7,058 research outputs found
Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing
No full textThe paper describes the research in the £1.3 million IeMRC Integrated Optical and Electronic Interconnect PCB Manufacturing (OPCB) Flagship Project in which 8 companies and 3 universities carry out collaborative research and which was formed and is technically led by the author. The consortium’s research is aimed at investigating a range of fabrication techniques, some established and some novel, for fabricating polymer multimode waveguides from several polymers, some formulations of which are being developed within the project. The challenge is to develop low cost waveguide manufacturing techniques compatible with commercial PCB manufacturing and to reduce their alignment cost. The project aims to take the first steps in making this hybrid optical waveguide and electrical copper track printed circuit board disruptive technology widely available by establishing and incorporating waveguide design rules into commercial PCB layout software and transferring the technology for fabricating such boards to a commercial PCB manufacturer. To focus the research the project is designing an optical waveguide backplane to tight realistic constraints, using commercial layout software with the new optical design rules, for a demonstrator into which 4 daughter cards are plugged, each carrying an aggregate of 80 Gb/s data so that each waveguide carries 10 Gb/s
Donald R. Johnson
No full textDONALD R. JOHNSON
Inducted: 2008
Citation:
For outstanding research contributions in spectroscopy and astronomy as well as for distinguished managerial leadership exemplified in the creation of the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB) and the establishment of new NIST extramural programs under the Technology Competitiveness Act of 1988.
Tenure: 1967-1993
Birth: 1938, Tacoma, Washington
Education:
University of Puget Sound, BS (Physics), 1960
University of Idaho, MS (Physics), 1962
University of Oklahoma, PhD (Physics), 1967
Positions held:
Physicist, Molecular Spectroscopy Section, Atomic Physics Division, 1967-76
Analyst, Program Office, 1976-78
Deputy Director, National Measurement Laboratory, 1978-83
Director, National Measurement Laboratory, 1983-88
Director, Task Force on Industrial Technology Services, 1987-88
Special Assistant to Undersecretary of Commerce for Technology Policy, 1989-90
Director, Technology Services, 1988-93
Honors:
Fellow, American Physical Society
Arthur S. Fleming Award for Outstanding Service in the Federal Government (1976)
Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1973) and Gold Medal (1977)
Senior Executive Service, Meritorious Executive (1981) and Distinguished Executive (1988)
Department of Commerce Outstanding Volunteer (1990)
Memberships:
American Physical Society Council 8 years; Chair, Langmuir Prize Committee
ASTM Board of Directors 6 years; Committee on Research and Technical Planning
American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Board on Research and Technology Development
Commission of the European Communities; Bureau of Reference Materials Evaluation Group
National Conference of Standards Laboratories
Advisory Board to House Space & Technology Task Force on Technology Policy
Maryland Governor’s Commission on Excellence in Higher Education
Publications:
40 archival scientific papers plus numerous articles on NBS/NIST including:
Johnson, D.R., and Powell, F.X., “Microwave Detection of Thioformaldehyde,” Science, 679-80 (1970)
Johnson, D.R., and Pearson, R., “Molecular Spectroscopy Microwave Region,” Methods of Experimental Physics, 13B, 102-33 (1976)
Johnson, D.R., and Lovas, F.J., “Microwave Detection of the Molecular Transient Methyleneimine,” Chem. Phys. Lett, 15(1), 65-8 (1972)
Clark, F.O., Lovas, F.J., and Johnson, D.R., “Dimethyl Ether in Orion,” Astrophys. J., 229(2, Pt. 1), 553-9 (1979)
Snyder, L.E., Hollis, J.M., Ulich, B.L., Lovas, F.J., Johnson, D.R., and Buhl, “Radio Detection of Interstellar Sulfur Dioxide,” Astrophys. J., 198(2, Pt. 2), L81-L84 (1975)
Snyder, L.E., Lovas, F.J., and Johnson, D.R., “Silicon Monoxide - Detection of Maser Emission from the Second Vibrationally Excited State,” Astrophys. J., 192(2, Pt. 2), L97-L100 (1974
Evaluative and speaker-positioning function bundles in spoken academic English. English as a Medium of Instruction at UNIBO
No full textLexical bundles, “the most frequent recurring lexical sequences in a register” (Biber et al 1999, ch. 13) have been investigated across a range of different genres. They have been found to mark ideology in political debate (Partington & Morley 2004), while possibly register-idiosyncratic variations have been found in argumentative discourse (Miller & Johnson, 2014a, 2014b, 2009). Morley (2004) and Murphy and Morley (2006) examine their discourse-marking function of introducing the writer’s evaluation in newspaper editorials, also with the aid of patterns of metaphors in newspaper editorials and news reports.
