1,721,030 research outputs found
elearning for cancer immunotherapy
No full textAdvances in cancer immunotherapy witnessed over the last decade with the licensing of numerous immune checkpoint inhibitors have greatly increased the application of this approach to treating advanced cancers. As a result, the number of health care professionals involved in the care of patients receiving immunotherapy treatments has grown. While the benefits can be significant, not all patients will experience them and toxicity can profound. elearning tools can help increase knowledge around the mechanisms, benefits and side effects of immunotherapies among clinical staff supporting patients undertaking such treatments
Current treatment paradigms for advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma
No full textThe treatment of advanced classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) has evolved over the last 50 years with a progressive improvement in long term cure rates in patients up to the age of 60 years. However, a minority of these survivors experience severe morbidity and mortality resulting from intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to a drive to de-escalate treatment without compromising survival. The early identification of patients with chemoresistant disease by functional imaging allows the modulation of therapy and an efficient means to test new agents in those most in need of more effective therapy. The outcomes of treatment for older patients have not improved at the same rate, and this group requires a different approach, incorporating specialist geriatric support to personalise therapy. Clinical trials that focus on quality of life, comorbidity and survival are needed to improve survival rates for this expanding population with complex needs.</p
Molecular remission and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
No full textNon-Hodgkin's lymphomas are highly sensitive to treatment and complete clinical responses are often achieved. However, disease recurrence is common and is caused by the persistence of malignant lymphoma cells at a level below the limits of detection by conventional assessment such as clinical examination, bone marrow morphology and CT scans. This minimal residual disease can be detected using molecular techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and treatments capable of eliminating minimal residual disease are described as producing molecular remission. Molecular assessment is now commonly used as a measure of outcome in clinical trials of novel therapies for the treatment of lymphoma. The evidence for using molecular remission as a surrogate marker of clinical response in this setting is reviewed and the significance of minimal residual disease in determining prognosis and planning treatment strategies is addressed
Response-adapted therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma
No full text Journal supplement: 14th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma Palazzo dei Congressi, Lugano (Switzerland) 14-17 June, 201
BAG-1 inhibits PPARgamma-induced cell death, but not PPARgamma-induced transcription, cell cycle arrest or differentiation in breast cancer cells
No full textBAG-1 is a pleiotropic protein that exists as multiple isoforms. BAG-1 overexpression in breast cancer is associated with outcome. BAG-1 modulates the function of various nuclear hormone receptors, including the oestrogen receptor, and BAG-1 can influence the in vitro action of anti-hormonal therapies such as cyproterone acetate in prostate cancer. Activation of PPAR gamma, a nuclear hormone receptor important for lipid and glucose homeostasis, may present a new therapeutic approach for breast cancer, since PPAR gamma agonists promote cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Here we determined whether BAG-1 also modulated PPAR gamma function in MCF7 cells. 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J(2) (15dPGJ(2)), an agonistic ligand for PPAR gamma, induced expression of HSP70, a BAG-1 binding partner, but did not alter BAG-1 isoform expression. Overexpression of BAG-1 isoforms did not alter PPAR gamma-dependent transcription or interfere with 15dPGJ(2)-induced cell cycle arrest or differentiation. However, overexpression of BAG-1 isoforms did interfere with induction of cell death by 15dPGJ(2). Thus, BAG-1 is unlikely to directly modulate PPAR gamma function, but the overexpression of BAG-1 in some breast cancers may limit the efficacy of PPAR gamma agonists as cancer therapies, by suppression of PPAR gamma-induced cell death pathways
Chemotherapy: advanced Hodgkin lymphoma - balancing toxicity and cure
No full textThe combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine (ABVD) has emerged as a standard of care in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma over the past four decades. Clinicians treating patients with cancer frequently walk a tightrope where the requirements of efficacy have to be balanced against the morbidity caused by the treatment
Mcl-1
No full textMcl-1 is a Bcl-2 family protein which can act as an apical molecule in apoptosis control, promoting cell survival by interfering at an early stage in a cascade of events leading to release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Mcl-1 has a short half life and is a highly regulated protein, induced by a wide range of survival signals and also rapidly down regulated during apoptosis. Mcl-1 can also readily be cleaved by caspases during apoptosis to produce a cell death promoting molecule. The multiple levels of control of Mcl-1 expression suggest that Mcl-1 plays a critical role in controlling life and death decisions in response to rapidly changing environmental cues and Mcl-1 is required for embryonic development and the function of the immune system. Expression of Mcl-1 may be useful in informing decision making in the treatment of various cancers, and countering Mcl-1 function may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in malignancy, inflammatory conditions and infectious disease where Mcl-1 may play a major role in suppressing apoptosis
(18)F-FDG PET/CT in lymphoma: Has imaging-directed personalized medicine become a reality?
No full textPET/CT using (18)F-FDG is an essential part of the management of patients with lymphoma. Efforts to standardize PET acquisition and reporting, including the 5-point Deauville scale, have enabled PET to become a surrogate for treatment success or failure in common lymphoma subtypes. This review summarizes the key clinical-trial evidence that supports PET-directed personalized approaches in lymphoma. PET-guided therapy has improved outcomes in Hodgkin lymphoma, using less chemotherapy and more selective radiotherapy. Attempts to intensify chemotherapy in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas have, however, proved ineffective in patients treated with rituximab and chemotherapy. Trials are under way to determine whether PET can obviate consolidation radiotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. More recently, PET has been reported to be a reliable predictor of outcome in follicular lymphoma requiring treatment, and prospective trials to test PET-guided therapy in this disease are anticipated.</p
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