105 research outputs found
Sophmore Band (ca. 1915)
No full textThe Sophomore Bnd was a hazing organization of Pennsylvania College. Back Row: Tome, John S.; Monk, Thomas A..; Buehler, Martin H., Jr.; Wray, Stanley M.; Weigle, George B.; Scheffer, George E.; Front Row: Hershey, Phares R.; Rice, Statton L.;Mahaffie, James E.; Glaes, James S.; Albert, L. RoyTipton #29221; Spectrum 1916, p. 15
Variation in reproductive effort, genetic diversity and mating systems across Posidonia australis seagrass meadows in Western Australia
No full textPopulations at the edges of their geographical range tend to have lower genetic diversity, smaller effective population sizes and limited connectivity relative to centre of range populations. Range edge populations are also likely to be better adapted to more extreme conditions for future survival and resilience in warming environments. However, they may also be most at risk of extinction from changing climate. We compare reproductive and genetic data of the temperate seagrass, Posidonia australis on the west coast of Australia. Measures of reproductive effort (flowering and fruit production and seed to ovule ratios) and estimates of genetic diversity and mating patterns (nuclear microsatellite DNA loci) were used to assess sexual reproduction in northern range edge (low latitude, elevated salinities, Shark Bay World Heritage Site) and centre of range (mid-latitude, oceanic salinity, Perth metropolitan waters) meadows in Western Australia. Flower and fruit production were highly variable among meadows and there was no significant relationship between seed to ovule ratio and clonal diversity. However, Shark Bay meadows were two orders of magnitude less fecund than those in Perth metropolitan waters. Shark Bay meadows were characterized by significantly lower levels of genetic diversity and a mixed mating system relative to meadows in Perth metropolitan waters, which had high genetic diversity and a completely outcrossed mating system. The combination of reproductive and genetic data showed overall lower sexual productivity in Shark Bay meadows relative to Perth metropolitan waters. The mixed mating system is likely driven by a combination of local environmental conditions and pollen limitation. These results indicate that seagrass restoration in Shark Bay may benefit from sourcing plant material from multiple reproductive meadows to increase outcrossed pollen availability and seed production for natural recruitment.Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Jane M. Edgeloe, Janet M. Anthony, John Statton, Martin F. Breed and Gary A. Kendric
Application of the Stretched Exponential Production Decline Model to Forecast Production in Shale Gas Reservoirs
No full textProduction forecasting in shale (ultra-low permeability) gas reservoirs is of great interest due to the advent of multi-stage fracturing and horizontal drilling. The well renowned production forecasting model, Arps? Hyperbolic Decline Model, is widely used in industry to forecast shale gas wells. Left unconstrained, the model often overestimates reserves by a great deal. A minimum decline rate is imposed to prevent overestimation of reserves but with less than ten years of production history available to analyze, an accurate minimum decline rate is currently unknown; an educated guess of 5% minimum decline is often imposed. Other decline curve models have been proposed with the theoretical advantage of being able to match linear flow followed by a transition to boundary dominated flow. This thesis investigates the applicability of the Stretched Exponential Production Decline Model (SEPD) and compares it to the industry standard, Arps' with a minimum decline rate. When possible, we investigate an SEPD type curve.
Simulated data is analyzed to show advantages of the SEPD model and provide a comparison to Arps' model with an imposed minimum decline rate of 5% where the full production history is known. Long-term production behavior is provided by an analytical solution for a homogenous reservoir with homogenous hydraulic fractures. Various simulations from short-term linear flow (~1 year) to long-term linear flow (~20 years) show the ability of the models to handle onset of boundary dominated flow at various times during production history. SEPD provides more accurate reserves estimates when linear flow ends at 5 years or earlier. Both models provide sufficient reserves estimates for longer-term linear flow scenarios.