In the field of academic English, mastery of lexical bundles has been recognised as essential for fluent speech (Hyland 2012). The frequency of certain lexical bundles has been compared in different genres and registers (conversation and academic prose: Biber & Conrad 1999), while Biber et al (2004) and Biber and Barbieri (2007) have compared them in university spoken and written registers, and DeCarrico and Nattinger (1988, 1992) and Nesi and Basturkmen (2006) have focussed on lexical bundles in spoken academic registers among native speakers of English.
Following Miller and Johnson’s investigations of lexical bundles such as we must, it is time and it is + ADJ (2014a, 2014b, 2009) in argumentative discourse typical of parliamentary proceedings, where some register-idiosyncratic variation emerged, this paper aims to investigate other evaluative and speaker-positioning function bundles (Halliday 1985). Instead of parliamentary discourse, however, the present study focuses on the spoken Academic English of non-native English-speaking Italian native lecturers during lectures at an Italian University. While both academic genres, lectures and office hours are different on a level of interaction, with interaction being an inherent characteristic of the latter, while the former, particularly in the Italian academic context, still tends to be monologic with little space for participation from students. Lecturer discourse in the two genres is scrutinised in relation to the function bundles used, particularly those indicating the stance towards or opinion of the speaker towards a particular proposition, for example the likelihood of it taking place, its importance, or its necessity (Biber et al. 2004, Biber & Barbieri 2007), and occurring in the phraseology It v-link ADJ (+ that/to...).
Selected lectures and office hours from the macro-areas of Physical Sciences and Social Sciences were recorded and transcribed to form the EmiBO corpus (Johnson & Picciuolo 2022) of nearly 240,000 words. A comparative corpus investigation was performed using SketchEngine (Kilgarriff et al. 2004) to compare frequent phraseology across macro-areas and genres. The aim of this study is to reveal patterns in usage of this particular phraseology across macro disciplinary area (Physical Sciences compared with Social Sciences subjects), and subgenre (lecture vs office hour sessions).
The most frequent adjective in this phrase in argumentative discourse in Miller and Johnson (2009) was important and its synonyms. Investigation will show whether the same holds true for the academic context, in particular as regards production by non native speakers. Groom’s (2005) semantic divisions for categorising the evaluators are used. My hypothesis is that this phrase, an example of ‘explicit’ stance marking, is mainly used to further the informational content of the lecture, signalling the lecturer’s opinion of the importance or relevance of the information to follow.
Appropriate use of lexical bundles is an essential component of fluent spoken and written academic production, making it possible to distinguish between the novice and expert user (Nesi & Basturkmen 2006; Hyland 2012). This is particularly relevant in the Italian university context, where English as a Medium of Instruction is a fairly recent phenomenon and many Italian lecturers do not have a high level of English language proficiency (Campagna & Pulcini 2014: 180). While competent English language speakers have a greater reserve of options to draw on, including both implicit and explicit markers (Deroey 2018), less confident speakers might tend to overuse or misuse this phrase. In order to investigate this, corpus findings were tested against a corpus of academic spoken English produced by native speaking lecturers (BASE).
Biber, D. & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26 (3), pp. 263–286.
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Cortes, V. (2004). ‘If you look at...’: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25 (3), 371–405.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, Pearson Education Ltd., Harlow, Essex.
Biber, D. & Conrad, S.( 1999). Lexical bundles in conversation and academic prose. In Hasselgard, H. & S. Oksefjell (eds), Out of Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 181-190.
Campagna, S. & Pulcini, V. (2014). English as a Medium of Instruction in Italian Universities. Textus 1, 173-190.
DeCarrico, J. & Nattinger, J.R. (1988). Lexical phrases for the comprehension of academic lectures, English for Specific Purposes, 7(2), 91–102.
