190 research outputs found
Time to reinvent the science of dementia: the need for care and social integration
No full textObjectives: The increasing number of older adults with dementia is a large and growing public health problem. Alzheimer's disease, the prevailing form of dementia, is projected to quadruple worldwide. To date, the care and social integration of individuals with dementia is complicated by limited collaborations between biomedicine and other disciplines. The objective of this paper is therefore to reflect on the orientation of biomedicine with regard to the science of dementia, and to articulate a path for moving forward. Methods: The authors drew upon, and expanded, the insights of an interdisciplinary, international workshop entitled Bioethics and the Science of Aging: The Case of Dementia' held in October 2012 at the University of California in Berkeley.Results: The care of individuals with dementia compels solid interdisciplinary collaborations. There are several issues affecting the care of individuals with dementia: (1) an evolving definition of dementia; (2) the ambiguous benefits of the diagnosis of dementia; (3) ethical conflicts concerning consent processes and clinical trials; and (4) a limited understanding of the perspective of the person with dementia.Conclusion: We argue that it is time for a renewed dialogue between biomedicine and other disciplines -- particularly public health, the social sciences, the medical humanities and bioethics. This interdisciplinary dialogue would facilitate a process of self-reflection within biomedicine. This dialogue will also provide the foundation for equitable public health interventions and will further prioritize the values and preferences of individuals with dementia, as well as their care and social integration
Baseball Throw, Run, Hit Participants
No full textParticipants of the baseball throw, run and hit contest are from left, front row, Neldon Smuin, Sonja Smuin, Sammi Kay, Max Coombs, Mike Robins, Sharyl Neal and Yvonne Nelson. Second row, Doug Allen, Julene Johnson, Kathy Killpack, Clark Emery, Galen Turner, Alice Christensen, Janet Gardiner and David Rasmussen. Third row, Margie Merrell, RAndy Smuin, Rich Morton, John Wiseman, Vicki Fowler, Thad Jenkins and Kenneth Bodily. Back row, Grant Drollinger, Val Mortenson, Dennis Hatch and Wayne Eschler
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Comparison of Well-being of Older Adult Choir Singers and the General Population in Finland: A Case-Control Study
No full textPrevious research suggests that singing in a choir as an older adult is associated with better quality of life (QOL). However, the degree to which sociodemographic and activity level variables contribute to this relationship is largely unknown. The overall aim of the study was to compare quality of life (QOL) of older adult choir singers with a matched sample of olderadults from the general population in Finland, taking into considerationsociodemographic, satisfaction with health, and activity level. Case-control methods were used to match a sample of 109 older adult singers with a sample of 307 older adults from the general population. Tobit regression analysis with sociodemographic covariates was used to explain observedgroup differences in QOL as measured by two WHOQOL-Bref domains (psychological and physical). Probit regression analysis was used to examine the effect of overall activity level and sociodemographic variables on overall QOL and satisfaction with health. As expected, sociodemographic variables were strong predictors of physical and psychological QOL. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, theolder choir singers reported significantly higher ratings on physical QOL, but not psychological QOL, compared to matched controls. Additional adjustment for satisfaction for health attenuated the results. When considering overall activity level, older adult choir singers reportedsignificantly higher overall QOL and satisfaction with health whencompared to either active or inactive controls. These results suggest thatsinging in a choir as an older adult may promote well-being, even afteraccounting for sociodemographic and overall activity variables
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In partnership with the NEA's Interagency Task Force on the Arts & Human Development
No full textThis guide is intended to serve arts professionals and biomedical or behavioral researchers interested in collaborative community engaging research in the arts and health
The Influence of Scientific Research on Nineteenth-Century Musical Thought: The Work of Richard Wallaschek
