435 research outputs found
Howse, Maxwell and Hilda. Interview about why he came to Grand Falls, going to the movies, circus, the 1921 strike, and going fishing.
No full textHowse, Maxwell and Hilda. Interview about why he came to Grand Falls, going to the movies, circus, the 1921 strike, and going fishing. Maxwell Howse and Hilda Howse discuss moving to Grand Falls-Windsor, working in the screening room, growing up in Grand Falls, community entertainment, local businesses, 1921 strike, working in the mill, school, working in the Coop store, fires, and the IWA strike
Spider Diagrams of Order and a Hierarchy of Star-Free Regular Languages
No full textThe spider diagram logic forms a fragment of the constraint diagram logic and was designed to be primarily used as a diagrammatic software specification tool. Our interest is in using the logical basis of spider diagrams and the existing known equivalences between certain logics, formal language theory classes and some automata to inform the development of diagrammatic logics. Such developments could have many advantages, one of which would be aiding software engineers who are familiar with formal languages and automata to more intuitively understand diagrammatic logics. In this paper we consider relationships between spider diagrams of order (an extension of spider diagrams) and the star-free subset of regular languages. We extend the concept of the language of a spider diagram to encompass languages over arbitrary alphabets. Furthermore, the product of spider diagrams is introduced. This operator is the diagrammatic analogue of language concatenation. We establish that star-free languages are definable by spider diagrams of order equipped with the product operator and, based on this relationship, spider diagrams of order are as expressive as first order monadic logic of order
WTO Governance and the Doha Round
No full textWTO jurisprudence and governance will not be explicit subjects of discussion or negotiation at the Hong Kong Ministerial Meeting, with the partial exception of dispute settlement review. Nonetheless, governance questions are at the heart of debates about the WTOs legitimacy and deserve serious consideration. With this mind, a checklist and a series of questions are provided that are deemed to be relevant to the immediate future of the WTO and the ultimate fate of the Doha Round negotiations. Several issues are raised, as follows. The architecture of the WTO as represented in the Single Undertaking requires all WTO Members to adhere to the WTO Agreement even when doing so may not always be in a countrys interest. Decision-making in the WTO is based on consensus, and there may be a need for the design of more effective procedures and for better representation of the different views of Members. The accountability of the WTO as an institution may be at issue insofar as it relates to the roles of different members and the relationships with civil society. There is a clear need for technical assistance, policy development, and policy surveillance to make the WTO a more open, transparent, efficient, equitable, and socially responsible institution.Robert Howse is Alene and Allan F. Smith Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School. His research and teaching interests are focused on international economic law (trade, investment and finance) and legal and political philosophy (theorizing law and governance beyond the state, and especially the thought of Alexandre Kojeve and Leo Strauss). His recent books include The Regulation of International Trade, Third Edition, co-authored with Michael J. Trebilcock, to be released this month in the US; The Federal Vision, co-edited with Kalypso Nicolaidis (2001); and Alexandre Kojeve Outline of a Phenomenology of Right (2000), co-translator with Bryan Frost and principal author of the interpretative commentary. Howse has also authored or co-authored opinion essays in general interest publications such as The Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, Policy Review, and Legal Affairs. He is series editor of the Oxford Commentaries on WTO Law and serves on the editorial advisory board of the European Journal of International Law. He has also been a reporter on WTO law for the American Law Institute. For part of the fall 2005 semester, Howse has been a visiting instructor at the University of Paris I (Pantheon-Sorbonne).
What Can Spider Diagrams Say?