Barnett Shale production data demonstrates the ability of the models to forecast field data. Denton and Tarrant County wells are analyzed as groups and individually. SEPD type curves generated with 2004 well groups provide forecasts for wells drilled in subsequent years. This study suggests a type curve is most useful when 24 months or less is available to forecast. The SEPD model generally provides more conservative forecasts and EUR estimates than Arps' model with a minimum decline rate of 5%
WAMSI 2 - Dredging Node - Project 5.5.2 - Defining thresholds and indicators of primary producers - Seagrass pressure-response relationships - Experiment 2
No full text<p>The effects of sediment burial on seagrasses will be determined in a series of laboratory and field-based experiments. Laboratory experiments are desirable as they will remove a large number of potentially confounding factors that have been known to influence earlier studies involving members of the study team (Ooi et al. 2011). Field studies will be used to provide field validation of the laboratory experiments. Unlike the light reduction experiments, sediment burial does not require the same degree of on-going maintenance, making it more feasible to conduct them in the field. The field experiments will be conducted in the NW, with sites in Exmouth Gulf the most likely location.</p>
<p>The laboratory experiments will be conducted as for experiment 1, but with treatments consisting of different depths of burial (3 levels; nominally 2, 4 and 10cm) and durations (nominally 2, 4 and 8 weeks plus a recovery period of 4 weeks). Variables to be measured are indicated in the thumbnail image.</p>
<p>An analogous field experiment will subject plots of seagrass meadow to different levels of sediment burial for different durations, and then track their recovery following removal of the burial treatment. The experiments will apply methods adapted from Ooi et al (2011) and Manzanera et al. (2011). Members of the study team were involved in the first of these studies and have experience in applying the techniques.</p>
<p>Cylinders of varying heights will be inserted into the meadow and filled with sediment to simulate burial. Based on the above literature, the treatments will be in the order of 0.2, 2, 4 and 10 cm and for durations of 1, 3 and 6 months after which recovery will be followed for up to a further 6 months (note, however, that these depths could change depending on the outcomes of Project 5.1 ). Rhizomes will be severed around the edge of the cylinders to prevent donal re-allocation of resources, which could support the plants; this more realistically represents the situation where a large-scale dredging programme produces an even burial effect over an entire meadow. It is possible that some of the sediments in the cylinders will be lost due to resuspension during the experiment. so the treatments will be 'topped-up' at each sampling interval (1 and 3 months). The levels of the depth and duration treatments may be adjusted following input from Theme 2/3. The variables to be measured are indicated in thumbnail.</p>
WAMSI 2 - Dredging Node - Project 5.5.3 - Defining thresholds and indicators of primary producers - Seagrass pressure-response relationships - Experiment 3
No full text<p>The DSP indicated that an area of uncertainty was whether the type of sediment {organic v inorganic and mean grain size) affected the response of plants to sediment deposition. Organic sediment are known to have a greater impact on corals than inorganic sediment, and it is possible that grain size and organic content could alter the effects of sediment deposition on sediment biogeochemistry, which in turn could affect seagrasses. To test for an effect of sediment type, additional laboratory and field experiment will be conducted in which the sediment composition is manipulated.</p>
<p>Laboratory treatments will be established as in Experiment 2 and subjected to the following treatments: Burial (0.2, 2 cm and 4 cm); sediment Type (fine inorganic, coarse inorganic and organic), and for 3 durations (2, 4 and 8 weeks plus 4 weeks recovery). Grain sizes and durations will be refined following input from Theme 2/3. Four replicate plots of each treatment will be established and the variable indicated in Table I measured at each sampling point. In the laboratory, sediment will be added to treatments as suspended sediment delivered in the water stream feeding the tanks. Feed will be provided at a rate that produces increases in sediment depth comparable to those observed in field situation (as determined in Project 5.1 and from Themes 2 and 3). This will provide loading of sediment to the plant canopy (e.g. material deposited on leaf surfaces) as well as the sediment surface, more representative of a dredging scenario.</p>
<p>An analogous experiment will be conducted in the field to validate the laboratory findings under conditions where sediment re-suspension and other factors may alter the plant responses. In this case, sediment will be added in either one, or a small number of sequential, loading events. Otherwise, the field experiment will follow the same design as that in Experiment 2, and varying the composition of sediment (as above). Variable to be measured are indicated in thumbnail image.</p>
<p><strong>Geographic Bounding:</strong></p>
<p>North bound: -11.00000, West bound: 115.00000, East bound: 126.00000, South bound: -21.00000.</p>
<p><strong>North bound</strong> <strong>West bound</strong> <strong>East bound</strong> <strong>South bound</strong></p>
The holistic nature of literary knowledge : a perspective of authorial meaning and legitimate significance as a unique aesthetic experience