DeCarrico, J. and Nattinger, J. R. (1992). Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deroey, K. L. B. (2018). The representativeness of lecture listening coursebooks: Language, lecture authenticity, research-informedness. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 34, 57-67.
Groom, N. (2005). Pattern and Meaning across genres and disciplines: an exploratory study. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 4, 257-277.
Halliday, M.A.K. (1985). Dimensions of Discourse Analysis: Grammar. In Webster J.J. (ed.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Vol. 2: Dimensions of Discourse, Academic Press, London, pp. 29-56.
Hyland, K. (2012). Bundles in Academic Discourse. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 32, 150-169.
Johnson, J.H. & Picciuolo, M. (2022). The EmiBO Corpus. A resource for investigating lecture discourse across disciplines and lecture modes in an EMI context. Lingue e Linguaggi, 53, 253-272.
Kilgarriff, A., Rychlý, P., Smrž, P., Tugwell, D. (2004). The Sketch Engine. Proceedings of the 11th EURALEX International Congress, pp. 105-116.
Miller, D.R. & Johnson J.H. (2009), Phraseological choice as ‘register-idiosyncratic’ evaluative meaning? A corpus-assisted comparative study of Congressional debate. Paper given at the Corpus Linguistics Conference, Liverpool UK, 21-23 July, 2009.
Miller D.R. & Johnson, J.H. (2014a). ‘Register-idiosyncratic’ evaluative choice in Congressional debate: a corpus-assisted comparative study. In Fontaine, L., Bartlett, T. & O’Grady, G. (eds.), Systemic Functional Linguistics. Exploring Choice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 432-453.
Miller, D.R. & Johnson, J.H. (2014b). Evaluative phraseological choice and speaker party/gender. A corpus-assisted comparative study of register-idiosyncratic meaning in Congressional debate. In Thompson, G. & Alba-Juez, L. (eds.), Evaluation in Context, John Benjamins, Amsterdam /Philadelphia, pp. 345-366.
Morley, J. (2004). The Sting in the tail? Persuasion in English editorial discourse. In Partington, A., Morley J. & Haarman L. (eds), Corpora and Discourse. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 239-255.
Murphy, A.C. & Morley, J. (2006). The peroration revisited. In Bhatia, V.K. & M. Gotti (eds) Explorations in specialized genres. Bern: Peter Lang pp. 201-215.
Nesi, H. & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signaling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11, 283–304.
Partington, A. & Morley, J. (2004). At the heart of ideology: Word and cluster/bundle frequency in political debate. Practical Applications in Language and Computers, 179-192
Cometary evolution : clues on physical properties from chondritic interplanetary dust particles
No full textThe degree of diversity or similarity detected in comets depends primarily on the lifetimes of the individual cometary nuclei at the time of analysis. It is inherent in our understanding of cometary orbital dynamics and the seminal model of comet origins that cometary evolution is the natural order of events in our Solar System. Thus, predictions of cometary behaviour in terms of bulk physical, mineralogical or chemical parameters should contain an appreciation of temporal variation(s). Previously, Rietmeijer and Mackinnon [1987] developed mineralogical bases for the chemical evolution of cometary nuclei primarily with regard to the predominantly silicate fraction of comet nuclei. We suggested that alteration of solids in cometary nuclei should be expected and that indications of likely reactants and products can be derived from judicious comparison with terrestrial diagenetic environments which include hydrocryogenic and low-temperature aqueous alterations. In a further development of this concept, Rietmeijer [1988] provides indirect evidence for the formation of sulfides and oxides in comet nuclei. Furthermore, Rietmeijer [1988] noted that timescales for hydrocryogenic and low-temperature reactions involving liquid water are probably adequate for relatively mature comets, e.g. P/comet Halley. In this paper, we will address the evolution of comet nuclei physical parameters such as solid particle grain size, porosity and density. In natural environments, chemical evolution (e.g. mineral reactions) is often accompanied by changes in physical properties. These concurrent changes are well-documented in the terrestrial geological literature, especially in studies of sediment diagenesis and we suggest that similar basic principles apply within the upper few meters of active comet nuclei. The database for prediction of comet nuclei physical parameters is, in principle, the same as used for the proposition of chemical evolution. We use detailed mineralogical studies of chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPS) as a guide to the likely constitution of mature comets traversing the inner Solar