348 research outputs found
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIn the article, Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access, the degree designations were omitted for Jane A. Weintraub, DDS, MPH. The author byline was corrected on August 14, 2020, and the article appears online at https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0266.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused.[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200266.]
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140583.]. In the article \u201cEffectiveness of Fresh to You, a Discount Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Market in Low-Income Neighborhoods, on Children\u2019s Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Rhode Island, 2010\u20132011,\u201d we inadvertently listed an author affiliation for Sara Gorham incorrectly. Ms. Gorham is affiliated with the Institute for Community Health Promotion, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island. The changes were made to our website on October 16, 2015, and appear online at http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0583.htm. We regret any inconvenience or confusion this error may have caused
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textTrends in Mortality Among Females in the United States, 1900-2010: Progress and Challenges.Hahn RA, Chang MH, Parrish RG, Teutsch SM, Jones WK.Prev Chronic Dis. 2018 Mar 8;15:E30. doi: 10.5888/pcd15.170284.Because of an author error, references in the appendixes of the art- icle \u201cTrends in Mortality Among Females in the United States, 1900\u20132010: Progress and Challenges\u201d were incorrectly numbered. The article was corrected on May 30, 2018, and can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0284.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textErratum, Vol. 12, May 7 release. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review.A change to an author name in the byline of the article \u201cUse of Culturally Focused Theoretical Frameworks for Adapting Dia- betes Prevention Programs: A Qualitative Review\u201d has been made. Dr Ana A. Baumann\u2019s name was incorrectly spelled in the origin- al release and has been corrected. The change was made to our website on May 12, 2015, and appears online at http:// www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0421.htm. We regret any con- fusion or inconvenience this error may have caused
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.160083.].In the article \u201cAdoption of a Tai Chi Intervention, Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance, for Fall Prevention by Rural Faith- Based Organizations, 2013\u20132014\u201d the author inadvertently omit- ted a citation:3. Li F, Harmer P, Fisher KJ, McAuley E, Chaumeton N, Eckstrom E, et al. Tai Chi and fall reductions in older adults: a randomized con- trolled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60(2):187\u201394.The article was corrected on August 19, 2016, and appears online at http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0083.htm. We regret any inconvenience this omission may have caused
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textErratum for: We Run This City: Impact of a Community-School Fitness Program on Obesity, Health, and Fitness. Borawski EA, Jones SD, Yoder LD, Taylor T, Clint BA, Goodwin MA, Trapl ES. Prev Chronic Dis. 2018 May 3;15:E52. doi: 10.5888/pcd15.160471.Because of a technical error, an incorrect version of the article \u201cWe Run This City: Impact of a Community\u2013School Fitness Program on Obesity, Health, and Fitness\u201d appeared on our website. The PDF version of the article was correct as published.Major corrections were to add the middle initial for author Meredith A. Goodwin and to correct the degree for Barbara A. Clint to BA. Other differences were several editorial changes to the article.The article was corrected on May 4, 2018, and appears online at https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/16_0471.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused
DNAH6 and Its Interactions with PCD Genes in Heterotaxy and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
No full textFull author list omitted for brevity. For full list of authors see article.Heterotaxy, a birth defect involving left-right patterning defects, and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a sinopulmonary disease with dyskinetic/immotile cilia in the airway are seemingly disparate diseases. However, they have an overlapping genetic etiology involving mutations in cilia genes, a reflection of the common requirement for motile cilia in left-right patterning and airway clearance. While PCD is a monogenic recessive disorder, heterotaxy has a more complex, largely non-monogenic etiology. In this study, we show mutations in the novel dynein gene DNAH6 can cause heterotaxy and ciliary dysfunction similar to PCD. We provide the first evidence that trans-heterozygous interactions between DNAH6 and other PCD genes potentially can cause heterotaxy. DNAH6 was initially identified as a candidate heterotaxy/PCD gene by filtering exome-sequencing data from 25 heterotaxy patients stratified by whether they have airway motile cilia defects. dnah6 morpholino knockdown in zebrafish disrupted motile cilia in Kupffer's vesicle required for left-right patterning and caused heterotaxy with abnormal cardiac/gut looping. Similarly DNAH6 shRNA knockdown disrupted motile cilia in human and mouse respiratory epithelia. Notably a heterotaxy patient harboring heterozygous DNAH6 mutation was identified to also carry a rare heterozygous PCD-causing DNAI1 mutation, suggesting a DNAH6/DNAI1 trans-heterozygous interaction. Furthermore, sequencing of 149 additional heterotaxy patients showed 5 of 6 patients with heterozygous DNAH6 mutations also had heterozygous mutations in DNAH5 or other PCD genes. We functionally assayed for DNAH6/DNAH5 and DNAH6/DNAI1 trans-heterozygous interactions using subthreshold double-morpholino knockdown in zebrafish and showed this caused heterotaxy. Similarly, subthreshold siRNA knockdown of Dnah6 in heterozygous Dnah5 or Dnai1 mutant mouse respiratory epithelia disrupted motile cilia function. Together, these findings support an oligogenic disease model with broad relevance for further interrogating the genetic etiology of human ciliopathies
Vibration assisted machining: Modelling, simulation, optimization, control and applications
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University, 30/11/2010.Increasing demand for precision components made of hard and brittle materials such as glasses, steel alloys and advanced ceramics, is such that conventional grinding and polishing techniques can no longer meet the requirements of today's precision manufacturing engineering. Particularly, in order to undertake micro-milling of optical glasses or other hard-machining materials, vibration assisted machining techniques have been adopted. However, it is essential and much needed to undertake such processes based on a scientific approach, i.e. the process to be quantitatively controlled and optimized rather than carried out with a trial-and-error manner.