No full textLiterary knowledge represents the state of affairs in the holistic nature of literature. Within the scheme of co-ordinates that constitute the holistic nature of literature, legitimate aesthetic experience cannot occur unless a valid interpretation of meaning is considered as the probable intention of the author. Understanding meaning initiates legitimate aesthetic experience as opposed to an aesthetic awareness that inadvertently distorts authorial intention to satisfy wishfulfilment gratification of the audience. Validity in interpretation implies satisfying the conditions of knowledge, in that agreement in .judgements about literature is possible. Yet, though meaning may satisfy the conditions of objectivity, each legitimate aesthetic experience is peculiar to the individual's empathic relationship to the valid interpretation. . The significance of the text may be an ineffable aesthetic experience which is a self-evident form of knowledge. The synthesis of Hirsch's theory of 'meaning and 'significance' with Hirst's belief that literature is ? 'unique form of knowledge' gives a dual nature to, and foundation for, the epistemological status of literature. Consequently, there is justification for teaching literary knowledge in texts and procedural knowledge for construal of valid interpretation. Interpretation and criticism have different functions. One attempts to give coherence and objectivity to textual meaning, while criticism imbues a valid interpretation with a 'unique' knowledge that is relative to the dynamic of history and the dialectic of criticism. If students are to perceive in some degree the holistic nature of literary knowledge, then trainee teachers ought to be familiar with the synthesis of Hirsch and Hirst which is a primary principle both in the construal of textual meaning and in the attempt to express legitimate aesthetic experience
Book Reviews
No full textBook Review 1Book Title: J.A.M.A. Clinical Abtracts of Diagnosis and TreatmentBook Author: Published with the Approval of the Board of Trustees, American Medical AssociationPp. 627 + vi. 85.50. London and New York: Grune and Statton, Inc. 1955.Book Review 2Book Title: The British Encyclopaedia of Medical Practice, Including Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and other Special Subjects: Medical Progress 1955Book Author: Editor in Chief: The Lord HorderPp. 311 + vi. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers), Ltd., South African Office-Butterworth & Co. (Africa) Ltd., Durban. 1955.Book Review 3Book Title: The Pocket Prescriber and Guide to Prescription WritingBook Author: Alistair G. CruikshankE. & S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh and London. 1956.Book Review 4Book Title: The Year Book of Obstetrics & GynecologyBook Author: J.P. Greenhill (Ed.)1955-1956 Series (pp. 544). Chicago: The Year Book Publishers, Inc.Book Review 5Book Title: Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity. Fourth Edition. Volumes I and II.Book Authors: G.S. Wilson & A.A. MilesPp. 2331 + cxv. £8 0s. 0d. set of two Volumes. London: Edward Arnold (publishers) Ltd. 1955.Book Review 6Book Title: Is That You Doctor? Tabloids out of the Medical BagBook Author: lmhotepPp. 207 + xi with illustrations. 15s. 0d. Cape Town Howard B. Timmins. 1955
#Disgusted: Identifying potential sub-factors of Moral Disgust through Reflexive Thematic Analysis of Tweets
No full textSocial media provides an untapped resource for exploring Moral Disgust. We therefore drew on ‘tweets’ about Moral Disgust (k=526) to better conceptualise the situations, people, and concepts users found Disgusting. Our Reflexive Thematic Analysis identified two themes and accompanying subthemes: Hierarchical Disgust and Third-Party Disgust. Hierarchical Disgust was constructed from expressions of Disgust directed to power structures, abuses of power, and leaders, whereas Third-Party Disgust comprised expressions directed at negative outcomes for others, often in the form of discrimination or harm. Both themes served as a form of group protection through out-group distancing and normative in-group policing. Importantly, this research extends classic Disgust literature (e.g. Tybur et al., 2013), presenting a novel approach to naturalistic data collection and providing future researchers with an approach to study other emotions, beliefs, and subjects that are expressed online
Seagrasses of the north west of Western Australia: Biogeography and considerations for dredging-related research: Report of Theme 5 - Project 5.1.2 prepared for the Dredging Science Node
No full textThis review was undertaken to identify which seagrass primary producers (species or different functional groups) that collectively cover the bio-geographic range of key primary producers in the northwest of Western Australia are most appropriate for the focus of subsequent research into thresholds and indicators of response to dredging-related pressures (i.e. Theme 5). An assessment framework was developed based on six criteria: biogeographic range; ecological relevance (life-history strategy, habitats, natural dynamics and ecological services); current knowledge on thresholds and bioindicators; likelihood that species are sensitive and resilient to dredging related stressors; extent of improvement in applied knowledge; and likelihood of being able to grow seagrass species successfully in mesocosms. Aims
To identify which primary producers (species or different functional groups), that collectively cover the bio-geographic range of key primary producers in WA, are most appropriate for the focus of subsequent research into thresholds and indicators of response to dredging-related pressure
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