System. While there is, as yet, no direct proof that a specific sub-group or type of chondritic IDP is derived from a specific comet, it is clear that these particles are extraterrestrial in origin and that a certain portion of the interplanetary flux received by the Earth is cometary in origin. Two chondritic porous (CP) IDPS, sample numbers W701OA2 and W7029CI, from the Johnson Space Center Cosmic Dust Collection have been selected for this study of putative cometary physical parameters. This particular type of particle is considered a likely candidate for a cometary origin on the basis of mineralogy, bulk composition and morphology. While many IDPs have been subjected to intensive study over the past decade, we can develop a physical parameter model on only these two CP IDPs because few others have been studied in sufficient detail
Apoptosis and proliferation of acinar and islet cells in chronic pancreatitis: evidence for differential cell loss mediating preservation of islet function
No full textBACKGROUND:
Chronic pancreatitis is characterised clinically by early exocrine insufficiency, with diabetes mellitus occurring as a late phenomenon. This is mirrored pathologically by extensive acinar cell destruction and islet preservation. The mechanisms underlying this differential rate of cellular destruction are unknown. AIMS:
To test the hypothesis that acinar loss and islet preservation in chronic pancreatitis occurs due to differential epithelial kinetics and investigate the role of inflammatory cells and cell cycle associated molecules. METHODS:
Archival tissue from six chronic pancreatitis cases was compared with six normal controls using TUNEL and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, CD68, MIB-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Fas, Fas ligand, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) and 2 (TIMP-2). RESULTS:
The acinar cell apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation index were higher in chronic pancreatitis than controls. T lymphocytes diffusely infiltrated fibrous bands and acini but rarely islets. Acinar Bcl-2 expression exceeded islet expression in chronic pancreatitis and controls while Bax was strongly expressed by a subset of islet cells and weakly by centroacinar cells. Islet Fas and Fas ligand expression exceeded acinar expression in chronic pancreatitis and controls. Acinar Rb expression was higher in chronic pancreatitis than in controls. Islets in chronic pancreatitis and controls showed intense TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression. CONCLUSION:
Apoptosis plays a significant role in acinar loss in chronic pancreatitis. Acinar Bcl-2 and islet Bax expression indicates complex AI control. Increased acinar Rb expression in chronic pancreatitis may differentially promote acinar loss. Fas ligand expression may be restricted to islet cell membranes through TIMP-1 expression and inhibit islet damage by promoting apoptosis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Horseman at informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch''
No full textPhotographs L-2637-C & L-2637-D show Henry Rucker, jockey. Photographs L-2637-E & L-2637-F shows D.R. Usdane. Photograph L-2637-G shows G.C. Hicks and Joe Hunt.Horseman at one of the Sunday afternoon informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch,'' San Antonio, Texas
Horseman at informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch''
No full textPhotographs L-2637-C & L-2637-D show Henry Rucker, jockey. Photographs L-2637-E & L-2637-F shows D.R. Usdane. Photograph L-2637-G shows G.C. Hicks and Joe Hunt.Horseman at one of the Sunday afternoon informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch,'' San Antonio, Texas
Horseman at informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch''
No full textPhotographs L-2637-C & L-2637-D show Henry Rucker, jockey. Photographs L-2637-E & L-2637-F shows D.R. Usdane. Photograph L-2637-G shows G.C. Hicks and Joe Hunt.Horseman at one of the Sunday afternoon informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch,'' San Antonio, Texas
Horseman at informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch''
No full textPhotographs L-2637-C & L-2637-D show Henry Rucker, jockey. Photographs L-2637-E & L-2637-F shows D.R. Usdane. Photograph L-2637-G shows G.C. Hicks and Joe Hunt.Horseman at one of the Sunday afternoon informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch,'' San Antonio, Texas
Horseman at informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch''
No full textPhotographs L-2637-C & L-2637-D show Henry Rucker, jockey. Photographs L-2637-E & L-2637-F shows D.R. Usdane. Photograph L-2637-G shows G.C. Hicks and Joe Hunt.Horseman at one of the Sunday afternoon informal races at ''Johnson Grass Patch,'' San Antonio, Texas
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