3,579 research outputs found
Knowles, Taylor and Knowles Pottery
No full textReproduction of a photograph depicting two blacksmiths working at the Knowles, Taylor, and Knowles pottery in East Liverpool, Ohio, ca. 1901. W. Knowles opened a small pottery in East Liverpool in 1854. In 1870, John Taylor and Homer S. Knowles joined the company. The operation expanded during the next two decades. By the 1880s, Knowles, Taylor and Knowles was producing translucent china. By 1890, the company was the largest manufacturer of white granite plain and decorative ware in the nation. The factory closed in 1931
Knowles, Taylor, and Knowles Pottery photograph
No full textThis 5" x 7" (12.7 by 17.8 cm) photograph depicts two blacksmiths at work at the Knowles, Taylor, and Knowles pottery in East Liverpool, Ohio. W. Knowles opened a small pottery in East Liverpool in 1854. In 1870, John Taylor and Homer S. Knowles joined the company. The operation expanded during the next two decades. By the 1880s, Knowles, Taylor and Knowles was producing translucent china. By 1890, the company was the largest manufacturer of white granite plain and decorative ware in the nation. The factory closed in 1931
John Mathews statement about Adam and Rachel Knowles
No full textStatement that Adam and Rachel Knowles have acknowledged a deed from Knowles to Keys, dated March 3, 180
Why are married men working so much? An aggregate analysis of intra-household bargaining and labor supply
No full textAre macro-economists mistaken in ignoring bargaining between spouses? This paper argues that models of intra-household allocation could be useful for understanding aggregate labor supply trends in the US since the 1970s. A simple calculation suggests that the standard model without bargaining predicts a 19% decline in married-male labor supply in response to the narrowing of the gender gap in wages since the 1970s. However married-men's paid labor remained stationary over the period from the mid 1970s to the recession of 2001. This paper develops and calibrates to US time-use survey data a model of marital bargaining in which time allocations are determined jointly with equilibrium marriage and divorce rates. The results suggest that bargaining effects raised married men's labor supply by about 2.1 weekly hours over the period, and reduced that of married women by 2.7 hours. Bargaining therefore has a relatively small impact on aggregate labor supply, but is critical for trends in female labor supply. Also, the narrowing of the gender wage gap is found to account for a weekly 1.5 hour increase in aggregate labor supply
Do marital prospects dissuade unmarried fertility?
No full textUnmarried fertility was a lot lower in the 1970s than in the 1990s. It was also the case that unmarried mothers had much lower marriage rates than non-mothers, a differential that has largely vanished over time. Could this marriage-market penalty have been strong enough to explain why unmarried fertility rates were lower then? To explore this issue, we introduce a new model of fertility and marriage, based on directed search. Relative to the existing literature, the essential contributions of the model are to allow for accumulation of children over the lifecycle and for the marriage of single mothers. We use the model, in conjunction with US survey data, to explore the impact of marital prospects on the fertility decisions of unmarried women. We find that the decline, from the 1970s to 1995, in marriage rates of unmarried women with no children, can account for the dramatic rise in unmarried women’s share of births over that period
Can technological change account for the sexual revolution?
No full textBy reducing the risk of unwanted parenthood, better contraception reduces the cost of unmarried sex, increasing the value of single life. A simple one-period example suggests this could explain why marriage and birth rates have declined since 1970. We extend the analysis to allow for repeated matching over many periods, modelling the shotgun-marriage, contraception-method and abortion margins. We use US survey data on contraception, sexual activity and family dynamics to calibrate the model to the 1970s; we find that the effects of liberalizing access to contraception and abortion account for 60% of the behavioural shifts associated with the sexual revolution
Why are married men working so much? Relative wages, labor supply and the decline of marriage
No full textAre macro-economists mistaken in ignoring bargaining between spouses? The stationarity, since the mid 1970s, of married-men's average weekly hours of paid labor suggests that the inclusion of bargaining between spouses is essential for understanding the labor supply trends of married women. This paper develops and calibrates to US time-use survey data a simple macro-style model of marital bargaining, where the allocations depend on equilibrium marriage and divorce rates. The results suggest that bargaining reduces by roughly 50% the effect of the closing of the gender gap in wages on the labor supply of married women. Even with respect to average paid labor of married couples, the prediction error from ignoring bargaining would be on the order of 5 hours per week. The model without bargaining also exaggerates the impact on the decline of marriage resulting from the declining price of home equipment, from tax reform and from the closing of the gender ga
Love and Money: A theoretical and empirical analysis of household sorting and inequality
No full textThis paper examines the interactions between household formation, inequality, and per capita income. We develop a model in which agents decide to become skilled or unskilled and form households. We show that the equilibrium sorting of spouses by skill type (their correlation in skills) is an increasing function of the skill premium. In the absence of perfect capital markets, the economy can converge to different steady states, depending upon initial conditions. The degree of marital sorting and wage inequality is positively correlated across steady states and negatively correlated with per capita income. We use household surveys from 34 countries to construct several measures of the skill premium and of the degree of correlation of spouses' education (marital sorting). For all our measures, we find a positive and significant relationship between the two variables. We also find that sorting and per capita GDP are negatively correlated and that greater discrimination against women leads to more sorting, in line with the predictions of our model
Why is the rate of single parenthood lower in Canada than in the U.S.? A dynamic equilibrium analysis of welfare policies
No full textA critical question in the design of welfare policies is whether totarget aid according to household composition, as was done in the U.S. under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)\ program, or to rely exclusively on means-testing, as in Canada. Restricting aid to single mothers, for instance, has the potential to distort behavior along three demographic margins: marriage, fertility and divorce. We contrast the Canadian and the U.S. policies within an equilibrium model of household formation and human capital investment on children. Policy differences weconsider are: eligibility, dependence of transfers on the number of children, and generosity of transfers. Our simulations indicate that the policy differences can account for the higher rate of single-parenthood in the U.S. They also show that Canadian welfare policy is more effective for fostering human capital accumulation among children from poor families. Interestingly, a majority of agents in our benchmark economy prefers awelfare system that targets single mothers (as the U.S. system does), yet does not (unlike the U.S. system) make transfers dependent on the number of children
John Wesley Meets Malcolm Knowles: Was The Class Meeting Andragogical?
No full text With increased interest in small groups as a device for facilitating spiritual growth and maturity, several recent studies have reconsidered the remarkable success of John Wesley's class meeting. These studies have attempted to identify the factors that contributed to this success, variously addressing theological, historical, organizational, or educational issues. No study to date has considered specifically the question of how Wesley provided for adults as learners within the class meeting. To what degree did Wesley employ principles identified more recently as “andragogical” by Malcolm Knowles? The present study utilizes a methodology of philosophical analysis of John Wesley's class meeting against the backdrop of Malcolm Knowles's concepts of andragogy as a way of thinking about engaging adults as learners. The paper describes the principles of andragogy as developed by Knowles, and then analyzes the practices of the class meeting as formulated by Wesley against these andragogical principles. Finally, conclusions and implications are offered for contemporary small group ministry for adults. </jats:p
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