the heightened renal function markers, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Spectroscopic analysis revealed significant medicinal phenolics, and in vitro tests demonstrated antioxidative properties. Taken together, results from this study indicate that pre- and/or post-treatment strategies of PdP could serve therapeutic purposes in cisplatin-induced renal damage. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Bitter Leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina) Modulates Nitrobenzene-Induced Renal Damage in Rats Via Suppression of Oxido-Inflammatory Activities
No full textKaempferol mitigates reproductive dysfunctions induced by Naja nigricollis venom through antioxidant system and anti-inflammatory response in male rats
No full textAbstract Naja nigricollis Venom (NnV) contains complex toxins that affects various vital systems functions after envenoming. The venom toxins have been reported to induce male reproductive disorders in envenomed rats. This present study explored the ameliorative potential of kaempferol on NnV-induced male reproductive toxicity. Fifty male wistar rats were sorted randomly into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 were noted as the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were injected with LD50 of NnV (1.0 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was left untreated post envenomation while group 3 was treated with 0.2 ml of polyvalent antivenom. Groups 4 and 5 were treated with 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. NnV caused substantial reduction in concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while sperm motility, volume and counts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in envenomed untreated rats. The venom enhanced malondialdehyde levels and substantially decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the testes and epididymis of envenomed untreated rats. Additionally, epididymal and testicular myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels were elevated which substantiated severe morphological defects noticed in the reproductive organs. However, treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol normalized the reproductive hormones with significant improvement on sperm functional parameters. Elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in testis and epididymis were suppressed post kaempferol treatment. Severe histopathological lesions in the epididymal and testicular tissues were ameliorated in the envenomed treated groups. Results highlights the significance of kaempferol in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced after snakebite envenoming