No full textSpider diagrams are a visual notation for expressing logical statements. In this paper we identify a well known fragment of first order predicate logic, that we call ESD, equivalent in expressive power to the spider diagram language. The language ESD is monadic and includes equality but has no constants or function symbols. To show this equivalence, in one direction, for each diagram we construct a sentence in ESD that expresses the same information. For the more challenging converse we show there exists a finite set of models for a sentence S that can be used to classify all the models for S. Using these classifying models we show that there is a diagram expressing the same information as S
Modular Semantics for Object-Oriented Models
No full textThis paper describes a formal, modular approach to the semantics of object-oriented models. These models are expressed in the UML notation augmented with the Object Constraint language (OCL), which provides a precise textual language for expressing assertions: invariant constraints and operation specifications. The approach to semantics we adopt could easily be applied to other, similar notation sets. An important aspect of our approach is to treat every component of a model, down to the level of individual diagram elements, as distinct semantic entities which, here, are theories in Larch. The semantics of a model or part of a model is then the composition of the semantic entities corresponding to the individual model elements. This leads to a highly modular approach, allow-ing reuse of generic semantic entities, resulting in an elegant, transparent semantics for individual models. The fine-grained modularity promises to support the extraction and manipulation of different ''views'' of a model. The composition of model elements supported by the semantics promises to underpin the development of systems from reusable components. Larch is used as it supports theory composition, ensures that the semantics is relatively accessible (essentially theories of FOPL), is well-defined, and is close to technologies most likely to provide auto-mated tool support (including a toolset to support it directly)
On the Completeness of Spider Diagrams Augmented with Constants
No full textDiagrammatic reasoning can be described formally by a number of diagrammatic logics; spider diagrams are one of these, and are used for expressing logical statements about set membership and containment. Here, existing work on spider diagrams is extended to include constant spiders that represent specific individuals. We give a formal syntax and semantics for the extended diagram language before introducing a collection of reasoning rules encapsulating logical equivalence and logical consequence. We prove that the resulting logic is sound, complete and decidable
Mixing Visual and Textual Constraint Languages
No full textThe Object Constraint Language (OCL) is a precise language for notating behavioural constraints on UML models. Constraint diagrams have been proposed as a means of notating similar constraints, but in a visual form. This paper explores the utility of these two notations for depicting constraints, and shows how they can be used effectively together. The goal of this work is to provide more intuitive and expressive languages to support the construction and presentation of rich and precise models
Euler Graph Transformations for Euler Diagram Layout
No full textEuler diagrams are frequently used for visualizing information about collections of objects and form an important component of various visual languages. Properties possessed by Euler diagrams correlate with their usability, such as whether the diagram has only simple curves or possesses concurrency. Sometimes, every diagram that represents some given information possesses some undesirable properties, and reducing the number of violations of undesirable properties is beneficial. In this paper we show how to count the number of violations from the reduced Euler graph. We then define various transformations on the Euler graph which can reduce the number of violations of a given property, but sometimes at the expense of increasing the number of violations of another property. These transformations can be used to improve the quality of the drawn diagram, which is important for effective information visualization
A General Method for Drawing Area-Proportional Euler Diagrams
No full textArea-proportional Euler diagrams have many applications, for example they are often used for visualizing data in medical and biological domains. There have been a number of recent research efforts to automatically draw Euler diagrams when the areas of the regions are not considered, leading to a range of different drawing techniques. By contrast, substantially less progress has been made on the problem of automatically drawing area-proportional Euler diagrams, although some partial results have been derived. In this paper, we considerably advance the state-of-the-art in area-proportional Euler diagram drawing by presenting the first method that is capable of generating such a diagram given any area-proportional specification. Moreover, our drawing method is sufficiently flexible that it allows one to specify which of the typically enforced wellformedness conditions should be possessed by the to-be-drawn Euler diagram
Improved productivity in fusion welding : executive summary
No full textThis document is an Executive Summary of individual submissions of work that the
author has submitted towards the degree of Engineering Doctorate. The work
comprises three main themes, which can be demonstrated in a broader sense as
contributing towards improved productivity in fusion welding:
i) The use of active fluxes for Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding.
ii) An investigation into the reduction of porosity when Metal Active Gas (MAG)
welding galvanneal coated steel sheet used in the automotive industry.
iii) The use of high power Nd:YAG laser welding for the production of large
diameter, long distance land pipelines.
Active fluxes give improved productivity by increasing the penetration depth of the
TIG welding process by the simple addition of a flux applied to the surface.
Although the productivity benefits of the process had been proven through a joint
TWIIindustry project, the mechanism by which the fluxes produced this
improvement was not fully understood. The first theme investigated the mechanisms
at work in providing increased penetration and concluded that the primary
mechanism responsible for the action of the fluxes was not due to a change in the
flow of the molten pool but, as others had suggested, due to arc constriction. This
work contributed to a greater understanding of the welding process and,
furthermore, a greater understanding of the potential opportunities and limitations of
the process when designing new fluxes for other alloy systems.
MAG welds in coated steel sheet used in the automotive industry are prone to
porosity leading to high reject rates. The second phase of work reported here
determined welding procedures capable of delivering low porosity welds developed
through statistical experimental design. These procedures demonstrated how low
porosity welds could be made using conventional MAG welding techniques on
steels that had been galvanneal coated to provide corrosion resistance. The
procedures developed could be easily implemented at high production rates in an
industrial manufacturing environment to reduce defect levels, and thus costly repairs
or high scrap rates.
The third theme of the work demonstrated how Nd:YAG laser welding could
potentially be used to replace conventional arc welding techniques for land lay of
gas transmission pipelines. The application of a single laser fill pass, made at high
production rates, could replace the use of multiple MAG welding stations greatly
reducing the costs associated with pipeline fabrication. BP has claimed that half
pipeline cost savings of up to $300 million dollars are achievable through the
implementation of such a technique. The justification for the use of lasers in
pipelines is discussed in terms of both technical and economic suitability.
Preliminary experimental work showed that high power Nd:YAG laser welds could
achieve productivity targets, although in order to reduce defects and achieve the
necessary structural performance it would be necessary to combine laser welding
with a MAG welding process
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