No full textZnanstveno proučavanje glazbe cvalo je u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća, osobito u Njemačkoj i Austriji. Istraživači poput Hermanna von Helmholtza i Carla Stumpfa ispitivali su fiziološke i psihološke temelje glazbe, ali nisu se usredotočili na glazbene teme višega reda. Tek su se u ranom 20. stoljeću znanstvene metode primijenile na istraživanje široko zahvaćenih glazbenih tema kao što su glazbeni stil ili kompozicijske tehnike. Međutim, jedan od znanstvenika u kasnome 19. stoljeću, Richard Wallaschek, prihvatio se glazbenih tema sa znanstvenog gledišta. Wallaschek je upotrijebio empirijske metode da bi razvio dvije teorije, jednu o glazbenoj percepciji i drugu o glazbenoj izražajnosti. Svoju teoriju o glazbenoj percepciji upotrijebio je za karakteriziranje glazbenog stila, teme važne za novu disciplinu muzikologiju. Dokazivao je da glazba u klasicističkom stilu zahtijeva proces duhovnog predstavljanja koji se usredotočuje na pojedinačne glazbene elemente, dok romantički glazbeni stil zahtijeva duhovno predstavljanje koje se usredotočuje na holističku, globalnu strukturu glazbe. Wallaschekova teorija glazbene izražajnosti pomogla je u formuliranju njegove kritike programne glazbe. Dokazivao je da je glazba izražavanje emocija, dok je program izražaj intelektualne misli. Prema Wallaschekovu gledištu, emocionalno i intelektualno izražavanje odvojeni su mozgovni procesi koji se ne mogu kombinirati, pa je stoga nemoguće istodobno percipirati i glazbu i program. Wallaschekovo usredotočenje na glazbene teme višega reda učinilo ga je jedinstvenim među znanstvenicima koji su rabili znanstvene metode u istraživanju glazbe u kasnom 19. stoljeću.The scientific study of music blossomed in the second half of the nineteenth century, particularly in Germany and Austria. Researchers such as Hermann von Helmholtz and Carl Stumpf investigated the physiological and psychological bases of music but did not focus on higher-level musical topics. It was not until the early twentieth century that scientific methods were applied to the study of large-scale musical issues, such as musical style or compositional techniques. However, one late nineteenth-century scholar, Richard Wallaschek, addressed musical issues from a scientific perspective. Wallaschek used empirical methods to develop two theories, one of music perception and one of music expression. He used his theory of music perception to characterize musical style, an issue of importance to the new discipline of musicology. He argued that Classical style music requires a process of mental representation that focuses on individual musical elements while Romantic style music requires a mental representation that focuses on the holistic, global structure of music. Wallaschek’s theory of music expression helped formulate his criticisms of programme music. He argued that music is an expression of emotion while a programme is an expression of intellectual thought. In Wallaschek’s view, emotional and intellectual expression are separate brain processes that cannot be combined; therefore, it is impossible to perceive both music and programme at the same time. Wallaschek’s focus on higher-level musical issues made him unique among scholars who used scientific methods to study music in the late nineteenth century
Music, neurology, and psychology in the nineteenth century
No full textThis chapter examines connections between research in music, neurology, and psychology during the late-nineteenth century. Researchers in all three disciplines investigated how music is processed by the brain. Psychologists and comparative musicologists, such as Carl Stumpf, thought in terms of multiple levels of sensory processing and mental representation. Early thinking about music processing can be linked to the start of Gestalt psychology. Neurologists such as August Knoblauch also discussed multiple levels of music processing, basing speculation on ideas about language processing. Knoblauch and others attempted to localize music function in the brain. Other neurologists, such as John Hughlings Jackson, discussed a dissociation between music as an emotional system and language as an intellectual system. Richard Wallaschek seems to have been the only one from the late-nineteenth century to synthesize ideas from musicology, psychology, and neurology. He used ideas from psychology to explain music processing and audience reactions and also used case studies from neurology to support arguments about the nature of music. Understanding the history of this research sheds light on the development of all three disciplines—musicology, neurology, and psychology.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/music_books/1000/thumbnail.jp
Hearing and music in dementia
No full textMusic is a complex acoustic signal that relies on a number of different brain and cognitive processes to create the sensation of hearing. Changes in hearing function are generally not a major focus of concern for persons with a majority of neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). However, changes in the processing of sounds may be an early, and possibly preclinical, feature of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this chapter is to review the current state of knowledge concerning hearing and music perception in persons who have a dementia as a result of a neurodegenerative disease. The review focuses on both peripheral and central auditory processing in common neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on the processing of music and other non-verbal sounds. The chapter also reviews music interventions used for persons with neurodegenerative diseases
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