In this research, theoretical modelling and instrumental implementation issues for vibration assisted micro-milling are presented and explored in depth. The modelling is focused on establishing the scientific relationship between the process variables such as vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, feedrate and spindle speed while taking into account machine dynamics effect and the outcomes such as surface roughness generated, tool wear and material removal rate in the process.
The machine dynamics has been investigated including a static analysis, machine tool-loop stiffness, modal analysis, frequency response function, etc, carried out for both the machine structure and the piezo-actuator device. The instrumentation implementation mainly includes the design of the desktop vibration assisted machining system and its control system. The machining system consists of a piezo-driven XY stage, air bearing spindle, jig, workpiece holder, PI slideway, manual slideway and solid metal table to improve the system stability. The control system is developed using LabVIEW 7.1 programming. The control algorithms are developed based on theoretical models developed by the author.
The process optimisation of vibration assisted micro-milling has been studied by using design and analysis of experiment (DOE) approach. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Taguchi method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) have been chosen to perform this study. The effects of cutting parameters are evaluated and the optimal cutting conditions are determined. The interaction of cutting parameters is established to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between cutting parameters and surface roughness, tool wear and material removal rate. The predicted results are confirmed by validation experimental cutting trials.
This research project has led to the following contribution to knowledge:
(1) Development of a prototype desktop vibration assisted micro-milling machine.
(2) Development of theoretical models that can predict the surface finish, tool wear and material removal rate quantitatively.
(3) Establishing in depth knowledge on the use of vibration assisted machining principles.
(4) Optimisation of cutting process parameters and conditions through simulations and machining trials for through investigation of vibration assisted machining.Financial support was obtained from Brunel University
RNA-Seq analysis reveals potential regulators of programmed cell death and leaf remodelling in lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis)
No full textBackground: The lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) is an aquatic monocot that develops leaves with uniquely formed perforations through the use of a developmentally regulated process called programmed cell death (PCD). The process of perforation formation in lace plant leaves is subdivided into several developmental stages: pre-perforation, window, perforation formation, perforation expansion and mature. The first three emerging "imperforate leaves" do not form perforations, while all subsequent leaves form perforations via developmentally regulated PCD. PCD is active in cells called "PCD cells" that do not retain the antioxidant anthocyanin in spaces called areoles framed by the leaf veins of window stage leaves. Cells near the veins called "NPCD cells" retain a red pigmentation from anthocyanin and do not undergo PCD. While the cellular changes that occur during PCD are well studied, the gene expression patterns underlying these changes and driving PCD during leaf morphogenesis are mostly unknown. We sought to characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that mediate lace plant leaf remodelling and PCD. This was achieved performing gene expression analysis using transcriptomics and comparing DEGs among different stages of leaf development, and between NPCD and PCD cells isolated by laser capture microdissection. Results: Transcriptomes were sequenced from imperforate, pre-perforation, window, and mature leaf stages, as well as PCD and NPCD cells isolated from window stage leaves. Differential expression analysis of the data revealed distinct gene expression profiles: pre-perforation and window stage leaves were characterized by higher expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, plant proteases, expansins, and autophagy-related genes. Mature and imperforate leaves upregulated genes associated with chlorophyll development, photosynthesis, and negative regulators of PCD. PCD cells were found to have a higher expression of genes involved with ethylene biosynthesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and hydrolase activity whereas NPCD cells possessed higher expression of auxin transport, auxin signalling, aspartyl proteases, cysteine protease, Bag5, and anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes. Conclusions: RNA sequencing was used to generate a de novo transcriptome for A. madagascariensis leaves and revealed numerous DEGs potentially involved in PCD and leaf remodelling. The data generated from this investigation will be useful for future experiments on lace plant leaf development and PCD in plantaNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of CanadaDalhousie Universit
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.150500.].Because of an author error in data checking, incorrect prevalence estimates were reported for self-rated health status in an article on the 2013\u20132014 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, \u201cCharacterizing Adults Receiving Primary Medical Care in New York City: Implications for Using Electronic Health Re- cords for Chronic Disease Surveillance.\u201dTwo sentences in the fourth paragraph of the Results section were changed accordingly, and the paragraph now reads as follows: \u201cWe found significant differences between the 2 populations in health indicators (Table 2). The in-care population was less likely to report excellent health (14.1% vs 22.4%), more likely to have received an influenza vaccine (47.6% vs 23.3%) and mental health treatment (19.2% vs 11.4%) in the previous 12 months, and more likely to have a history of diabetes (12.6% vs 4.8%), hypertension (32.5% vs 16.2%), or hypercholesterolemia (43.1% vs 20.7%). The populations did not significantly differ in BMI, smoking status, depression, or nonspecific psychological distress; however, the distribution of these variables in NYC HANES was similar to their distribution in CHS. Additionally, the in-care population had a higher prevalence of diabetes (16.7% vs 6.9%), hypertension (35.5% vs 26.4%), and hypercholesterolemia (35.7% vs 22.3%).\u201dIn addition, the values for self-rated health status were corrected in Table 2. The article was corrected on March 28, 2017, and ap- pears online at https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_ 0500.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused
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